Pettersonnorris4894

Biologic drugs have significantly improved the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). However, the availability of these drugs is limited by their high cost. Infliximab was the first biologic to be approved for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). After its patent expired other manufactures developed biosimilar versions, among which CT-P13, and licensed them thorough an expedite process.

The aim of this review is to summarize the available evidence on CT-P13 use in IBD, with particular interest in the phase II trials of a subcutaneous version of CT-P13.

Biosimilars, such as CT-P13, are an important resource for health-care systems. Although CT-P13 approval in IBD was based on extrapolation, subsequent studies confirmed its clinical equivalence to originator infliximab. A new subcutaneous formulation of CT-P13 showed promising results in phase I and II trials in both CD and UC. Clinical efficacy and safety were comparable and interestingly serum drug doses appeared to be more stable than conventional intravenous CT-P13. If these preliminary results will be confirmed, the first sub-cutaneous version of infliximab could soon be available for IBD.

Biosimilars, such as CT-P13, are an important resource for health-care systems. Although CT-P13 approval in IBD was based on extrapolation, subsequent studies confirmed its clinical equivalence to originator infliximab. A new subcutaneous formulation of CT-P13 showed promising results in phase I and II trials in both CD and UC. Clinical efficacy and safety were comparable and interestingly serum drug doses appeared to be more stable than conventional intravenous CT-P13. If these preliminary results will be confirmed, the first sub-cutaneous version of infliximab could soon be available for IBD.l-Carnitine (LC) plays a key role in sperm metabolism, easily providing energy through β-oxidation, which positively affects motility. QNZ manufacturer of this study was to investigate the association between blood plasma and seminal plasma LC levels, as well as the effect of LC as an additive in a skimmed milk-based extender during sperm storage at 5°C. In the first experiment, semen and blood samples from 14 Quarter Horse stallions were used. The LC content in blood plasma and seminal plasma was determined by spectrophotometry and their relationships with seminal parameters were evaluated. In the second experiment, ejaculates (n = 16) from four Quarter Horses were used. Each ejaculate was split into four treatment groups with different LC concentrations 0 (control), 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mM. Sperm motility, integrity of plasma and acrosomal membranes, intracellular reactive oxygen species content, and plasma membrane stability were evaluated immediately after samples reached 5°C (0 hour) and after 24, 48, and 72 hours. There was a positive correlation (p  less then  0.05) between LC levels in seminal plasma with both sperm concentration and plasma and acrosomal membrane integrity. #link# Furthermore, the addition of LC (1 and 2 mM) preserved the motility of equine sperm stored at 5°C. It was concluded that the concentrations of LC with seminal plasma present correlate to semen parameters and the addition of LC to skimmed milk-based extender preserves the motility of equine sperm stored at 5°C for up to 48 hours.Aim This study compared growth kinetics of human amniotic fluid stem cells (hAFSCs) in different maternal age groups and two different media of AmnioMAX and Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM). Materials and Methods Three milliliters of amniotic fluid (AF) was provided from 16 pregnant women who were referred for amniocentesis from 16 to 18 weeks of gestation. Mothers were divided to 20-29 (n = 5), 30-39 (n = 5) and 40-49 (n = 6) years old age groups. AF was immediately centrifuged and the cell pellet was cultured. Cells were characterized morphologically, by flow cytometry and for osteogenic and adipogenic inductions. Population doubling time (PDT) and growth kinetics were determined. AFSCs cultured in AmnioMAX were compared in various age groups. A comparison of growth kinetics of AFSCs cultured in AmnioMAX and DMEM from 40 to 49 years old pregnant women was undertaken. Results AFSCs were adherent to culture flasks and were spindle shape, and positive for osteogenic and adipogenic inductions and for expression of CD73, CD90 and CD105 markers, but negative for CD34 and CD45. PDT among 20-29, 30-39, and 40-49 years old women was 30.9, 38.3, and 43.9 hours, respectively showing a higher cell proliferation in younger ages. When comparing AmnioMAX and DMEM, PDT was 53 and 96.9 hours, respectively denoting to a higher cell proliferation in AmnioMAX. Conclusions Higher proliferation and plasticity of hAFSCs were noted in AmnioMAX and in younger mothers' samples. These findings can be added to the literature and open a new avenue in regenerative medicine, when hAFSCs are targeted for cell therapy purposes.

Inferior vena cava flow (IVCF) and abdominal aortic flow (AAF) are essential components of the systemic circulation. Although postural changes might alter IVCF and AAF by the gravity effect, the exact details are unknown.

To evaluate the effect of gravity on IVCF and AAF using a novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system that can image in any position.

Caval velocity-mapped images were obtained using the cine phase-contrast technique in the upright and supine positions with multi-posture MRI (n = 12). The mean IVCF/AAF velocity, maximum IVCF/AAF velocity, cross-sectional area of IVC/AA, mean IVCF/AAF, maximum IVCF/AAF, and heart rate in the two positions were assessed.

The mean IVCF velocity, maximum IVCF velocity, cross-sectional area of IVC, mean IVCF, maximum IVCF, mean AAF velocity, maximum AAF velocity, mean AAF, and maximum AAF were significantly lower in the upright position compared with the supine position (

 < 0.05 for all), with differences of 52% ± 33%, 36% ± 19%, 56% ± 18%, 26% ± 18%, 19% ± 11%, 33% ± 13%, 33% ± 22%, 42% ± 21%, and 37% ± 28%, respectively. link2 Heart rate was significantly higher in the upright position compared with the supine position (116% ± 9.2%;

 = 0.003). There were no differences in cross-sectional area of AA between the two positions (108% ± 22%;

 = 0.583).

The effect of gravity decreases IVCF and AAF. Clarifying the effect of gravity on IVCF and AAF during a postural change may help to improve the management of patients with circulatory disease.

The effect of gravity decreases IVCF and AAF. Clarifying the effect of gravity on IVCF and AAF during a postural change may help to improve the management of patients with circulatory disease.

Isolated posterior spinal (element) tuberculosis (TB) is uncommon compared to classical anterior spinal or para-discal TB. Here, we report magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of posterior spinal TB in 19 patients without involvement of the vertebral body and intervertebral disc.

To evaluate the MRI findings in isolated posterior spinal (element) TB.

Clinical and MRI data of 19 patients of isolated posterior spinal TB were retrospectively evaluated.

Of the 19 patients, group A comprised 4 (21%) patients with rapid onset lower limb weakness and pyramidal signs while group B comprised 15 (79%) patients without any neurological deficit. Lumbar vertebrae commonly affected 9 (47.4%) patients followed by dorsal vertebrae in 8 (42.1%) patients and cervical vertebrae in 2 (10.5%) patients. The pedicle was most commonly involved in 12 (63.2%) patients followed by the lamina in 11 (58%) patients, and spinous process and facet joint in 6 (31.6%) patients each. Extra-spinal inflammation/pyomyositis/paraspinal abscess was found in 13 (68.4%) patients followed by epidural abscess 3 (15.8%) patients and both extra spinal inflammation and epidural abscess in 3 (15.8%) patients (15.8%). Compressive cord myelopathy was observed in 4 (21%) patients, where three patients underwent emergency decompression laminectomy and the remaining 16 patients were treated conservatively with anti-tubercular therapy.

Initial diagnosis of isolated posterior element TB is challenging and requires a high index of suspicion. Early diagnosis of isolated posterior spinal TB is important as early treatment may be beneficial and decreases patient morbidity.

Initial diagnosis of isolated posterior element TB is challenging and requires a high index of suspicion. Early diagnosis of isolated posterior spinal TB is important as early treatment may be beneficial and decreases patient morbidity.

The relationship between the imaging parameters on postoperative ultrasound (US) other than repaired tendon integrity with clinical outcome such as postoperative residual pain has not been well defined.

To investigate whether the repaired tendon thickness and subdeltoid fluid collection after rotator cuff repair are correlated with early postoperative clinical outcome.

This retrospective study included 54 patients who underwent repair of the arthroscopic rotator cuff either by suture-bridge or single-row technique and postoperative US. link3 We assessed the relationship between the sonographic parameters, including repaired supraspinatus tendon thickness and subdeltoid fluid collection, with the clinical outcome represented by the Korean Shoulder Scoring system (KSS) score using correlation coefficients (R). Also, the subgroup analysis was done to assess the differences by surgical technique and patients' age.

There was a significant inverse relationship between the amount of subdeltoid fluid collection and degree of self-assessed pain improvement of the patients (

 < 0.05), although every KSS category showed statistically insignificant tendency of inverse relationship with the fluid thickness. However, there was no statistically significant relationship between the thickness of repaired supraspinatus tendon and KSS scores. In patients aged >60 years, a statistically significant inverse relationship between thickness of subdeltoid fluid collection and difference value of the KSS scores in category of function was observed with both interpreters (

 = 0.015 and

 = 0.04, respectively).

Subdeltoid fluid collection measured on US after repair of the arthroscopic rotator cuff in the early postoperative period has significant association with the patients' subjective clinical outcome.

Subdeltoid fluid collection measured on US after repair of the arthroscopic rotator cuff in the early postoperative period has significant association with the patients' subjective clinical outcome.Sugar, tobacco, and alcohol have been demonized since the seventeenth century. Yet unlike tobacco and alcohol, there is indisputable scientific evidence that dietary sugars were essential for human evolution and are essential for human health and development. Therefore, the purpose of this analytic review and commentary is to demonstrate that anti-sugar rhetoric is divorced from established scientific facts and has led to politically expedient but ill-informed policies reminiscent of those enacted about alcohol a century ago in the United States. Herein, we present a large body of interdisciplinary research to illuminate several misconceptions, falsehoods, and facts about dietary sugars. We argue that anti-sugar policies and recommendations are not merely unscientific but are regressive and unjust because they harm the most vulnerable members of our society while providing no personal or public health benefits.