Engbergmclaughlin8152

Combating the Aedes aegypti vector is still the key to control the transmission of many arboviruses, such as Dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya. Nowadays, as few products are efficient for Aedes aegypti control, the search for new strategies became pivotal. Therefore, the use of substances with photodynamic activity, such as curcumin and their formulations, are strongly encouraged, due to their multi-target mechanism of action. In this study, we evaluated the photolarvicidal and ovicidal activity of curcumin in the presence of sucrose (named SC) and D-mannitol (named DMC). To support the understanding of the larvicidal action of these formulations, Raman micro-spectroscopy was employed. We also studied the morphological changes in Danio rerio (Zebrafish) gills, a non-target organism, and demonstrate that this is an environmentally friendly approach. Both SC and DMC presented a high photo-larvicidal potential. DMC showed the highest larval mortality, with LC50-24h values between 0.01 and 0.02 mg.L-1. DMC also significantly decreased egg hatchability, reaching a hatching rate of 10% at 100 mg.L-1. The analysis of molecular mechanisms via Raman micro-spectroscopy showed that DMC is highly permeable to the peritrophic membrane of the larva, causing irreversible damage to the simple columnar epithelium of the digestive tube. Histological changes found in the D. rerio gills were of minimal or moderate pathological importance, indicating an adaptive trait rather than detrimental characteristics. check details These findings indicate that curcumin in sugar formulations is highly efficient, especially DMC, proving it to be a promising and safe alternative to control Aedes mosquitoes. Moreover, Raman micro-spectroscopy demonstrated high potential as an analytical technique to understand the mechanism of action of larvicides.Agricultural land-use is typically associated with high stream nutrient concentrations and increased nutrient loading to lakes. For lakes, evidence for these associations mostly comes from studies on individual lakes or watersheds that relate concentrations of nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P) to aggregate measures of agricultural land-use, such as the proportion of land used for agriculture in a lake's watershed. However, at macroscales (i.e., in hundreds to thousands of lakes across large spatial extents), there is high variability around such relationships and it is unclear whether considering more granular (or detailed) agricultural data, such as fertilizer application, planting of specific crops, or the extent of near-stream cropping, would improve prediction and inform understanding of lake nutrient drivers. Furthermore, it is unclear whether lake N and P would have different relationships to such measures and whether these relationships would vary by region, since regional variation has been observed in prior studies using aggregate measures of agriculture. To address these knowledge gaps, we examined relationships between granular measures of agricultural activity and lake total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) concentrations in 928 lakes and their watersheds in the Northeastern and Midwest U.S. using a Bayesian hierarchical modelling approach. We found that both lake TN and TP concentrations were related to these measures of agriculture, especially near-stream agriculture. The relationships between measures of agriculture and lake TN concentrations were more regionally variable than those for TP. Conversely, TP concentrations were more strongly related to lake-specific measures like depth and watershed hydrology relative to TN. Our finding that lake TN and TP concentrations have different relationships with granular measures of agricultural activity has implications for the design of effective and efficient policy approaches to maintain and improve water quality.Objectives Many infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) require prolonged periods of respiratory support. Microlaryngoscopy and bronchoscopy (MLB) is performed to evaluate for airway pathology and facilitate decision-making regarding further airway interventions or tracheostomy. The objectives of this study are to describe the operative findings of MLB performed on infants in the NICU and determine which pre-operative characteristics or operative findings are predictive of the need for tracheostomy. Methods The medical records of preterm inpatients in the NICU at a single tertiary care hospital who underwent MLB between January 1, 2013 and January 7, 2016 were reviewed. Baseline and demographic characteristics and intra-operative findings were compared between patients who underwent tracheostomy and those who were successfully weaned from respiratory support. Results Seventy-three preterm patients underwent MLB for respiratory failure, of whom 41 (56.2%) underwent tracheostomy. Patients who underwent tracheostomy had lower mean gestational age (27.4 vs. 30.5 weeks), higher prevalence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (73.2% vs. 37.5%), lower mean birth weight (1.1 kg vs. 1.6 kg), and a greater number of extubation events (5.2 vs. 3.0) than those who weaned from respiratory support. Abnormal MLB findings were common in both groups, though no single MLB finding differed significantly between groups. Conclusions Preterm infants in the NICU with gestational age ≤30 weeks, birth weight less then 1.5 kg, severe pulmonary disease, and who have failed more than 3 extubation attempts are more likely to require tracheostomy.Background & aims The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of removal and replacement of the same LAMS to facilitate DEN. Methods EUS-guided LAMS placement for WON was performed. During subsequent endoscopy for DEN, the LAMS was initially removed, DEN was performed, and the same LAMS was deployed across the transmural tract at the end of session. Results 140 LAMS were placed for PFC drainage (43 pseudocysts and 97 WON) from 10/1/2016 to 11/15/2019. Of these, 40 patients (mean age 43.88±15.35 years; 70% males; mean WON size 10.9±4.9 cm by 8.7±3.8 cm) underwent removal and replacement of the same LAMS for multiple DEN sessions. The. LAMS was successfully replaced across the transmural tract during all 81 DEN sessions. Complete resolution was achieved after a median of 2 (range 1-7; mean 2.4±1.5) DEN sessions with stent retrieval after a mean of 64.14±31.55 days after initial placement. There was no evidence of stent damage, tissue ingrowth or major bleeding. Conclusions Removal and replacement of LAMS during multiple necrosectomies is feasible, safe, and facilitates DEN.