Breenpratt9903
3 or 2.7% yearly (c. 2.8 Mg C with 10 Mg C ha-1 input) mainly in its light fraction. The size of the microbial biomass increased by 5.1% yearly (c. 0.12 Mg C with 10 Mg C ha-1 input). A higher aggregate stability against slaking disruption was observed. Soil pH slightly decreased, P (Olsen) fertility increased (up to 10 mg P kg-1) as did K availability (up to 140 mg K kg-1) and Mn and Ni bioavailability. In rapeseed plants, seed Ca, S, Cu and Mn content increased as did K, S, Fe, Mn and Zn in the rest of the plant biomass. These changes were within acceptable concentration ranges. The higher N rate from DCS has proved useful for the circular nutrient economy, while improving soil physical and chemical quality and the sustainability of the agricultural system as a whole.
Acute lung injury (ALI), manifested by progressive hypoxemia and respiratory distress, is associated with high morbidity and mortality, which lacks the effective therapies in clinics. Our previous studies demonstrated that maresin1 (MaR1), a specialized proresolving mediator, could effectively mitigate the inflammation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI. However, whether MaR1 impacts the macrophage polarization to alleviate ALI remains unclear. Our study explored the effects and underlying mechanisms of MaR1 on the macrophage phenotypes in ALI.
Male BALB/c mice were subjected to endotracheal instillation of LPS to induce ALI and then intravenously injected with MaR1 or normal saline. Intraperitoneal administration of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) inhibitor GW9662 was given 30mins before MaR1. We measured the pathohistologic changes, pulmonary edema, inflammatory cytokines, and the flow cytometry of macrophage phenotypes.
Our results illustrated that MaR1 ameliorated lung injury and increased monocyte or macrophage recruitment and the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines. The flow cytometry showed that MaR1 promoted polarization of CD11c
CD206
(M2) macrophages and inhibited polarization of CD11c
CD206
(M1) macrophages. Besides, the western blotting revealed that MaR1 increased the expression of PPAR-γ. The pretreatment with PPAR-γ antagonist GW9662 could significantly suppress the polarization of M2 macrophages and antagonize the protective effects of MaR1 on LPS-stimulated ALI.
MaR1 was able to promote M2 macrophage polarization by reversing LPS-mediated PPAR-γ inhibition, thereby expediting the recovery of LPS-stimulated ALI.
MaR1 was able to promote M2 macrophage polarization by reversing LPS-mediated PPAR-γ inhibition, thereby expediting the recovery of LPS-stimulated ALI.
The results of the Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) 9343 trial showed that radiation therapy (RT) did not improve survival for women older than 70 y with early-stage estrogen receptor+breast cancer treated with breast conserving surgery and adjuvant endocrine therapy. In 2005, guidelines were modified to allow for RT omission; however, minimal change in clinical practice has occurred. The aim of this study was to determine if CALGB long-term follow-up data have affected RT utilization, and to characterize the population still receiving RT after breast conserving surgery.
The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare database was used to identify women diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer from 2004 to 2015 who matched the CALGB 9343 inclusion criteria. Multivariate logistic regression was carried out to identify the factors that affect the receipt of radiation therapy. We also plotted the overall use of RT over time juxtaposed with the temporal trends of CALGB 9343 clinical trial data, gudramatically decrease.
Hiatal hernia recurrence after hiatal hernia repair (HHR) is often underdiagnosed and underreported but may present with recurrent gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms. Because of their availability, proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use is common and may mask patients who would benefit from revisional surgery, which has been shown to improve symptoms and quality of life.
A retrospective analysis was performed to evaluate recurrence patterns of patients who underwent HHR, specifically for the indication of GERD, from 2007 to 2015 at a single Veterans Administration Medical Center. Clinicopathologic parameters were reviewed for association with hiatal hernia recurrence, including postoperative PPI use.
Sixty-four patients were identified with a median follow-up time of 57.8mo. Thirty-eight patients developed an anatomic recurrence, which did not demonstrate any associated factors on univariate analysis. Seventy percent of patients remained or were restarted on PPI after their initial surgery. For pause of PPIs in patients whom have undergone HHR may delay proper workup to identify recurrent hiatal hernia amenable to surgical repair and should be reserved until patients develop recurrent symptoms and have at least begun a diagnostic workup to rule out an anatomic cause for the recurrent symptoms.
Surgery for anorectal disease is thought to cause significant postoperative pain. Our previous work demonstrated that most opioids prescribed after anorectal surgery are not used. We aimed to evaluate a standardized protocol for pain control after anorectal surgery.
We prospectively evaluated a standardized opioid reduction protocol over a 13-mo period for all patients undergoing elective anorectal surgery at our institution. Protocol components include preoperative query, procedural local-anesthetic blocks, first-line nonopioid analgesic use±opioid prescription of five pills, and standardized postoperative instructions. Patients completed questionnaires at postoperative follow-up. Patients with history of opioid abuse or use within 30d of operation, loss to follow-up, or surgical complications were excluded. Primary outcome was quality of pain control on a five-point scale. Secondary outcomes included use of nonopioid analgesics, opioids used, and need for refill.
A total of 55 patients were included. Mean age was 47±17y with 23 women (42%). Anorectal abscess/fistula procedures were the most common (69%) followed by pilonidal procedures (11%) and hemorrhoidectomy (7%). Most had general anesthesia (60%) with the remainder local anesthesia±sedation. Fifty-four (98%) had procedural local-anesthetic blocks. Twenty-six patients (47%) were prescribed opioids with a median of five pills. Forty-seven patients (85%) reported the use of nonopioid analgesics. Forty-six patients (84%) reported excellent to very good pain control. About 220 opioid pills were prescribed, and 122 were reported to be used. One patient (2%) received an opioid refill.
Satisfactory pain control after anorectal surgery can be achieved with multimodality therapy with little to no opioid use for most patients.
Satisfactory pain control after anorectal surgery can be achieved with multimodality therapy with little to no opioid use for most patients.Outdoor ultrafine particles (UFPs) ( less then 0.1 µm) may have an important impact on public health but exposure assessment remains a challenge in epidemiological studies. We developed a novel method of estimating spatiotemporal variations in outdoor UFP number concentrations and particle diameters using street-level images and audio data in Montreal, Canada. As a secondary aim, we also developed models for noise. Convolutional neural networks were first trained to predict 10-second average UFP/noise parameters using a large database of images and audio spectrogram data paired with measurements collected between April 2019 and February 2020. Final multivariable linear regression and generalized additive models were developed to predict 5-minute average UFP/noise parameters including covariates from deep learning models based on image and audio data along with outdoor temperature and wind speed. The best performing final models had mean cross-validation R2 values of 0.677 and 0.523 for UFP number concentrations and 0.825 and 0.735 for UFP size using two different test sets. Audio predictions from deep learning models were stronger predictors of spatiotemporal variations in UFP parameters than predictions based on street-level images; this was not explained only by noise levels captured in the audio signal. All final noise models had R2 values above 0.90. Collectively, our findings suggest that street-level images and audio data can be used to estimate spatiotemporal variations in outdoor UFPs and noise. This approach may be useful in developing exposure models over broad spatial scales and such models can be regularly updated to expand generalizability as more measurements become available.Salmonella, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), and Listeria monocytogenes have been isolated from low water activity foods (LWAF), where they may survive for extended periods. The ready-to-eat nature of many LWAF, such as dried fruits and nuts, warrants effective post-harvest thermal treatment for the reduction of pathogens such as low-temperature, saturated steam, also known as vacuum-assisted steam pasteurization. The objective of this study was to determine reductions of Salmonella, STEC, L. monocytogenes, and a possible surrogate (Pediococcus acidilactici) on dried apricot halves, whole macadamia nuts, and raisins after treatment with vacuum-assisted steam at three temperatures (62 °C, 72 °C, or 82 °C) and multiple time intervals. Bacterial inactivation was variable between commodities, with higher temperatures and longer times necessary to achieve comparable reductions of pathogens on apricot halves and macadamia nuts compared to raisins. Reductions of the tested pathogens were comparable; thcribed by the Weibull model for raisins and macadamia nuts, while the Gompertz model best described reductions on apricot halves according to Akaike information criterion (AIC) and root-mean-square error (RMSE) evaluations. Water activity and moisture content were increased due to the treatments, which could be addressed through implementation of drying steps. Thermal inactivation kinetic models and 5-log reduction parameters can help food processors design and evaluate similar vacuum-assisted steam interventions to comply with FSMA regulations and preventive control plans. However, results or model predictions should not be extrapolated to assume the safety of other types of foods.The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence, infection level and distribution of ascaridoid larvae in cephalopod products sold in Italy. Data on the species most commonly commercialized as whole and fresh on the Italian market were collected. After comparing commercial and literature data, Eledone spp., comprising E. Nintedanib cirrhosa and E. moschata (horned octopus and musky octopus, respectively) and Doryteuthis pealeii (longfin inshore squid) were selected, as they had been rarely investigated. Overall, 75 Eledone spp. caught in the Mediterranean Sea (FAO area 37) and 70 D. pealeii from the Northwest Atlantic Ocean (FAO area 21) were examined by visual inspection and artificial digestion (viscera and mantle separately). Parasites were submitted to morphological and molecular analysis. Prevalence (P), mean intensity (MI) and mean abundance (MA) were calculated. In D. pealeii, 2 nematode larvae molecularly identified as Anisakis simplex s.s. were found in the viscera and in the mantle of two specimens (P 2.9% 95% CI 0-6.
