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Due to their differing carcinogenesis, prognosis and clinical manifestation, human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated and HPV-negative oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) have been classified separately as two entities since the 8th edition of the AJCC/UICC TNM staging system (UICC8).

A total of 524 patients with OSCC treated between 2000 and 2016 at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery of the University Hospital Muenster, Germany, were examined for the detection of HPV type 16-specific DNA (HPV16-DNA), nicotine and alcohol consumption and the influence of therapy on overall survival (OS).

There was asignificant increase in the annual prevalence of HPV16-DNA-positive OSCC from 40% (n = 12/30) in 2000 to 46% (n = 18/39) in 2016 (p = 0.025, β = 0.539). Of the HPV16-DNA-positive OSCC, 89% (n = 212) were downgraded on the basis of UICC8 compared to UICC7. In the overall collective, frequent alcohol and nicotine (≥ 10 pack years) consumption showed asignificant negative influencn could influence the UICC classification in order to further improve prognostic significance.

In the context of tumor surgery, the median mandibulotomy as an access route to the oral cavity and oropharynx provides an excellent overview of the surgical site. However, it is not regarded entirely unproblematic with regard to early and later complications that may arise.

The results and complications of the median mandibulotomy will be presented based on data collected from our own patient collective.

A total of 21patients who had undergone amedian mandibulotomy as part of tumor surgery at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of the SRH Zentralklinikum Suhl were examined over aperiod from 01January2010 to 31December2020. The patient files were retrospectively evaluated.

A stair-step median mandibulotomy was performed in all 21patients. Reconstruction was performed using a2.8 mm thick angled mandibular plate and bicortical locking screws. The mean follow-up period was 29.8months. In all, 7patients (33%) had arecurrence at the time of surgery; 5patients (24%) had already undergone pre-radiation. Furthermore, 18patients (85.7%) received adjuvant radiotherapy. We found plate loosening or extrusion in 0of 21cases. A salivary fistula (4.7%) was observed in 1patient. Trismus was found in4 (19%) cases during follow-up. Osteoradionecrosis was found in2 (9.5%) of 21cases. Cosmetic deficits were not observed.

Our results show that the stair-step median mandibulotomy in combination with a2.8 mm thick reconstruction plate and bicortical locking screws leads to astable and safe reconstruction even with pre-irradiated situations. Plate loosening or extrusion did not occur.

Our results show that the stair-step median mandibulotomy in combination with a 2.8 mm thick reconstruction plate and bicortical locking screws leads to a stable and safe reconstruction even with pre-irradiated situations. Plate loosening or extrusion did not occur.Misophonia is a devastating disorder. It is known as an affective sound-processing disorder characterized by the experience of strong negative emotions (e.g., anger, distress) in response to human sounds such as eating/swallowing/breathing. Other sounds produced by humans but not directly by human bodies can also be misophonic triggers (e.g. pen clicking) or environmental sounds (animal sounds/sounds of machines). The type of aversive triggers is individual. The reaction to trigger sounds can depend on many factors, such as assessment of the sound, personal experience, social context or psychological profile. However, there is currently no consensus in defining misophonia. Misophonia is also not yet classified by any official diagnostic system, although it seems to be a separate disorder. There are also associations with other disorders such as activity disorders, tinnitus, hyperacusis, and autism spectrum disorders. In 2013, the first definition criteria were published for the diagnosis of misophonia. Specifically, fMRI showed abnormal activation of the anterior insular cortex (AIC) and other brain areas responsible for the processing and regulation of emotions. To date, no randomized controlled trials evaluating treatments have been published. The use of cognitive and behavioral interventions have been reported as well as external sound systems and sound masking systems as known in the tinnitus retraining therapy. Sufferers try to minimize the trigger sounds by wearing ear plugs or music headphones. Otolaryngologists may also encounter patients with symptoms of misophonia, e.g., when hearing screening is requested or advice should be given on different therapeutic options. This report provides an overview of the current state of knowledge in misophonia and its diagnosis and treatment.

Areciprocal swelling of the nasal mucosa is often referred to as the classical nasal cycle; however, reports in the literature suggest amore complex picture. Most of the research on the nasal cycle is based on individual measurements. The long-term rhinometry (LRM) now makes it possible to continuously examine the cyclic swelling of the nasal mucosa over 24 h. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the nasal cycle with LRM over 24 h.

An LRM was performed in 55rhinologically healthy subjects over 24 h using the portable measuring system Rhino-Move© (Happersberger Otopront; Hohenstein, Germany).

In addition to the expected strictly reciprocal swelling of the nasal mucosa in the sense of the classical nasal cycle, the following cycle types were detected in-concert type with simultaneous rise and drop of the air flow on both sides of the nose, the one-sided type with significant congestion and decongestion of the mucous membrane only on one side and no detectable changes on the other side of the nose and the non-cycle type without any change in airflow on both sides. Most subjects showed acomplex picture with multiple cycle types within the 24 h measurement (mixed nasal cycle). The types often differed during the day and night.

This study confirms the assumption that the nasal cycle measured over 24 h is much more complex than often described in the literature. Most subjects showed several of the 5cycle types described here. The LRM has proven to be an easy to- use and reliable measurement method. The relationship between cycle type and physical activity as well as other factors remains to be investigated.

This study confirms the assumption that the nasal cycle measured over 24 h is much more complex than often described in the literature. Most subjects showed several of the 5 cycle types described here. The LRM has proven to be an easy to- use and reliable measurement method. The relationship between cycle type and physical activity as well as other factors remains to be investigated.

Prolonged ulcerative laryngitis is arare, benign inflammatory alteration of the larynx that persists for months. The laryngoscopic findings suggest amalignant process and can therefore be achallenge for the treating ear, nose and throat (ENT) physician.

Presentation of the current database to provide an overview of the etiology, progress and treatment for everyday clinical practice.

Three case studies from the Department of Phoniatrics and Speech Pathology of the ENT Department, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland, are presented. Analysis and discussion of the current literature base and of case reports in the English literature.

The etiology and predisposing factors for this disease are unclear. Previous respiratory infection with cough and dysphonia seems to be the most common cause. Biopsies should be avoided.

The typical laryngoscopic findings show corresponding circumscribed lancet-shaped ulcerations in the middle third of the vocal fold. ATPase inhibitor The course of the disease appears to be self-limiting and without permanent structural consequences. Therefore, good patient education and close laryngoscopic follow-up should be performed.

The typical laryngoscopic findings show corresponding circumscribed lancet-shaped ulcerations in the middle third of the vocal fold. The course of the disease appears to be self-limiting and without permanent structural consequences. Therefore, good patient education and close laryngoscopic follow-up should be performed.Laugier-Hunziker syndrome (LHS) is characterized by lentiginous hyperpigmentation of the oral mucosa and lips. In addition, longitudinal melanonychia and palmoplantar hyperpigmented lesions may occur. LHS is a clinical diagnosis of exclusion. Herein, we report the case of a 66-year-old woman with LHS. The clinical and histopathologic features of LHS are presented and important differential diagnoses are discussed.

Triphasic dynamic enhanced computed tomography (CT) scans were acquired to identify cholesterol and adenomatous gallbladder (GB) polyps that were inaccurately diagnosed before surgery.

To evaluate the CT findings of 1.0- to 2.0-cm GB polyps for differentiating between cholesterol and adenomatous polyps.

Fifty-two patients with GB polyps were treated surgically from December 2017 to July 2020 and were retrospectively divided into 2 groups according to the postoperative pathologic results a cholesterol group with 30 patients and an adenomatous group with 22 patients. Unenhanced and triphasic dynamic enhanced CT scans were performed for all the patients within 2weeks before surgery. The CT image parameters were measured and analyzed by 2 senior radiologists blinded to the pathological diagnoses.

Of the 22 patients in the adenomatous group, 77.3% were female and 22.7% were male, with a mean age of 53.5years; among the 30 patients in the cholesterol group, 66.7% were female and 33.3% were male, with a medifrom triphasic dynamic enhanced CT scans can differentiate the nature of gallbladder polypoid lesions, with the ∆CT values having the highest sensitivity and specificity.

Various underlying diseases can lead to apointed foot in children and adults. If the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles are structurally shortened, various surgical procedures are available to correct this malposition. Apreferred method for restoring anormal dorsiflexion of the upper ankle joint is percutaneous achillotentomy according to Hoke. Consideration of the physiological-anatomical torsion of the Achilles tendon as it corresponds to the White technique and is recommended by some authors shows in our experience no advantages. In the present work, we show amodified, likewise minimally invasive form of this surgical method with which immediate full weight-bearing of the affected lower extremity is possible from postoperative day1.

All clinically relevant structural pointed foot, for primary and/or for revision treatment.

Infection in the area of the operation.

No tourniquet, 3incisions with the 15 mm knife (1)medial distal at the transition from the Achilles tendon to the calcaneus, (2)medial proxi of the cases.

To investigate the effect of a tooth whitening agent on surface roughness, surface hardness, and force delivery properties of polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) thermoplastic retainer materials of two different thicknesses.

PETG sheets (1 mm and 1.5 mm) were thermoformed over a30 × 60 × 10 mm

rectangular stone model. Surface hardness, surface roughness, and results of athree-point bending test were evaluated before and after treatment (5 h daily for 14days) with a 15% carbamide peroxide home bleaching agent. Data were analyzed using an independent sample t‑test.

Exposure of PETG specimens to the bleaching agent for 14days significantly reduced surface hardness and increased surface roughness of samples of both thicknesses. The magnitude of force at different deflection points decreased significantly in the 1.5 mm thickness specimens treated with the bleaching agent, but no significant change was observed in the specimens with 1 mm thickness.

Use of ahome bleaching agent could have adverse effects on surface roughness and hardness of PETG materials leading to reduced survival time of thermoplastic orthodontic retainers.