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ese data suggest tsDCS condition did not influence cycling performance or perception of effort during high-intensity cycling. Therefore, thoracic spine and lower abdominal montage delivering a current density of 0.071 mA·cm-2 for 20 minutes likely does not substantially improve high-intensity cycling work capacity. Therefore, more research is needed to investigate the efficacy of tsDCS and which stimulation methods may and may not enhance human performance.Teixeira, EL, Painelli, VdS, Schoenfeld, BJ, Silva-Batista, C, Longo, AR, Aihara, AY, Cardoso, FN, Peres, BdA, and Tricoli, V. Perceptual and neuromuscular responses adapt similarly between high-load resistance training and low-load resistance training with blood flow restriction. J Strength Cond Res XX(X) 000-000, 2020-This study compared the effects of 8 weeks of low-load resistance training with blood flow restriction (LL-BFR) and high-load resistance training (HL-RT) on perceptual responses (rating of perceived exertion [RPE] and pain), quadriceps cross-sectional area (QCSA), and muscle strength (1 repetition maximum [RM]). Sixteen physically active men trained twice per week, for 8 weeks. One leg performed LL-BFR (3 sets of 15 repetitions, 20% 1RM), whereas the contralateral leg performed HL-RT (3 sets of 8 repetitions, 70% 1RM). Rating of perceived exertion and pain were evaluated immediately after the first and last training sessions, whereas QCSA and 1RM were assessed at baseline and after training. R-RT despite similar increases in muscle hypertrophy between conditions.Guilherme, JPLF, Semenova, EA, Borisov, OV, Kostryukova, ES, Vepkhvadze, TF, Lysenko, EA, Andryushchenko, ON, Andryushchenko, LB, Lednev, EM, Larin, AK, Bondareva, EA, Generozov, EV, and Ahmetov, II. The BDNF-increasing allele is associated with increased proportion of fast-twitch muscle fibers, handgrip strength, and power athlete status. J Strength Cond Res XX(X) 000-000, 2020-The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is involved in neurogenesis and formation of regenerated myofibers following injury or damage. A recent study suggested that the BDNF overexpression increases the proportion of fast-twitch muscle fibers, while the BDNF deletion promotes a fast-to-slow transition. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between the BDNF gene rs10501089 polymorphism (associated with blood BDNF levels), muscle fiber composition, and power athlete status. Muscle fiber composition was determined in 164 physically active individuals (113 men, 51 women). BDNF genotype and allele frequencies were een the AA/AG genotypes and power athlete status.

González-Hernández, JM, García-Ramos, A, Colomer-Poveda, D, Tvarijonaviciute, A, Cerón, J, Jiménez-Reyes, P, and Márquez, G. Resistance training to failure vs. not to failure acute and delayed markers of mechanical, neuromuscular, and biochemical fatigue. J Strength Cond Res 35(4) 886-893, 2021-This study aimed to compare acute and delayed markers of mechanical, neuromuscular, and biochemical fatigue between resistance training sessions leading to or not to failure. Twelve resistance-trained men completed 2 sessions that consisted of 6 sets of the full-squat exercise performed against the 10 repetitions maximum load. In a randomized order, in one session the sets were performed to failure and in the other session the sets were not performed to failure (5 repetitions per set). Mechanical fatigue was quantified through the recording of the mean velocity during all repetitions. The neuromuscular function of the knee extensors was assessed through a maximal voluntary contraction and the twitch interpolation tec each set, and 1, 24, and 48 hours post-training. Serum creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured before training and 1, 24, and 48 hours post-training to infer muscle damage. Alpha was set at a level of 0.05. A higher velocity loss between sets was observed during the failure protocol (-21.7%) compared with the nonfailure protocol (-3.5%). The markers of peripheral fatigue were generally higher and long lasting for the failure protocol. However, the central fatigue assessed by the voluntary activation was comparable for both protocols and remained depressed up to 48 hours post-training. The concentrations of CK and AST were higher after the failure protocol revealing higher muscle damage compared with the nonfailure protocol. These results support the nonfailure protocol to reduce peripheral fatigue and muscle damage, whereas the central fatigue does not seem to be affected by the set configuration.Diniz, RCR, Tourino, FD, Lacerda, LT, Martins-Costa, HC, Lanza, MB, Lima, FV, and Chagas, MH. Does the muscle action duration induce different regional muscle hypertrophy in matched resistance training protocols? J Strength Cond Res XX(X) 000-000, 2020-The manipulation of the muscle action duration (MAD) can influence the instantaneous torque along the range of motion, which can lead to adaptations of regional muscle hypertrophy. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of matched resistance training (RT) on the knee extension machine with different MAD in the cross-sectional area (CSA) responses within the quadriceps femoris (QF) and its muscles. Forty-four subjects were allocated into a control and 3 experimental groups. For a period of 10 weeks, subjects in the experimental groups performed the training protocols that were different only by the MAD group 5c1e (5s concentric action [CON] and 1s eccentric action [ECC]; group 3c3e (3s CON and 3s ECC) and group 1c5e (1s CON and 5s ECC). Magnetic resonance imaging was performed (before and after the intervention) to determine the relative change (%) in CSA of the QF muscles along proximal (30%), middle (50%), and distal regions (70% distal of the femur). The change in CSA of the rectus femoris at the middle region are greater in 5c1e (6.8 ± 6.5%) and 1c5e (7.4 ± 6.0%) groups than 3c3e (3.4 ± 6.6%) and control groups (0.2 ± 1.8%). In addition, vastus lateralis at the distal region (5c1e = 15.9 ± 11.8%; 1c5e = 14.4 ± 10.0%) presenting greater increases in change of CSA than the others vastus only 5c1e (vastus lateralis [VI] = 5.0 ± 4.7%; vastus medialis [VM] = 4.2 ± 3.2%) and 1c5e groups (VI = 4.7 ± 3.6%; VM = 3.4 ± 3.1%). In conclusion, this study showed that matched RT protocols with different MAD resulted in different region-specific muscle hypertrophic across the individual muscles of QF.Chang, C-C, Chang, C-M, and Shih, Y-F. Kinetic chain exercise intervention improved spiking consistency and kinematics in volleyball players with Scapular Dyskinesis. J Strength Cond Res XX(X) 000-000, 2020-Scapular dyskinesis (SD) is a common problem among volleyball players with chronic shoulder pain. This randomized controlled study examined the effectiveness of kinetic chain (KC) training on neuromuscular performance of the scapula and trunk during volleyball spikes. Forty volleyball players with SD and chronic shoulder pain received 4 weeks of KC training or the conventional shoulder exercise training (CT). Shoulder pain was assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS) every week. The kinematics and muscle activation of the shoulder and upper trunk, and proprioceptive feedback magnitude (PFM) for scapular movement consistency, were recorded at the maximum shoulder flexion (T1) and ball contact (T2) during spiking tasks. The two-way repeated measures analysis of variances was used to assess the between-group differences before and after the intervention. The results showed a significant time by group interaction for the upper trunk rotation (p less then 0.001) and PFM (p = 0.03) at T2. The post-hoc test indicated that the KC group significantly increased contralateral rotation of the upper trunk (9.63 ± 4.19° vs. -4.25 ± 10.05°), and improved movement consistency (error 8.88 ± 11.52° vs. 19.73 ± 12.79°) at T2 compared with the CT group. Significant time effects were also identified for VAS, scapular upward rotation (T1 and T2), upper trunk contralateral side-bending and PFM at T1, and upper trunk contralateral rotation at T2. In conclusion, both KC and CT training would relieve shoulder pain and improve scapular and trunk movement, whereas the KC program was more effective for increasing scapular movement consistency and upper trunk rotation during volleyball spikes.

Bagheri, R, Moghadam, BH, Ashtary-Larky, D, Forbes, SC, Candow, DG, Galpin, AJ, Eskandari, M, Kreider, RB, and Wong, A. Whole egg vs. egg white ingestion during 12 weeks of resistance training in trained young males a randomized controlled trial. J Strength Cond Res 35(2) 411-419, 2021-The primary purpose was to compare the effects of whole egg ingestion and egg white ingestion during 12 weeks of resistance training (RT) on muscle cross-sectional area, body composition, muscular strength, and anaerobic power in resistance-trained young males. A secondary purpose was to examine systemic hormonal responses. Thirty resistance-trained young males were randomly assigned to one of 2 groups Whole eggs + RT (WER; n = 15) or egg whites + RT (ERT; n = 15). Whole eggs + RT ingested 3 whole eggs immediately following RT, whereas ERT ingested an isonitrogenous quantity consisting of 6 egg whites immediately following RT. Before and after 12 weeks of whole-body undulating periodized RT (3 sessions per week), knee extensodifferences in muscle mass, in resistance-trained young males. Whole eggs consumption may be preferable during RT programs geared toward the improvement of muscular strength and body fat percentage.Crang, ZL, Hewitt, A, Scott, TJ, Kelly, VG, and Johnston, RD. limertinib inhibitor Relationship between pre-season training load, match performance and match activities in professional rugby league. J Strength Cond Res XX(X) 000-000, 2020-This study aimed to establish the relationship between preseason training loads, technical match performance, and physical match activities in rugby league. Twenty-two professional rugby league players (age 24.7 ± 4.0 years; height 184.3 ± 4.7 cm; and body mass 101.1 ± 9.9 kg) participated in the study. Training loads and physical match activities were monitored using global positioning systems. Total distance (m), high-speed running distance (VT1IFT; distance covered above estimated first ventilatory threshold [≥68% of 30-15 intermittent fitness test]) and total session rating of perceived exertion from all field-based (32.5 ± 8.5) and gym-based sessions (39.1 ± 12.5) were used to quantify preseason loads. Physical match activities were measured as total and high-speed running distance relative to individual playing time, whereas technical match activities and performance scores were used to evaluate individual match performance. To examine the relationship between physical match activities, technical performance, and preseason load, Pearson's correlation coefficients were quantified for each in-season game before performing a Fisher Z Transformation. Preseason high-speed running distance was positively associated with high-speed match activities (r = 0.34-0.51), whereas negatively associated with technical performance scores (r = -0.51 to -0.35) and hit up m·min of match-play (r = -0.30 to -0.17). It seems high speed running performed in the preseason period positively influences in-season physical match activity profiles, however, are unlikely to positively impact technical match performance.