Morinschou7797

Due to the interaction of these factors on adherence to rehabilitation programs, self-management and rehabilitation completion, future research should investigate simultaneously the role of all these different aspects to individuate a specific clinical approach that might include specific screening tools to evaluate cognitive impairment and psychosocial difficulties. A timely specific evaluation, within an interdisciplinary approach, could help to implement a more individualized and personalized treatment. Copyright © 2020 Ranzini, Schiavi, Pierobon, Granata and Giardini.Human faces express emotions, informing others about their affective states. In order to measure expressions of emotion, facial Electromyography (EMG) has widely been used, requiring electrodes and technical equipment. More recently, emotion recognition software has been developed that detects emotions from video recordings of human faces. However, its validity and comparability to EMG measures is unclear. The aim of the current study was to compare the Affectiva Affdex emotion recognition software by iMotions with EMG measurements of the zygomaticus mayor and corrugator supercilii muscle, concerning its ability to identify happy, angry and neutral faces. Twenty participants imitated these facial expressions while videos and EMG were recorded. Happy and angry expressions were detected by both the software and by EMG above chance, while neutral expressions were more often falsely identified as negative by EMG compared to the software. Overall, EMG and software values correlated highly. In conclusion, Affectiva Affdex software can identify facial expressions and its results are comparable to EMG findings. Copyright © 2020 Kulke, Feyerabend and Schacht.In the Freudian theory of the psychical apparatus, the introduction from the 1920s onward of the second drive dualism appears as a major turning point. The idea of a "death drive," first expressed in Beyond the Pleasure Principle (Freud, 1920), is generally considered to be a new concept, one that represents a break with Freud's previous thinking. It has often surprised the scholars because it seemed, at first sight, difficult to reconcile with the idea of the singularity of living organisms within which the psychical functions form an integral part. Our research aims to demonstrate that the theory of the death drive does not represent a complete change in direction for Freud. It is present, in essence, in his earliest work, to the extent that the "principle of inertia" described in 1895 in A Project for a Scientific Psychology (Freud, 1895) can be seen as a precursor to the death drive. Based on a reading of Freud's early formulations of his ideas, we aim to bring to light how certain aporias that seem inherent to the concept of the death drive can be overcome if we consider them in the context of an epistemological model that draws on the paradigms of physics which were conveyed by the Helmholtz School. Namely, we can consider the idea of death drive in reference to the principle of entropy and the laws of thermodynamics. Copyright © 2020 Tran The, Ansermet, Magistretti and Ansermet.One aspect of entrepreneurship psychology also clarifies individual characteristics. Drawing from entrepreneurship psychology, the concept of a cognitive CEO has been formulated using the DAE statistical technique. The study elucidates that cognitive CEOs not only boost SME performance but also invigorate CSR activity. Data for listed SMEs for the years 2016-2018 are analyzed through the panel regression technique. Significantly, the study demonstrates that CEO age is positively interlinked with the growth and CSR activity of the firm. Moreover, the empirical underpinning of the results also reveals that state-owned enterprises and firms with high total assets prefer cognitive CEOs, who accelerate the firm's value and invigorate CSR activity. The number of independent directors is analyzed as a moderator and is concluded to be an intensifier for both SME growth and CSR activity. Finally, 2SLS instrumental panel regression is used to validate the veracity of the empirical results. Copyright © 2020 Li, Hang, Shah, Akram and Ozturk.Background This secondary data analysis seeks to replicate and extend findings that early response to treatment in adolescent bulimia nervosa (BN) predicts outcome, resulting in earlier identification of patients who might need a different treatment approach. Methods Participants were 71 adolescents (M ± SD 15.69 ± 1.55 years; 93% female; 75% non-Hispanic) with a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM-IV) diagnosis of BN or partial BN enrolled in a two-site treatment study. Participants were randomized to cognitive behavioral therapy for adolescents (CBT-A), family-based treatment for BN (FBT-BN), or supportive psychotherapy (SPT). The Eating Disorder Examination was administered at baseline, end-of-treatment (EOT), 6-month, and 12-month follow-up. Binge eating and purge symptoms were self-reported at each session. Outcome was defined as abstinence of binge eating and compensatory behaviors (self-induced vomiting, laxative use, diet pills, diuretics, compensatory exercise, fasr in FBT-BN than SPT. Conclusion Reductions in binge eating and purge symptoms early in adolescent BN treatment suggest better outcome, regardless of treatment modality. Additional research with larger samples is needed to better understand which treatments, if any, contribute to earlier change in BN symptoms and/or likelihood of improved patient response. Copyright © 2020 Matheson, Gorrell, Bohon, Agras, Le Grange and Lock.Background Patients with eating disorders (EDs) engage in different self-inflicted at-risk behaviors, including suicide, attempted suicide and non-suicidal self-injury. Our aim was to describe the occurrence and underlying motivations of non-suicidal extreme risk-taking behaviors in patients with EDs. Methods Four cases from different treatment centers in Israel were analyzed. Results All patients were females hospitalized in inpatient settings because of long lasting anorexia nervosa (AN) with either binge/purge or purging episodes (AN-B/P/AN-P), including in most cases both self-induced voting and laxative abuse. Case [1] was an adolescent also diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. She abused insulin, both omission and overdose, was highly suicidal, and suffered from comorbid oppositional behavior, depression and anxiety. Case [2] was a 24-years old woman, transitioning from restricting to AN with vomiting and laxative use during inpatient treatment. She was also diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactal vulnerabilities. Different motivations were found for these extreme behaviors in addition to ED-related factors, mostly not related to suicide. The severity of the medical and psychological condition required multimodal medical and psychological inpatient interventions. The patients mostly did not comply with their treatment, showing considerable indifference to their grave medical condition. Copyright © 2020 Stein, Keller, Ifergan, Shilton, Toledano, Pelleg and Witztum.Background Test anxiety is common in university students. Demanding schedules may contribute to the relatively low utilization of professional counseling, when compared to other anxiety disorders. A possible solution could be a psychotherapeutic short-term intervention. The present exploratory study implemented a short-term psychotherapeutic treatment, consisting of two imagery rescripting (IR) sessions. The efficacy of IR techniques has already been demonstrated in the treatment of various anxiety disorders including test anxiety. Methods Nine students suffering from test anxiety (m = 3, f = 6) underwent two weekly applied sessions of IR. Outcome variables were examined one week prior to (t1), immediately after (t2) and three months after (t3) the intervention, using self-evaluation questionnaires on test anxiety (PAF), depressive symptoms (BDI II), life satisfaction (FLZ), general self-efficacy and study-specific self-efficacy (WIRKALL; WIRK_STUD), intrusiveness of mental images (IFES), and change and acceptance (VEV; ZUF; BFTB). Results There were no dropouts. According to results from ZUF and BFTB, the participants where highly satisfied with the intervention. PAF scores decreased significantly over time (t1 to t3), whereas WIRKALL scores (t1 to t3) and WIRK_STUD scores (t1 to t3 and t2 to t3) increased significantly. IFES scores decreased immediately after the intervention (t1 compared to t2) and further after the follow-up (t1 to t3). No changes in BDI-II scores were observed. Discussion The findings indicate a high acceptance and efficacy of the two-session IR-intervention. Limits are the lack of a control group, and the small sample size. Further evaluation in future controlled studies is needed. Copyright © 2020 Maier, Schaitz, Kröner, Connemann and Sosic-Vasic.Methylphenidate (MPH) improves behavioral symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Its effects on sleep, however, are insufficiently known, as trials with MPH in medication-naive children were so far restricted to relatively short trial durations. β-Nicotinamide in vivo Here, we assessed effects of prolonged MPH treatment on sleep in medication-naive boys in a 16-weeks double-blind, placebo controlled, multicenter clinical trial with immediate-release MPH (ePOD-MPH trial, NTR3103). Seventy-five medication-naive boys, aged 10-12 years, were screened for eligibility using ADHD DSM-IV criteria. Sleep was assessed using actigraphy, diaries and questionnaires prior to randomization, in week 8, and 1 week after trial end. Fifty boys (mean age 11.4y, SD 0.9) were randomized to MPH or placebo. Linear mixed model analysis demonstrated a significant time-by-treatment interaction effect (p = 0.007) on sleep efficiency. Post-hoc analyses demonstrated that the two groups did not differ from each other (p = 0.94) during treatouziane, Stoffelsen, Lucassen, Van Someren, Rijsman and Reneman.Background The risk and protective factors of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and its prevalence as well as incidence among old adult in Chinese community are still unclear. Methods We carried out this 1-year longitudinal study to survey a random sample of 3,246 community elders aged 60 and over in China. All subjects were required to complete a comprehensive clinical assessment, physical examination and several neuropsychological tests at baseline and follow-up. What's more, we also collected their lifestyle information by a standardized questionnaire. Results We found that the prevalence of aMCI was 17.1%, while the incidence of aMCI among Chinese old adult was 70.57 per 1,000 person-years. By using Cox regression analysis, we found that male sex (p = 0.001, OR = 0.489, 95%CI 0.319~0.751) and reading (p = 0.023, OR = 0.533, 95%CI 0.310~0.917) were protective factors for against aMCI. Old adult who developed aMCI in the future showed multiple cognitive impairments (such as immediate memory, associative learning memory and executive function) in their early stage, and Wechsler's Block Design (p = 0.027, OR = 0.969, 95%CL 0.943~0.996) could predict whether subjects would turn into aMCI in the future. Conclusions The present study suggests that aMCI is a considerable health problem in China. Executive dysfunction may be an indicator of future development of aMCI in the old normal adult. Copyright © 2020 Li, Sun and Xiao.