Munksgaarddoyle1514

Oxidative [3+3] cycloaddition offers an efficient route for 6-membered ring formation. This approach has been realized based on electrochemical oxidative coupling of indoles/enamines with active methylene compounds followed by tandem 6π-electrocyclization leading to the synthesis of dihydropyrano[4,3-b]indoles and 2,3-dihydrofurans. The radical-radical cross-coupling of the corresponding radical species by anodic oxidation combined with cathodic generation of the base from O 2 allows mild reaction conditions for the synthesis of the structurally complex heterocycles. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Here we report a strategy for the synthesis of  crystalline porous c ovalent organic frameworks via  t opology-templated polymerization. The template is based on imine-linked frameworks and their (001) facet s  seed the C=C bond formation  reaction to constitute 2D  sp 2  carbon-conjugated frameworks. This strategy  is applicable to  templates  with  different topologies, enables designed synthesis of frameworks that cannot be prepared via direct polymerization, and creates a series of sp 2  carbon frameworks with tetragonal, hexagonal, and kagome topologies. The   sp 2  carbon frameworks are highly luminescent even in the solid state and  exhibit  topology  dependent  π transmission and exciton migration ; these key fundamental π functions are unique to  sp 2  carbon-conjugated frameworks and  c annot be accessible by imine-linked frameworks, amorphous analogues, and 1D conjugated polymers. These results  demonstrate an unprecedented strategy for structural and functional designs of covalent organic frameworks. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Autumnal leaf senescence signals the end of photosynthetic activities in temperate deciduous trees and consequently exerts a strong control on various ecological processes. Predicting leaf senescence dates (LSD) with high accuracy is thus a prerequisite for better understanding the climate-ecosystem interactions. However, modeling LSD at large spatial and temporal scales is challenging. In this study, first, we used 19962 site-year records (848 sites and 4 deciduous tree species) from the PAN European Phenology network to calibrate and evaluate six leaf senescence models during the period 1980-2013. Second, we extended the spatial analysis by repeating the procedure across Europe using satellite-derived end of growing season (EOS) and a forest map. Overall, we found that models that considered photoperiod and temperature interactions outperformed model using simple temperature or photoperiod thresholds for Betula pendula, Fagus sylvatica and Quercus robur. On the contrary, no model displayed reasonable predictions for Aesculus hippocastanum. This inter-model comparison indicates that, contrary to expectation, photoperiod does not significantly modulate the accumulation of Cooling Degree Days (CDD). On the other hand, considering the carryover effect of leaf unfolding date could promote the models' predictability. The CDD models generally matched the observed LSD at species level and its interannual variation, but were limited in explaining the inter-sites variations, indicating that other environmental cues need to be considered in future model development. The discrepancies remaining between model simulations and observations highlight the need of manipulation studies to elucidate the mechanisms behind the leaf senescence process and to make current models more realistic. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.A majority of infant and pediatric leukemias are caused by the mixed-lineage leukemia gene (MLL) fused with a variety of candidates. Several underlying mechanisms have been proposed. One currently popular view is that truncated MLL1 fusion and its associated complex constitutively hijacks super elongation complex, including positive transcription elongation factor b, CDK9, and cyclin T1 complex and DOT1L, to enhance the expression of transcription factors that maintain or restore stemness of leukocytes, as well as prevent the differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells. An alternative emerging view proposes that MLL1-fusion promotes the recruitment of TATA binding protein and RNA polymerase II (Pol II) initiation complex, so as to increase the expression levels of target genes. The fundamental mechanism of both theories are gain of function for truncated MLL1 fusions, either through Pol II elongation or initiation. Our recent progress in transcription regulation of paused Pol II through JMJD5, JMJD6, and JMJD7, combined with the repressive role of H3K4me3 revealed by others, prompted us to introduce a contrarian hypothesis the failure to shut down transcribing units by MLL-fusions triggers the transformation loss of function of truncated MLL1 fusions coupled with the loss of conversion of H3K4me1 to H3K4me3, leading to the constitutive expression of transcription factors that are in charge of maintenance of hematopoietic progenitor cells, may trigger the transformation of normal cells into cancer cells. Following this track, a potential treatment to eliminate these fusion proteins, which may ultimately cure the disease, is proposed. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.An unprecedented photo-promoted skeletal rearrangement reaction of phosphine-borane frustrated Lewis pairs, o -(borylaryl)phosphines, involving cleavage of an unstrained sp 2 C-sp 3 C σ-bond is reported. The reaction realizes an efficient synthesis of cyclic phosphonium-borate compounds. The reaction mechanism via a boranorcaradiene intermediate is proposed based on theoretical calculations. This work sheds light on the new photoreactivity of phosphine-borane FLPs. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.BACKGROUND In standard analytical conditions, an isolation step is essential for circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis. The necessity of this step becomes unclear with the development of highly sensitive detection methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate ctDNA mimetic nDNA detection as reference materials (RMs) using dPCR technologies either directly from serum or without serum. METHODS To determine an absolute count of both mutation and wild-type bearing DNA molecules, genomic DNA (gDNA) and nucleosomal DNA (nDNA), which are similar in size to cell-free DNA, were evaluated. We tested 3 KRAS mutations in colorectal cancer cell lines. RESULTS We describe the recent progress in RMs. The short DNA fragments, such as sDNA and nDNA, exhibited higher quantitative values of dPCR compared to gDNA. The efficiency between Atlantis dsDNase (AD) and Micrococcal Nuclease (MN) affects DNA quantification. Moreover, there was a significant difference in dPCR output when spiking gDNA or nDNA containing KRAS mutations into FBS compared to the dPCR output under non-FBS conditions. CONCLUSION The matrix effect crucially affects the accuracy of gDNA and nDNA level estimation in the direct detection of mimic of patient samples. The form of reference material we proposed should be optimized for various conditions to develop reference materials that can accurately measure copy number and verify the detection of KRAS mutations in the matrix. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.BACKGROUND The long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been involved in various processes, including cancer. However, the function of many lncRNAs is still elusive in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). METHODS LncRNA profiling was used to screen for novel lncRNAs related to TNBC. OLBC15 expression was measured via qRT-PCR. In vitro migration and viability assays were conducted to determine the oncogenic role of OLBC15. Xenograft and metastatic models were performed to further investigate effects in vivo. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), mass spectrometry (MS), and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) strategies were designed to identify the interaction between ZNF326 and OLBC15. RESULTS In the current study, we have identified a novel oncogenic lncRNA termed OLBC15 via lncRNA profiling. OLBC15 is highly expressed especially in triple-negative breast cancer. OLBC15 promoted viability and migration in breast cancer cells. Moreover, OLBC15 could accelerate metastasis and xenograft tumor growth. Mechanistic study suggested that OLBC15 could bind a well-characterized tumor suppressor ZNF326 and OLBC15-ZNF326 interaction resulted in ZNF326 destabilization. OLBC15 induced proteasomal ZNF326 degradation through enhanced ubiquitination. OLBC15 and ZNF326 protein expression is also negatively correlated in clinical specimens. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, OLBC15 may serve as an oncogenic lncRNA to facilitate TNBC progression and a putative target for therapeutic anti-breast cancer intervention. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The current COVID-19 pandemic influences many areas of social life, medical treatments and the way allergy is performed. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is one of the most important treatment options for IgE-mediated allergies and is based on immunological effects on the diseased patient. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.OBJECTIVES Poor fetal growth is one of the most important findings on an obstetric ultrasound (US) examination. First-trimester US is the most accurate means for dating pregnancies; however, dating based on last menstrual period remains the standard for determining gestational age. Discrepancies between menstrual and US dating can lead to the overdiagnosis of in utero growth restriction (IUGR). This article will demonstrate that as long as the fetal growth falls along a curve that parallels normal growth curves, appropriate growth has occurred regardless of the gestational age and weight percentile that has been assigned to the fetus. METHODS Following Institutional Review Board approval (HSD-00002969), 860 third-trimester fetal US examinations were retrospectively evaluated from January 1 through July 1, 2017, to determine whether they had normal growth curves. Outcome data on all cases were obtained from review of the medical records. RESULTS Of 216 fetuses (25%) suspected of IUGR based on a weight below the 10th percentile, 6 developed true IUGR 5 that led to emergent delivery of fetuses weighing less than a 1000 g and 1 in utero fetal demise. AZD9291 The remaining 210 fetuses all had normal outcomes. CONCLUSIONS As long as the fetal growth falls along a curve that parallels normal growth curves, appropriate growth has occurred regardless of the gestational age and weight percentile that has been assigned to the fetus. © 2020 by the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine.BACKGROUND Prolonged PR interval (PRi) is associated with adverse outcomes. However, PRi determinants are poorly known. We aimed to identify the clinical determinants of the PRi duration in the general population. HYPOTHESIS Some clinical data are associated with prolonged PRi. METHODS Cross-sectional study conducted between 2014 and 2017. Electrocardiogram-derived PRi duration was categorized into normal or prolonged (>200 ms). Determinants were identified using stepwise logistic regression, and results were expressed as multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval). A further analysis was performed adjusting for antiarrhythmic drugs, P-wave contribution to PRi duration, electrolytes (kalemia, calcemia, and magnesemia), and history of cardiovascular disease. RESULTS Overall, 3655 participants with measurable PRi duration were included (55.6% females; mean age 62 ± 10 years), and 330 (9.0%) had prolonged PRi. Stepwise logistic regression identified male sex (OR 1.41 [1.02-1.97]); aging (65-74 years OR 2.