Caldwellkrogh1916

RESULTS Data from 16 individuals were analyzed. In the glucose solution group, the antral cross-sectional area and logarithms of gastric fluid volume returned to baseline at 30 minutes after ingestion. However, in the carbohydrate-rich drink group, the median [interquartile range; range] antral cross-sectional area (3.69 [2.64-5.15; 1.83-8.93] cm2 vs 2.41 [2.10-2.96; 1.81-4.37] cm2 , P  less then  .001) and mean (95% confidence interval) logarithms of gastric fluid volume (2.54 [2.30-2.79] mL vs 2.12 [1.94-2.30] mL, P = .048) were still higher than at 60 minutes and returned to the baseline values at 90 minutes after ingestion, respectively. The degree of thirst was lower in the glucose solution group than that in the carbohydrate-rich drink group. CONCLUSIONS Gastric emptying of carbohydrate-rich drink is slower than that of 5% glucose solution but the residual gastric fluid volume is low one hour after ingestion of 5 mL kg-1 of either fluid. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Pathophysiological understanding of gait and balance disorders in Parkinson's disease is insufficient and late recognition of fall risk limits efficacious follow-up to prevent or delay falls. We show a distinctive reduction of glucose metabolism in the left posterior parietal cortex, with increased metabolic activity in the cerebellum, in parkinsonian patients 6-8 months before their first fall episode. Falls in Parkinson's disease may arise from altered cortical processing of body spatial orientation, possibly predicted by abnormal cortical metabolism. © 2020 The Authors. Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc on behalf of American Neurological Association.Cerebrovascular endothelial cells (CECs) are integral components of both the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the neurovascular unit (NVU). As the primary cell type of the BBB, CECs are responsible for the tight regulation of molecular transport between the brain parenchyma and the periphery. Additionally, CECs are essential in neurovascular coupling where they help regulate cerebral blood flow in response to regional increases in cellular demand in the NVU. CEC dysfunction occurs during both normative ageing and in cerebrovascular disease, which leads to increased BBB permeability and neurovascular uncoupling. This MiniReview compiles what is known about the molecular changes underlying CEC dysfunction, many of which are reminiscent of cells that have become senescent. In general, cellular senescence is defined as an irreversible growth arrest characterized by the acquisition of a pro-inflammatory secretory phenotype in response to DNA damage or other cellular stresses. We discuss evidence for endothelial cell senescence in ageing and cardiovascular disease, and how CEC senescence may contribute to age-related cerebrovascular dysfunction. © 2020 Nordic Association for the Publication of BCPT (former Nordic Pharmacological Society).OBJECTIVE To comprehensively assess the differences in outcome between open reduction and closed reduction for children and adolescents with femoral neck fractures. METHODS Based on the predetermined strategies, eligible studies were obtained by searching Embase, the Cochrane Library, and PubMed databases (retrieval time June 2018) and through manual retrieval for paper documents. The 95% confidence intervals (CI) and risk ratios (RR) were used as evaluation indexes. Moreover, the results of avascular necrosis, coxa vara, or non-union were compared between open reduction and closed reduction under random or fixed effects models. After sensitivity analysis was carried out, publication bias was evaluated for the eligible studies using Egger's test. RESULTS Six studies were included in our meta-analysis. No significant heterogeneity was found among the included studies (P ≥ 0.05) and, thus, the fixed effects model was used for merging the effect sizes of avascular necrosis (RR [95% CI] = 0.50 [0.26, 0.98], P = 0.04), coxa vara (RR [95% CI] = 0.16 [0.04, 0.70], P = 0.01), and non-union (RR [95% CI] = 0.22 [0.05, 0.93], P = 0.04). Sensitivity analysis suggested that the results of avascular necrosis were not stable (RR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.25 1.17, P = 0.12), while those of coxa vara and non-union were stable. There was no significant publication bias among the eligible studies (t = -0.70, P = 0.522). CONCLUSION Femoral neck fractures treated by open reduction had less adverse outcomes compared with those treated by closed reduction. © 2020 The Authors. Orthopaedic Surgery published by Chinese Orthopaedic Association and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.BACKGROUND Our previous study identified methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization as an independent risk factor for neonatal surgical site infection. Here we introduce intraoral breastmilk application (IBMA) during fasting state to prevent MRSA colonization. Selleck U0126 We aimed to evaluate both the risk factors for MRSA colonization and the efficacy of IBMA in neonatal surgical patients. METHODS A retrospective review was performed using admission data from 2007 to 2016. Neonatal patients who underwent surgery and were tested periodically for MRSA colonization were evaluated for an association between MRSA colonization and perinatal or perioperative factors. RESULTS Overall incidence of MRSA colonization for the 159 patients enrolled in this study was 16.4%. Univariate analysis showed that MRSA colonization was significantly more frequent in the following patients Down syndrome, admitted on day of birth, in need of fasting immediately after birth, not receiving IBMA. Multivariate analysis showed that comorbid Down syndrome was an independent risk factor (HR [hazard ratio] 4.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2 - 19.5, p=0.03) and implementation of IBMA was an independent preventive factor for MRSA colonization (HR 0.4; 95% CI 0.1 - 0.9, p=0.04). MRSA positive patients admitted significantly earlier and stayed longer preoperatively than MRSA negative patients. CONCLUSIONS In neonates undergoing surgery, patients with Down syndrome, early diagnosis after birth and a long waiting period before operation may be associated with MRSA colonization. IBMA may be beneficial for preventing MRSA colonization. This article is protected by copyright. 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