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Trace elements and δ15N values were analysed in micronekton (crustaceans, fishes and squids) sampled in the south-western Indian Ocean. Myctophids were associated with high concentrations of arsenic at La Pérouse and MAD-Ridge seamounts, and with lead and manganese at MAD-Ridge and in the Mozambique Channel. The difference in cadmium, copper and zinc concentrations between micronekton broad categories reflected differing metabolic and storage processes. When significant, negative relationships were found between micronekton body size and trace element concentrations, which can possibly be attributed to differing metabolic activity in young and old individuals, dietary shifts and/or dilution effect of growth. No relationships were found between trace element concentrations and δ15N values of micronekton (except cobalt which decreased with increasing δ15N values), since most trace elements are not biomagnified in food webs due to regulation and excretion processes within organisms. All trace element pairs were positively correlated in fishes suggesting regulation processes.

No nomogram exists to predict maximum achievable neovaginal depth before penile inversion vaginoplasty (PIV) based on available penile & scrotal skin (SS). Maximal depth is important to patients and is determined by available skin and available anatomic space within the pelvis and varies with surgical technique.

We endeavored to create a nomogram to predict expected postoperative vaginal depth.

Retrospective review of all patients undergoing primary PIV at a single institution from June 2017 to February 2020 (n=60). Pre-op Dorsal penile and midline scrotal skin length were measured. Intra-op Tubularized scrotal skin length measured on a dilator. Immediate post-op Final vaginal depth measured with a dilator.

The amount of available penile and scrotal skin was not associated with vaginal depth. The only variable that did significantly increase depth was the use of penile+scrotal skin, as compared to penile skin alone. (P < .001) RESULTS In patients who underwent PIV-SS, the final vaginal depth (1x Med 2022;10100569.Teduglutide, the active ingredient of the medicine Revestive® (5 mg), is a recombinant therapeutic peptide that mimics the effects of the endogenous glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2). It stimulates intestinal growth, adaptation and function in patients with Short Bowel Syndrome who are dependent on parenteral nutrition. The Summary of Product Characteristics recommends immediate use of the reconstituted solutions and the discarding of any subsequent surplus. This study aims to carry out a long-term stability study that reproduces hospital conditions of use which provide sound evidence regarding the use of teduglutide surplus beyond the Summary Product Characteristics recommendations. We conducted a stability study of teduglutide solutions prepared from a 5 mg vial of Revestive®. Some of the solutions were stored in their original vial after reconstitution, while others were repackaged in plastic syringes to evaluate their physicochemical stability over time. For this purpose, we applied a set of previously validated analytical methodologies to evaluate the main critical quality attributes of teduglutide, i.e., primary (including post-tralational modifications), secondary and tertiary structures, aggregates, particulate, concentration and pH. The results indicate that the solutions maintain high physicochemical stability over time, regardless of the storage temperature (4ºC or -20ºC) or the storage container (vials or syringes). This research provides new data on the stability of Revestive® that will be of great value to hospital pharmacists. This comprehensive assessment of the physicochemical long-term stability of TGT has demonstrated that under the storage conditions and over the period studied here, the medicine maintains its quality, efficacy and safety profiles.Despite the health benefits of β-carotene, its activity has been hampered by poor aqueous solubility and low oral bioavailability. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a new approach to overcome these problems. In this study, we developed a dry powder supplement comprising a combination approach of solid dispersion and floating gel in situ of β-carotene to enhance the solubility and achieve sustained release behavior. Here, we validated an HPLC method to quantify β-carotene as per the guidelines from ICH. The analytical method was validated in methanol and Fasted-State Simulated Gastric Fluid (FaSSGF) to determine β-carotene in recovery and in vitro release studies, respectively. A simple HPLC method using Xselect CSH™ C18 column (Waters, 3.0 × 150 mm) with the particle size of 3.5 µm was validated with 100% acetonitrile as the mobile phase. The calibration curves were found to be linear with LLOQ values less then 3 ng/mL. Importantly, the method was accurate and precise without a carry over effect and successfully applied to determine the β-carotene concentration in the content analysis of the compound and in vitro drug release from floating gel in situ laden with solid dispersion formulations. The sensitivity of the method obtained here offers a wide potential use in various applications in drug delivery systems.Modern therapy strategies are based on patient-specific treatment where the drug and dose are optimally adapted to the patient's needs. In recent drugs, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are increasingly used as active ingredients. Their patient-specific formulations are not part of the pharmaceutical industry's manufacturing process but are prepared from concentrates by pharmaceutical personnel. During the manufacturing process, however, active pharmaceutical ingredients are released in trace amounts or, in the case of accidents and spills, also in high concentrations. Regardless of the source of entry, mAbs can become airborne, be inhaled, and cause undesirable side-effects such as sensitization. To assess the risk for pharmaceutical personnel, a personal air sampling method was developed and validated for bevacizumab, cetuximab, daratumumab, omalizumab, rituximab and trastuzumab. selleck products The method is based on the combination of high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The analytical method achieves a limit of detection of 0.30-8.8 ng mL-1, recoveries of 83-96 % (intra-day assay) and 75-89 % (inter-day assay), with no detectable carry-over. A polycarbonate filter proved suitable for sampling airborne monoclonal antibodies, as it achieved 80-104 % recovery across all mAbs. It also showed concentration-independent desorption efficiency. The sampling duration can be up to 480 min without negatively affecting the recovery. MAbs are stable on the polycarbonate filter at 5 °C for 3 days (recovery 94 % ± 5 %) and at - 20 °C for 14 days (recovery 97 % ± 4 %). Our method demonstrated that there is a potential for release when handling monoclonal antibodies. However, this can be reduced below the limit of detection by using pressure equalization systems (spikes).The outstanding electronic properties of carbon black (CB) and its economic advantages have fueled its application as nanostructured electrode material for the development of new electrochemical sensors and biosensors. CB-based electrochemical sensing devices have been found to exhibit high surface area, fast charge transfer kinetics, and excellent functionalization. In the present work, we set forth a comprehensive review of the recent advances made in the development and application of CB-based electrochemical devices for pharmaceutical and biomedical analyses - from quantitative monitoring of drug formulations to clinical diagnoses - and the underlying challenges and constraints that need to be overcome. We also present a thorough discussion about the strategies and techniques employed in the development of new electrochemical sensing platforms and in the enhancement of their analytical properties and biocompatibility for anchoring active biomolecules, as well as the combination of these sensing devices with other materials aiming at boosting the performance and efficiency of the sensors.The Allan-Herndon Dudley Syndrome (AHDS) is a rare disease caused by the progressive loss of monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8). In patients with AHDS, the absence of MCT8 impairs transport of thyroid hormones (TH) through the blood brain barrier, leading to a central state of TH deficiency. In mice, the AHDS is mimicked by simultaneous deletion of the TH transporters MCT8 and the solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1c1 (OATP1C1). To support preclinical mouse studies, an analytical methodology was developed and successfully applied for quantifying selected thyroid hormones in mouse whole brain and in specific regions using liquid chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). An important requirement for the methodology was its high sensitivity since a very low concentration of THs was expected in MCT8/OATP1C1 double-knockout (dko) mouse brain. Seven THs were targeted L-thyroxine (T4), 3,3´,5-triiodo-L-thyronine-thyronine (T3), 3,3´,5´-triiodo-L-thyronine-thyronine (rT3), 3,3´-diiodofour distinct thyroid hormones (T4, T3, rT3 and 3,3´-T2) in only approximately 100 mg of mouse brain were detected; (ii) the quantification of T4 and T3 for the first time in distinct mouse brain regions were reported. Further, application of our method to MCT8/OATP1C1 dko mice revealed the expected, relative lack of T3 and T4 uptake into the brain, and confirmed the utility of our analytical method to study TH transport across the blood brain barrier in a preclinical model of central TH deficiency.

Androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) historically represented the milestone for the treatment of metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). Recently, combining androgen receptor-targeted agents (ARTA) or docetaxel with ADT significantly improved clinical outcomes in this setting. The efficacy of the combined use of an ARTA with docetaxel and ADT (triplet), however, was unknown, and often conflicting data derived from subgroup analysis of randomized phase III trials. In order to better define the benefits and risks of the triplet in mHSPC, we carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of available clinical trials.

A literature search with no data restriction using Medline/PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and American Society of Clinical Oncology/European Society for Medical Oncology (ASCO/ESMO) Meeting abstracts was carried out up to April 2022. The meta-analysis was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statements. Overall survivalxel and ADT in mHSPC patients. Given the availability of several strategies in this setting, clinical characteristics and drug safety profile may help clinicians select the appropriate treatment for mHSPC patients who are more likely to benefit from treatment intensification.

Emerging evidence supports the combination of an ARTA plus docetaxel and ADT in mHSPC patients. Given the availability of several strategies in this setting, clinical characteristics and drug safety profile may help clinicians select the appropriate treatment for mHSPC patients who are more likely to benefit from treatment intensification.