Cobbthomsen8843

The occurrence and the activity of N. littoralis should be considered to avoid misinterpretation and errors in estimating PMI in forensic investigation.Antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli have become an ever increasing problem in human, and animal health and production. The imprudent use of antibiotics and poor hygienic practices especially in poultry industries have been contributing to the emergence and spread of E. coli species resistant to broad spectrum antibiotics including Colistin. This study was conducted to detect colistin - resistance and antibiotic sensitivity patterns in E. coli isolated from broiler chickens in Kelantan. A total of 320 cloacal swabs were collected from apparently healthy broiler chickens in different districts of Kelantan and were analysed using routine microbiological methods, Kirby-Bauer method for antimicrobial susceptibility test and PCR amplification of species-specific and colistin - resistance encoding genes. Out of the 320 samples, 91 isolates were confirmed as E. coli and 21/91 (23.08%) were positive for colistin - resistant encoding gene, mcr-1. Most of the isolates were resistant to tetracycline (95.24%), chloramphenicol (85.71%), and sulphamethoxazole/ trimethoprim (85.71%). However, the isolates were less resistant towards piperacillin/ tazobactam (4.76%) and meropenem (9.52%). The findings from this study reveal the emerging threats of colistin - resistant in local food animal production, particularly in poultry production industry. However, more comprehensive, and large-scale studies focusing on more resistance patterns using determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), virulence and resistance characteristics and molecular epidemiology of colistin - resistant E. coli are recommended for better understanding of the epidemiology and to implement the appropriate control and prevention strategies.Birds are known to be the most mobile hosts and are therefore considered to be hosts with potential to contribute to the long-distance spread and transmission of tick-borne pathogens. In the present study, ticks were collected from a hornbill nest at Chaiyaphum Province, Thailand. They were screened for the presence of Coxiella bacteria using conventional PCR. The evolutionary relationships of positive Coxiella-like bacteria (CLB) were analysed based on the gene sequences of 16S rRNA, groEL and rpoB. Among all 22 tested ticks, CLB infections were found in 2 Haemaphysalis wellingtoni individuals. In a phylogenetic analysis, the Coxiella 16S rRNA gene detected in this study formed a separate clade from sequences found in ticks of the same genus. In contrast, the phylogenetic relationships based on groEL and rpoB revealed that these two genes from H. wellingtoni ticks grouped with CLB from the same tick genus (Haemaphysalis). This study is the first to report the presence of CLB in H. wellingtoni ticks associated with the Great Hornbill, Buceros bicornis in Thailand. Three genes of CLB studied herein were grouped separately with Coxiella burnetii (pathogenic strain). The effects of CLB in the ticks and Buceros bicornis require further investigation.Plants are alternative source of natural medicines due to secondary active metabolites. Fagonia cretica extracts and Gradient High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography fractionations were checked against multidrug-resistant gastrointestinal pathogens including, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli and Shigella flexneri. ESI-MS/MS analysis of bioactive HPLC fractions was performed to elucidate antibacterial compounds. F. cretica extracts exhibited potential antibacterial activity. Twenty-four (24) HPLC fractions were obtained from methanol, ethanol and aqueous extracts of F. cretica. Eighteen (18) fractions showed antibacterial activity, while no activity was observed by the remaining six (6) fractions. HPLC fractions, F1 (25g ± 0.20 mm) and F2 (15f ± 0.12 mm) of aqueous extract exhibited activity against multidrug resistant GI pathogens. Gallic acid, quinic acid, cyclo-l-leu-l-pro, vidalenolone, liquirtigenin, rosmarinic acid and cerebronic acid were identified in F1 fraction of aqueous extract, while succinic acid, cyclo (l-Leul-Pro) and liquirtigenin were identified in F2 fraction of aqueous extract through ESI-MS/MS analysis. selleck inhibitor F. cretica extracts and HPLC fractions showed potential activity against MDR GI pathogens. Vidalenolone, Cyclo-1-leu-1-pro and Cerebronic acid are first time reported in F. cretica. Further characterization of bioactive compounds from F. cretica may be helpful to elucidate antibacterial therapeutic molecules.The Bornean sun bear, a subspecies of the endangered Malayan sun bear, resides only on Borneo Island and little is known about diseases or parasites that may impact their health. In 2019, blood and ticks were collected from 46 captive bears held at the Bornean Sun Bear Conservation Centre in Sabah, Malaysia during annual health examinations in response to previous blood smear analysis that revealed presumptive haemoparasites in more than half the resident bears. Polymerase chain reaction detected a unique Babesia sp. in one of the bears. Disease surveillance of mosquitoes trapped along the outer perimeter of the bears' outdoor enclosure did not reveal any malaria parasites. This research marks the first documented case in Bornean sun bears of both a Babesia sp. and the Ixodes tick Haemaphysalis nr koningsbergeri. More research on incriminating the vector and the effects of Babesia infection on the health of Bornean sun bears is needed. Due to the zoonotic nature of babesiosis, mitigative actions should be taken to protect any humans that work with or come into close contact with these captive bears or their enclosures.Cestode infections is widely reported in rodents, however species identification remains problematic due to the genetic or interspecies variation. Therefore, this study was aimed to verify the Cyclophyllidean parasites recovered from wild rats captured from different forest types using molecular based methods. Maximum-likelihood (ML) and neighbour-joining (NJ) trees were constructed inferred from 18 small subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (18SrDNA) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit one gene (COX1) sequences of cestode worms recovered from 124 individuals from four rat species. Sequences obtained from both Hymenolepis diminuta and Hydatigera parva represents the first records in Malaysia. All the sequences were successfully amplified with product with total length of 205 and 1202 base pairs (bp), respectively. Three cestode species from the Family Hymenolepididae (Hymenolepis diminuta) and Family Taeniidae (Hydatigera parva; Hydatigera taeniaeformis) were successfully characterized using phylogenetic analyses and haplotype networking. Phylogenetic analysis showed that H. diminuta, Hydatigera parva (Hy. parva) and Hydatigera taeniaeformis (Hy. taeniaeformis) formed its own monophyletic clade in 18SrDNA analyses. Results also showed that Hy. taeniaeformis shared the same haplotype group with Hy. taeniaeformis from China (COX1) and linked with Hy. taeniaeformis from Japan (18SrDNA) while the Malaysian H. diminuta clearly formed a separate haplotype and networked with other regions. The Malaysian Hy. parva isolation, on the other hand, appeared to be genetically distinct from the European Hy. parva (Spain) strain, but closely linked to the local isolates. Molecular methods employed successfully improved in the detection of complex species in this group. The findings showed that molecular data can be useful to deeply study intra-specific variation in other cestode worms.Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) is a highly contagious disease in poultry. The outbreaks can lead to flock mortality up to 100% in two to three days. In July 2018, high mortality in a commercial layer farm in Kauluan village, Sabah was reported. Samples were sent to Veterinary Research Institute Ipoh for diagnosis. Virus isolation and molecular detection is carried out simultaneously. The causative agent was then identified as AI H5N1 virus by real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The virus was then subjected for further nucleotide sequencing of full length hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) gene. The PQRERRRKR/GLF motif at the HA cleavage site indicated that the isolate was of HPAI virus. Phylogenetic analysis of the HA gene showed that the isolate was belonged to the clade 2.3.2.1c virus. In the HA gene, besides the S133A substitution, the virus possesses conserved amino acid at most of the avian receptor binding sites including the glutamine (Q) and glycine (G)influenza virus in the country.

Visualization of aqueous humor flow in MR contrast images using gadolinium is challenging because of the delayed contrast effects associated with the blood-retinal and blood-aqueous humor barriers. However, oxygen-17 water (H



O) might be used as an ocular contrast agent.

To observe the distribution of H



O in the human eye, and its flow in and out of the anterior chamber, using dynamic T2-weighted MRI.

Prospective.

Six ophthalmologically normal volunteers (20-37 years, six females).

A 3 T/dynamic T2-weighted MRI.

H



O eye drops were administered to the right eye. Time-series images were created by subtracting the image before the eye drops from each of the images obtained after the eye drops. The normalized signal intensity of the right anterior chamber (nAC) was obtained by dividing the signal intensity of the right anterior chamber region by that of the left. The inflow and outflow constants of H



O and H



O concentration were calculated from the nAC.

A paired t-test was used to compare the flow-related values and temporal changes in signal intensity. P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Significantly decreased signal intensity was observed in the right anterior chamber but not the right vitreous body (P=0.39). The nAC signal intensity decreased significantly and then recovered. The inflow and outflow constants were 0.36-0.94 min

and 0.023-0.13 min

, respectively. The maximum H



O concentration was 0.078%-0.24%.

H



O were distributed in the anterior chamber. The H



O inflow into the anterior chamber was significantly faster than that of the outflow.

2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE 2.

2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE 2.We report a systematic investigation on the influence of two-step post-deposition treatments (PDTs) on TiO2 buffer layers deposited by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) for emerging Sb2Se3 photovoltaics. Air annealing is a typical method for recrystallizing chemically deposited TiO2 films. However, organic residues (such as carbon species) from a precursor solution based on titanium tetraisopropoxide and acetylacetone may still remain on the TiO2 surface, therefore requiring an additional annealing step. We demonstrate that vacuum annealing can be a suitable technological approach to decrease the concentration of carbon species in TiO2 films. Vacuum annealing was performed at temperatures at 160-450 °C prior to the 450 °C air annealing step. It was found that vacuum annealing at 160 °C followed by subsequent air annealing led to better device performance. This was explained by achieving an optimal balance between the removal of carbon content during vacuum annealing and the active recrystallization of TiO2 during air annealing.