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in Thailand, there were centipede bites every month, especially during the last three months of each year. Nearly all patients had local effects. In contrast, serious complications such as anaphylaxis and systemic infection only occurred occasionally.Contamination of environmental sources such as soils, sediments and rivers and human exposure caused by several endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) are considered as the most challenging issues of today's world. EDCs cover a wide variety of compounds ranging from phthalates to parabens and bisphenols (BPs) are the leading group among them. BPs are widely used during the production of different plastic materials such as food and beverage containers, toys, medical equipment and baby bottles that we use in every aspect of our lives. BPs may migrate from those products to different media under certain conditions and this situation causes chronic exposure for humans and other creatures in the environment. Especially bisphenol A (BPA) and its other analogues such as bisphenol F, bisphenol S and tetrabromobisphenol that have similar structures and are preferred as alternatives to BPA cause harmful adverse effects such as endocrine disruption, neurotoxicity, genotoxicity and cytotoxicity. EGFR-IN-7 There are legal restrictions and prohibitions by the European Union (EU) in order to prevent possible harmful effects. Therefore, it is important to develop highly sensitive, fast, easy to use and cheap sensors for the determination of BPs in biological, environmental and commercial samples. Electrochemical sensors, which are one of the most widely, used analytical techniques, provide these conditions. Additionally, it is possible to enhance the performance of electrochemical sensors with nanomaterials, molecularly imprinted polymers or aptamer based technologies. This review aims to give comprehensive information about BPs with summarizing most recent applications of electrochemical sensors for their determination in different samples.

Tranexamic acid (TXA) is widely used across surgical specialties to reduce perioperative bleeding. It has been shown to be effective in spinal surgery and lower limb arthroplasty. Among all languages, there are no systematic reviews or meta-analyses investigating its clinical effectiveness for all types of shoulder surgery.

To investigate the clinical effectiveness of TXA in all types of shoulder surgery, including open and arthroscopic procedures. To investigate the effect of TXA on bleeding and non-bleeding-related outcomes.

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

A protocol for the study was designed and registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020185482). The literature search included the MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library databases. All randomized controlled trials evaluating the use of TXA against placebo, in all types of shoulder surgery, were included. Assessments were undertaken for risk of bias and certainty of evidence. The primary outcome was total blood loss. Secondary outcomes included h low risk of bias for specific surgical shoulder procedures are required.

TXA can be used across shoulder surgery to reduced perioperative blood loss. The use of TXA may have other beneficial features, including reduced postoperative pain and reduced operative time.

TXA can be used across shoulder surgery to reduced perioperative blood loss. The use of TXA may have other beneficial features, including reduced postoperative pain and reduced operative time.Newly available data streams from experience sampling studies and social media are providing new opportunities to study individuals' dyadic relations. The "one-with-many" (OWM) model (Kenny et al., 2006; Kenny & Winquist, 2001) was specifically constructed for and is used to examine features of multiple dyadic relationships that one set of focal persons (e.g., therapists, physicians) has with others (e.g., multiple clients, multiple patients). Originally, the OWM model was constructed for and applied to cross-sectional data. However, the model can be extended to accommodate and may be particularly useful for the analysis of intensive repeated measures data now being obtained through experience sampling and social media. This article (a) provides a practical tutorial on fitting the OWM model, (b) describes how the OWM model is extended for analysis of repeated measures data, and (c) illustrates application of the OWM model using reports about interpersonal behavior and benefits individuals experienced in 64,111 social interactions during 9 weeks of study (N = 150). Our presentation highlights the utility of the OWM model for examining interpersonal processes in everyday life. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).The extent to which visuocortical processing is altered when observers learn to categorize novel visual stimuli via labeling is not well understood. The present investigation used steady state visual evoked potential (ssVEP) frequency tagging to test the hypothesis that learning to categorize novel objects via labeling prompts a competitive advantage over concurrently presented stimuli. In the learning (label-training) phase, participants (n = 24) categorized objects according to two different species labels and faces according to gender. A control group (n = 26) viewed the same stimuli without label learning. Before and after learning, faces and objects were superimposed and viewed concurrently while periodically turned on and off at unique temporal rates (5/s or 6/s). The spectral power of the ssVEP at each frequency was projected to an L2 (minimum) norm estimated source space, and competition between faces and objects was compared using permutation-controlled mass univariate t tests. Results showed that, only in the training group, learning to label novel objects led to a competitive advantage over faces across a network of occipito-temporal and fronto-parietal cortical regions. These changes were more pronounced in participants showing more improvement across the label learning phase. Together, the findings support the notion that learning to label novel object categories affects neural competition though recurrent neural interactions in regions commonly associated with visual perception and selective attention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).Visual working memory interacts with ongoing visual processing in a stimulus-specific manner, potentially through a common neural substrate supporting visual perception and working memory maintenance. The spatial specificity of this effect, however, remains unknown. The current study tested whether features in working memory influence perception in a spatially specific or global fashion. Across four experiments, subjects performed perceptual discrimination tasks on orientation or on contrast while concurrently holding an orientation in working memory. Experiments 1 and 2 revealed that memory content boosted the perceived contrast of the discrimination stimulus when the two matched in orientation, but only when the locations of the memorandum and the discriminandum also matched. In turn, feature-based influence on memory precision was also greater when locations matched. Experiments 3 and 4 demonstrated that the spatial specificity of this interaction was influenced by task demands. When encoding of location was discouraged in Experiment 3, memory interacted with perception in a global fashion, whereas when location was task-relevant in otherwise very similar Experiment 4, the feature-based enhancement was again modulated by location. These results suggest that context-binding demand is an important determinant of the spatial specificity of memory-perception interaction and highlight the flexible configurability of working memory representations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).Many motor skills require rapidly choosing a movement goal and preparing a movement to that goal, such as in sports where circumstances often change quickly and many actions are possible. Humans can benefit from learning the perceptual cues that predict the requirements of movement so that the choice of a movement goal and movement preparation can occur earlier. However, there remains uncertainty about how these perceptual cues are learned. Here we investigate the use and learning of these perceptual-motor associations. First, we ask if episodic memory for associations can support learning. In Experiment 1, participants first memorized associations between symbols and movement goals. When these symbols were subsequently presented as cues, reaching movements were prepared as efficiently as if the goals themselves were previewed, without the need for additional practice. Next, we ask whether statistical learning can be used to learn the associations. In Experiment 2, participants had to learn the associations during the movement task itself. This learning enabled efficient movement preparation, and the rate of improvement scaled with the number and complexity of associations. These findings suggest that movement preparation can be facilitated by perceptual cues via statistical learning and memory recall, highlighting a potential role for learning and memory systems not conventionally implicated in motor behavior. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).Executing a response results in bindings between features of present stimuli and features of the response (Hommel et al., 2001). Repetition of any of these features can then retrieve other integrated features, thus affecting following action (binding effects). The important role of feature bindings in action control is widely recognized in the literature by now (e.g., Frings et al., 2020; Henson et al., 2014). Recently, we found that bindings can also exist between individually planned and executed responses (Moeller & Frings, 2019b), which suggests that binding processes might play a role in hierarchical action representation (see Lashley, 1951). Yet, more specific information is necessary regarding the characteristics of response-response bindings to be able to integrate binding research with research on hierarchical action representation. Here, we analyzed durations of bindings between individual responses to decide whether response-response bindings hold for sufficiently long durations to support binding of actions also on a higher level in a hierarchy. We found evidence for response-response bindings lasting for relatively long times and no measurable decrease of the magnitudes for the binding effects over 2,000, 4,000, or 6,000 ms after response integration. The present findings support the suggestion that binding mechanisms can play a role in relating low-level microoperations to high-level macroprocedures in human action control. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).Reports an error in "Discrimination, dispositions, and cardiovascular responses to stress" by Laura Smart Richman, Gary G. Bennett, Jolynn Pek, Edward C. Suarez, Ilene Siegler and Redford B. Williams Jr. (Health Psychology, 2007[Nov], Vol 26[6], 675-683). In the article (http//dx.doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.26.6.675), Edward C. Suarez was not originally included in the byline but has been added on the basis of his significant contributions to the concepts, design, data, and/or specimens analyzed in the article. The online version of this article has been corrected. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2007-16656-004.) Objective Recent research suggests that past exposure to discrimination may influence perceptions of, and physiological responses to, new challenges. The authors examined how race and trait levels of hostility and optimism interact with past exposure to discrimination to predict physiological reactivity and recovery during an anger recall task. Design A community sample of 165 normotensive Black and White adults participated in an anger recall task while having their cardiovascular function monitored.