Englandsherwood8399

This work provides an avenue to improve the f × Q product of the MEMS through an internally strained structure.Green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) was performed by mixing Hibiscus sabdariffa (roselle plant) leaf extract with the solution of selenious acid (H2SeO3) under continuous stirring conditions resulting the roselle plant secondary metabolites conjugated Se NPs. The existence of functional groups of roselle plant secondary metabolites on the surface of prepared Se NPs was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The formation of crystalline nanoparticles with anisotropic shape was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images. Furthermore, we also studied anti-oxidative and protective effects of Se NPs in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes rats. These STZ induced diabetic rats were daily exposed to Se NPs or/and insulin treatment and the effect of Se NPs on the factors correlated to oxidative damage in the rat testes were evaluated. The biochemical studies showed that the Se NPs are capable to enhance the serum testosterone reduction caused due to STZ induced diabetes. In addition, Se NPs can significantly reduce the oxidative stress indicators of the testicular tissue such as nitric oxide and lipid peroxidation. However, the treatment of Se NPs on the STZ induced diabetic rats increased the activities of antioxidant enzyme as well as the glutathione content in testicular tissues. Furthermore, microscopic studies revealed that the Se NPs are capable of preventing the histological damage in the testes of STZ induced diabetic rats. Altogether, these results explained the possible effects of Se NPs in attenuating oxidative damage induced by diabetes, especially in the testicular tissue.We propose a novel descriptor of materials, named 'cation fingerprints', based on the chemical formula or concentrations of raw materials and their respective properties. To test its performance, this method was used to predict the viscosity of glass materials using the experimental database INTERGLAD. Using artificial neural network models, we succeeded in predicting the temperature required for glass to have a specific viscosity within a root-mean-square error of 33.0°C. We were also able to evaluate the effect of particular target raw materials using a model trained without including the specific target raw material. The results show that cation fingerprints with a neural network model can predict some unseen combinations of raw materials. In addition, we propose a method for estimating the prediction accuracy by calculating cosine similarity of the input features of the material which we want to predict.In the Siemens method, high-purity Si is produced by reducing SiHCl3 source gas with H2 ambient under atmospheric pressure. Since the pyrolysis of SiHCl3, which produces SiCl4 as a byproduct, occurs dominantly in the practical Siemens process, the Si yield is low (~30%). In the present study, we generated hydrogen radicals (H-radicals) at pressures greater than 1 atm using tungsten filaments and transported the H-radicals into a reactor. On the basis of the absorbance at 600 nm of WO3-glass exposed to H-radicals in the reactor, we observed that H-radicals with a density of ~1.1 × 1012 cm-3 were transported approximately 30 cm under 1 atm. When SiCl4 was supplied as a source into the reactor containing H-radicals and allowed to react at 850°C or 900°C, Si was produced more efficiently than in reactions conducted under H2 ambient. Because the H-radicals can effectively reduce SiCl4, which is a byproduct in the Siemens method, their use is expected to increase the Si yield for this method.The development of novel magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with satisfactory biocompatibility for biomedical applications has been the subject of extensive exploration over the past two decades. In this work, we synthesized superparamagnetic iron oxide MNPs coated with polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSS-MNPs) and with a conventional co-precipitation method. The core size and hydrodynamic diameter of the PSS-MNPs were determined as 8-18 nm and 50-200 nm with a transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering, respectively. The saturation magnetization of the particles was measured as 60 emu g-1 with a superconducting quantum-interference-device magnetometer. The PSS content in the PSS-MNPs was 17% of the entire PSS-MNPs according to thermogravimetric analysis. Fourier-transform infrared spectra were recorded to detect the presence of SO3- groups, which confirmed a successful PSS coating. The structural properties of the PSS-MNPs, including the crystalline lattice, composition and phases, were characterized with an X-ray powder diffractometer and 3D nanometer-scale Raman microspectrometer. MTT assay and Prussian-blue staining showed that, although PSS-MNPs caused no cytotoxicity in both NIH-3T3 mouse fibroblasts and SK-HEP1 human liver-cancer cells up to 1000 μg mL-1, SK-HEP1 cells exhibited significantly greater uptake of PSS-MNPs than NIH-3T3 cells. The low cytotoxicity and high biocompatibility of PSS-MNPs in human cancer cells demonstrated in the present work might have prospective applications for drug delivery.The mechanical behavior of multilayer steel structures fabricated via wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) has been investigated from the multiscale perspective. The multimaterial WAAM approach can control a heterogeneous structure and improve its mechanical properties. In this study, WAAM equipment based on plasma arc welding was used to fabricate two pairs of single- and duplex-phase multilayer steel structures using austenitic and martensitic stainless steel wires. The heterogeneity of these structures was characterized through micro-indentation tests. In addition, tensile tests of the multilayer structures were conducted to evaluate the effect of heterogeneity on macroscopic material properties. The deformation behavior of the heterogeneous multilayer steel structures was investigated by comparison with the finite element simulations of tensile tests in which the finite element models were created according to the estimated local elastoplastic properties from the results of micro-indentation tests. The micro-indentation tests revealed that the local mechanical properties significantly change during WAAM in cases where martensitic stainless steel wire was used. Additionally, strain-induced transformation plasticity was particularly observed in duplex cases, caused by the metastable austenite phase formed according to the thermal history and through the mixing of alloy elements. Thus, the heterogeneity of the multilayer steel structures became more complicated than its design, and consequently, its macroscopic mechanical properties exceeded the upper and lower bounds of a micromechanic estimation. The results show the potential to fabricate a structure having a unique mechanical behavior via the multimaterial WAAM approach.We report the dynamic behavior of diselenide-containing hydrophilic polyurethanes and hydrogels based on diselenide exchange reactions in an aqueous media. Diselenide-containing linear and cross-linked polyurethanes were synthesized via polyaddition reactions using diselenide-containing diol in combination with pyridinium diol that enhances the hydrophilicity of the polymer chains. The obtained linear polyurethanes underwent photo-induced diselenide exchange reactions with small diselenide compounds and degraded to smaller fragments, confirming the dynamicity of the obtained hydrophilic polyurethanes. The prepared hydrogels displayed characteristic large swelling behavior based on the structural reorganization through diselenide exchange either under photo-irradiation at 365 nm or even in the dark at room temperature. The diselenide-containing hydrogels also showed crack-healing behavior under the same exchanging conditions, presenting the utility of diselenide linkages as simple and useful units to offer high dynamicity to hydrogels.We investigated the characteristics of thermally evaporated fullerene (C60)/Ag/C60 (CAC) multilayer films for use in semi-transparent perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and thin-film heaters (TFHs). The top and bottom C60 layers and Ag interlayer were prepared using multi-source thermal evaporation, and the thickness of the Ag interlayer was investigated in detail for its effects on the resistivity, optical transmittance, and mechanical properties of the CAC electrodes. We used a figure-of-merit analysis to obtain a CAC electrode with a smooth surface morphology that exhibited a sheet resistance of 5.63 Ohm/square and an optical transmittance of 66.13% at a 550 nm wavelength. We conducted mechanical deformation tests to confirm that the thermally evaporated multilayer CAC electrode has a high durability, even after 10,000 times of inner and outer bending, rolling, and twisting due to the flexibility of the amorphous C60 and Ag interlayer. We evaluated the feasibility of using CAC electrodes for semi-transparent PSCs and TFHs. The semi-transparent PSC with 1.08 cm2 active area prepared with a transparent multilayer CAC cathode showed a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.1%. Furthermore, flexible TFHs (2.5 × 2.5 cm2) fabricated on a thermally evaporated CAC electrode show a high saturation temperature of 116.6 C, even at a low input voltage of 4.5 V, due to a very low sheet resistance. Based on the performance of the PSCs and TFHs, we conclude that the thermally evaporated multilayer CAC electrode is promising for use as a transparent conductive electrode (TCE) for semi-transparent PSCs and TFHs, with characteristics comparable to sputtered TCEs.Sputtering and electrodeposition are among the most widespread techniques for metallic thin film deposition. Since these techniques operate under different principles, the resulting films typically show different microstructures even when the chemical composition is kept fixed. In this work, films of Fe70Pd30 were produced in a thickness range between 30 and 600 nm, using both electrodeposition and sputtering. The electrodeposited films were deposited under potentiostatic regime from an ammonia sulfosalicylic acid-based aqueous solution. Meanwhile, the sputtered films were deposited from a composite target in radio frequency regime. Both approaches were proven to yield high quality and homogenous films. However, their crystallographic structure was different. Although all films were polycrystalline and Fe and Pd formed a solid solution with a body-centered cubic structure, a palladium hydride phase was additionally detected in the electrodeposited films. The occurrence of this phase induced internal stress in the films, thereby influencing their magnetic properties. In particular, the thickest electrodeposited Fe70Pd30 films showed out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy, whereas the magnetization easy axis lied in the film plane for all the sputtered films. ULK-101 cell line The domain pattern of the electrodeposited films was investigated by magnetic force microscopy. Finally, nanoindentation studies highlighted the high quality of both the sputtered and electrodeposited films, the former exhibiting higher reduced Young's modulus and Berkovich hardness values.