Gilmoremeredith3182

The present study investigated the performance of a chromium-based advanced oxidation process using chromium (as Cr3+ or Cr6+) and H2O2 for the treatment of synthetic and simulated textile wastewaters. With the Cr3+/H2O2 system, the maximum total organic carbon (TOC) and color removals from the synthetic dye wastewater (Remazol Brilliant Violet 5R dye concentration = 100 mg/L) were 75% and 99%, respectively, within 30 min duration ([Cr3+][H2O2] = 130, stoichiometric H2O2 dose = 2.01 ml/L and pH = 7). Whereas the same catalyst and oxidant combination resulted in chemical oxygen demand (COD) and color removals of ~ 46%, and 84%, respectively, after 3 h of reaction at the optimized reaction conditions (i.e., [Cr3+][H2O2] = 150, stoichiometric H2O2 dose = 11.6 ml/L and pH = 7) from the simulated textile wastewater (initial pH = 10.2, and COD = 1820 mg/L). Further, the addition of stoichiometric H2O2 dose to the pretreated wastewater and pH adjustment increased the overall COD removal to 77%. Both oxidation and precipitation reactions were found responsible for organics removal from the wastewater. The other alternative involving activated carbon adsorption as second step, was not found as effective as the above scheme. The data on COD removal from simulated textile wastewater could be fit adequately in the retarded first-order kinetic model. Based on the COD and color removal results and preliminary cost analysis, this can be suggested that the Cr3+/H2O2 oxidation process followed by pH adjustment and further H2O2 treatment was the best option for the removal of COD and color from the simulated combined textile wastewater.Bentonite was applied in diffusive studies for selenium, an emerging contaminant. The planar source method was used to determine the apparent and effective diffusion coefficients and assess the mobility of the selenium species. A double Gaussian function described the results. Different diffusion coefficients were associated with different mobilities, and consequently, to the coexistence of two selenium species selenite and selenate. Apparent diffusion coefficients were higher for selenate, around 10- 10 m2 s- 1, than for selenite, around 10- 12 m2 s- 1. Results from sequential extraction and distribution coefficient justified selenate's greater mobility than selenite. Since the increase in redox potential from 448 to 511 mV may be associated with selenite oxidation in an interconversion process, the diffusion in bentonite demonstrates that applications in geological barriers deserve attention regarding the mobilization of selenium species. Interconversions can mobilize selenium, as reduced species can shift to more oxidized and mobile species, enhancing environmental contamination.This article investigates how the non-linear connection between energy consumption and economic development is influenced by energy intensity level in the context of energy-capital substitution. We firstly analyze the substitutability/complementarity between energy and capital by estimating VES production function within the standard Solow growth model framework for 58 countries over the period of 1975-2017. The selected countries are classified into four groups according to their relative energy intensity levels and their accessibility to energy. The estimation findings reveal that energy and capital are complements in the final output for each country group. Hence, in this paper, as further analysis, the study examines whether or not energy consumption always fosters economic growth. We investigate the non-linear link between energy consumption and economic development by constructing a panel smooth transition regression (PSTR) model for each country group and looking at the impact of energy intensity in this relationship. The empirical results provide that for each country group, there is a threshold level for energy intensity. read more Regardless of whether a country is a net energy exporter or net energy importer, it needs to use energy efficiently and not exceed the ideal energy intensity level in both production and consumption to maintain long-term economic growth.Soil invertebrates serve as an outstanding biological indicator of the terrestrial ecosystem and overall soil quality, considering their high sensitivity when compared to other indicators of soil quality. In this study, the available soil ecotoxicity data (pEC50) against the soil invertebrate Folsomia candida (C. name Springtail) (n = 45) were collated from the database of ECOTOX (cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox) and subjected to QSAR analysis using 2D descriptors. Four partial least squares (PLS) models were built based on the features selected through genertic algorithm followed by the best subset selection. These four models were then used as inputs for Intelligent Consensus Predictor version 1.2 (PLS version) to get the final consensus predictions, using the best selection of predictions (compound-wise) from four "qualified" individual models. Both internal and external validations metrics of the consensus predictions are well- balanced and within the acceptable range as per the OECD criteria. The consensus model was found to be better than the previous developed models for this endpoint. Predictions were also made using the Chemical Read-across approach, which showed even better external validation metric values than the consensus predictions. From the selected features in the QSAR models, it has been found out that molecular weight and presence of a di-thiophosphate group, electron donor groups, and polyhalogen substitutions have a significant impact on the soil ecotoxicity. The soil ecotoxicological risk assessment of organic chemicals can therefore be prioritized by these features. The models developed from diverse structural organic compounds can be applied to any new query compound for data gap filling.Arsenic, as a human carcinogen, has posed a certain threat to environmental health globally. However, the underlying mechanism of the arsenic carcinogenic effect remains largely undetermined. The up-regulation of MDM2 seems to play a crucial part in tumors in especial carcinomas of the diffuse type. The interaction of MDM2 and p53 is closely relevant to the pathogenesis of tumors. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect on MDM2, p53, and their phosphorylation after As(III). In the epidemiological study, we investigated that MDM2 expression was up-regulation and was positively linked to methylated metabolites (monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA)) after As(III)-exposure. In vitro studies employing A549 and 16HBE cells confirmed the epidemiological data. Studies on MDM2 phosphorylation sites consisting of Ser166, Ser260, and Ser394 in response to arsenic exposure, which have not been studied presently, indicated that As(III) could induce the expression of MDM2 phosphorylation. Moreover, we studied the alterations of p53 and its N-terminus phosphorylation sites of Ser9, Ser15, and Ser33, which demonstrated that p53 and its phosphorylation were highly expressed after As(III) exposure. Subsequently, Co-immunoprecipitation assays validated our hypothesis that the bonding of MDM2 and p53 was altered by arsenic exposure. What's more, outcomes coming from different cell types of A549, 16HBE, and 60 T-16HBE revealed that MDM2 and its phosphorylation expression existed a significant difference. The study provides evidence that As(III) and its methylated metabolites modulate the expression of MDM2, p53, and their phosphorylation and then affect the interaction between MDM2 and p53.This research focused on degradation of carbaryl in water using TiO2-coated glass-fiber filter under sunlight irradiation. The coating substances were 0.3-2% w/v TiO2 mixed with 5 different binders, DURAMAX B1000, PEG molecular weight of 1000, 2000, 4000, and 6000, in a concentration of 0.3-2 wt% of TiO2. Optimum concentration of coating substance was investigated for the best degradation efficiency in terms of reaction kinetic rates. Sorption of carbaryl and zeta potential of coating substance were also studied.The results revealed that carbaryl sorptions on the coated filters were 2% or less. The optimum concentration of coating substance was 1% w/v TiO2 and 1 wt% PEG6000 with the kinetic rate constant of 0.022-0.025 min-1. The point of zero charge of 1% w/v TiO2 + 1% wt% PEG6000 occurred at pH 7.5, while the pH of carbaryl solution was 7.3 ± 0.3. Thus, TiO2 was neutral, and repulsive force did not exist in this optimum coating. With the optimum TiO2 loading of 1-2 g/L, 100% carbaryl degradation was obtained in 150 min.Among nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) commonly found in seawater and wastewater, salicylic acid (SA) represents one of the most persistent and hazardous compounds for aquatic organisms. This study was therefore designed to elucidate the biological effects of SA in mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. During a sub-chronic exposure (12 days), mussels were exposed to five realistic concentrations of SA (C1 0.05 μg/L; C2 0.5 μg/L; C3 5 μg/L; C4 50 μg/L; C5 100 μg/L) and gills, selected as the target organ, were collected at different time points (T3 3 days; T5 5 days; T12 12 days). Exposure to SA induced no histological alterations in mussel gills, despite a relevant hemocyte infiltration was observed throughout the exposure as a defensive response to SA. Temporal modulation of glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities suggested the occurrence of antioxidant and detoxifying responses against SA exposure, while lipid peroxidation (LPO), except for a partial increase at T3, was prevented. Inhibition of the cholinergic system was also reported by reduced acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, mainly at T12. Overall, findings from this study contribute to enlarge the current knowledge on the cytotoxicity of SA, on non-target aquatic organisms, and might for the enhancement of new ecopharmacovigilance programs and optimization of the efficacy of wastewater treatment plants for mitigation of pharmaceutical pollution in coastal areas.Recently, the production of silver nanoparticles and their commercial products has generated increased concern and caused a hazardous impact on the ecosystem. Therefore, the present study examines the toxic effect of chemically engineered silver nanoparticles (SNPs) and polyvinylpyrrolidone-capped silver nanoparticles (PVP-SNPs) on the earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae (E. eugeniae). The SNPs and PVP-SNPs were synthesized, and their characterization was determined by UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The toxicity of SNPs and PVP-SNPs was evaluated using E. eugeniae. The present result indicates that the lethal concentration (LC50) of SNPs and PVP-SNPs were achieved at 22.66 and 43.27 μg/mL, respectively. The activity of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) was increased in SNPs compared to PVP-SNPs. Importantly, we have noticed that the E. eugeniae can amputate its body segments after exposure to SNPs and PVP-SNPs. This exciting phenomenon is named "autotomy," which describes a specific feature of E. eugeniae to escape from the toxic contaminants and predators. Accordingly, we have suggested this unique behavior may facilitate to assess the toxic effect of SNPs and PVP-SNPs in E. eugeniae.