Skovsgaardcalhoun6991
on-communicable diseases.
This study has identified a feedback loop between unhealthy habits (i.e. the consumption of soft drinks) and health outcomes (i.e. the prevalence of obesity). This interplay amplifies the impact of any exogenous changes in the determinants of consumption and obesity. These feedback effects should be considered and exploited in planning effective strategies to tackle the burden of obesity and the global epidemic of non-communicable diseases.
Rest-activity rhythm (RAR), a manifestation of circadian rhythms, has been associated with morbidity and mortality risk. However, RAR patterns in the general population and specifically the role of demographic characteristics in RAR pattern have not been comprehensively assessed. Therefore, we aimed to describe RAR patterns among non-institutionalized US adults and age, sex, and race/ethnicity variation using accelerometry data from a nationally representative population.
This cross-sectional study was conducted using the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014. Participants aged ≥20 years who were enrolled in the physical activity monitoring examination and had at least four 24-h periods of valid wrist accelerometer data were included in the present analysis. 24-h RAR metrics were generated using both extended cosinor model (amplitude, mesor, acrophase and pseudo-F statistic) and nonparametric methods (interdaily stability [IS] and intradaily variability [IV]). Multivariabl RAR patterns vary significantly according to sex, age and race/ethnicity. These results may reflect demographic-dependent differences in intrinsic circadian rhythms and may have important implications for understanding racial, ethnic, sex and other disparities in morbidity and mortality risk.
In the general adult population, RAR patterns vary significantly according to sex, age and race/ethnicity. These results may reflect demographic-dependent differences in intrinsic circadian rhythms and may have important implications for understanding racial, ethnic, sex and other disparities in morbidity and mortality risk.
Multiple oral insulin-sensitizing agents, such as metformin, thiazolidinediones, inositols, and berberine, have been proven safe and efficacious in improving the endocrine, metabolic, and reproductive abnormalities seen in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), providing more options for healthcare providers and patients. These oral insulin sensitizers are more convenient, practical, and economic than agents that need to be injected. A comparison of the clinical effectiveness of the four different classes of oral insulin sensitizers in PCOS has not been explored, leading to clinical uncertainty about the optimal treatment pathway. The present study aims to compare the effects of oral insulin sensitizers on endocrine and metabolic profiles in women with PCOS.
We identified randomized controlled trials for PCOS from a variety of databases, published from January 2005 to October 2020. Outcomes included changes in menstrual frequency, improvements in hyperandrogenism and glucolipid metabolism and adverse side effeidinediones and metformin combined with thiazolidinediones improve lipid metabolism better than metformin alone. Trial registration PROSPERO CRD42020211524.Clinical research infrastructure is one of the unsung heroes of the scientific response to the current COVID-19 pandemic. The extensive, long-term funding into research support structures, skilled people, and technology allowed the United Kingdom research response to move off the starting blocks at pace by utilizing pre-existing platforms. The increasing focus from funders on evaluating the outcomes and impact of research infrastructure investment requires both a reframing and progression of the current models in order to address the contribution of the underlying support infrastructure. The majority of current evaluation/outcome models focus on a "pipeline" approach using a methodology which follows the traditional research funding route with the addition of quantitative metrics. These models fail to embrace the complexity caused by the interplay of previous investment, the coalescing of project outputs from different funders, the underlying infrastructure investment, and the parallel development across diffidly evolving data ecosystem. This paper sets out methodological challenges and considers the need to develop bespoke methodological approaches to allow a richer assessment of impact, contribution, attribution, and evaluation of research infrastructure. This paper is the beginning of a conversation that invites the community to "take up the mantle" and tackle the complexity of real-world research translation and evaluation.
Estimation of nitrate nitrogen (NO
-N) content in petioles is one of the key approaches for monitoring nitrogen (N) nutrition in crops. Rapid, non-destructive, and accurate evaluation of NO
-N contents in cotton petioles under drip irrigation is of great significance.
In this study, we discussed the use of hyperspectral data to estimate NO
-N contents in cotton petioles under drip irrigation at different N treatments and growth stages. The correlations among trilateral parameters and six vegetation indices and petiole NO
-N contents were first investigated, after which a traditional regression model for petioles NO
-N content was established. A wavelet neural network (WNN) model for estimating petiole NO
-N content was also established. In addition, the performance of WNN was compared to those of random forest (RF), radial basis function neural network (RBF) and back propagation neural network (BP).
Between the blue edge amplitude (Db) and blue edge area (SDb) of the blue edge parameters was the optimal index for the estimation model of petiole NO
-N content. We found that the prediction results of the blue edge parameters and WNN were 7.3% higher than the coefficient of determination (R
) of the first derivative vegetation index and WNN. Root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) were 25.2% and 30.9% lower than first derivative vegetation, respectively, and the performance was better than that of RF, RBF and BP.
An inexpensive approach consisting of the WNN algorithm and blue edge parameters can be used to enhance the accuracy of NO
-N content estimation in cotton petioles under drip irrigation.
An inexpensive approach consisting of the WNN algorithm and blue edge parameters can be used to enhance the accuracy of NO3--N content estimation in cotton petioles under drip irrigation.
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has led to an unprecedented worldwide burden of disease. However, little is known of the longer-term implications and consequences of COVID-19. One of these may be a COVID-19 associated coagulopathy that can present as a venous thromboembolism (VTE) and further, as multiple paradoxical cerebral emboli.
A 51 year old man presented to the emergency department with multiple simultaneous embolic cerebral infarctions 11 months after mild COVID-19. In the subacute phase of the COVID-19 illness the patient developed increasing shortness of breath and was found to have an elevated D-dimer and multiple bilateral segmental pulmonary emboli. He was subsequently treated with 3 months of anticoagulation for a provoked VTE. The patient then presented 11 months after the initial COVID-19 diagnosis with multiple simultaneous cerebral infarctions where no traditional underlying stroke etiology was determined. A patent foramen ovale (PFO) and an elevated D-dimer were found suggesersist for many months and beyond the initial illness.
High-dose intravenous vitamin C directly scavenges and decreases the production of harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during ischemia/reperfusion after a cardiac arrest. The aim of this study is to investigate whether short-term treatment with a supplementary or very high-dose intravenous vitamin C reduces organ failure in post-cardiac arrest patients.
This is a double-blind, multi-center, randomized placebo-controlled trial conducted in 7 intensive care units (ICUs) in The Netherlands. selleck kinase inhibitor A total of 270 patients with cardiac arrest and return of spontaneous circulation will be randomly assigned to three groups of 90 patients (111 ratio, stratified by site and age). Patients will intravenously receive a placebo, a supplementation dose of 3 g of vitamin C or a pharmacological dose of 10 g of vitamin C per day for 96 h. The primary endpoint is organ failure at 96 h as measured by the Resuscitation-Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (R-SOFA) score at 96 h minus the baseline score (delta R-SOFA). Sred on June 8, 2018. https//www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/trial/2017-004318-25/NL.
Given the high heterogeneity among breast tumors, associations between common germline genetic variants and survival that may exist within specific subgroups could go undetected in an unstratified set of breast cancer patients.
We performed genome-wide association analyses within 15 subgroups of breast cancer patients based on prognostic factors, including hormone receptors, tumor grade, age, and type of systemic treatment. Analyses were based on 91,686 female patients of European ancestry from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium, including 7531 breast cancer-specific deaths over a median follow-up of 8.1 years. Cox regression was used to assess associations of common germline variants with 15-year and 5-year breast cancer-specific survival. We assessed the probability of these associations being true positives via the Bayesian false discovery probability (BFDP < 0.15).
Evidence of associations with breast cancer-specific survival was observed in three patient subgroups, with variant rs5934618 iiated with breast cancer-specific survival within three patient subgroups. There was limited evidence for the existence of associations in other patient subgroups. However, the power for many subgroups is limited due to the low number of events. Even so, our results suggest that the impact of common germline genetic variants on breast cancer-specific survival might be limited.
The PI3K/AKT/mTOR (PAM) pathway is a key regulator of tumor therapy resistance. We investigated M2698, an oral p70S6K/AKT dual inhibitor, in patients with advanced cancer who failed standard therapies.
M2698 was administered as monotherapy (escalation, 15-380mg daily; food effect cohort, 240-320mg daily) and combined with trastuzumab or tamoxifen.
Overall, 101 patients were treated (M2698, n = 62; M2698/trastuzumab, n = 13; M2698/tamoxifen, n = 26). Patients were predominantly aged < 65years, were female, had performance status 1 and were heavily pretreated. There was a dose- and concentration-dependent inhibition of pS6 levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and tumor tissue. M2698 was well tolerated; the most common treatment-emergent adverse events were gastrointestinal, abnormal dreams and fatigue (serious, attributed to M2698 monotherapy, 8.1%; M2698/trastuzumab, 7.7%; M2698/tamoxifen,11.5% of patients). The recommended phase 2 doses of M2698 were 240mg QD (monotherapy), 160mg QD (M2698/trltiple standard therapies, suggesting that it could overcome treatment resistance. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01971515. Registered October 23, 2013.
