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Fourth, functional olfactory ability is significantly better in women is significantly better in females, especially in food-rich odor environments. CONCLUSIONS Environment was not a significant factor in olfactory ability in this study but that result may be confounded by methodological biases. We do not recommend odor identification as a field tool. Functional olfactory ability exhibits a sex-based pattern but consistency in recognizing the same odor does not. Food-rich odors may enhance olfactory ability in females. We discuss evolutionary and ecological implications of superior female functional olfactory ability relative to food foraging activity. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.BACKGROUND The relationship of Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) with possible alterations in patients' general health has been subject of study and controversy during the last years. OBJECTIVE To analyse the general health status of patients with BMS, comparing it with a control group. METHODS A case-control study was conducted to compare the diseases, medications, blood test alterations, disturbances in general health, oral quality of life, xerostomia, sleep quality and psychological status between a group of 20 patients with BMS and a group of 40 patients who did not suffer from this disease. RESULTS BMS patients suffered more comorbidities and consumed more medications than controls. More mental, behavioural or neurodevelopmental disorders in BMS patients were found, consuming more drugs for nervous and cardiovascular systems, and alimentary tract and metabolism. Lower levels of iron and higher levels of folic acid were found in BMS patients compared to controls. General health status, oral health impact, sleepiness, psychological status and xerostomia levels were also significantly worsened in BMS patients than in controls. CONCLUSIONS BMS patients presented a worsened health status over controls suffering more comorbidities, consuming more medications and showing adverse results in all the health variables analyzed in this study. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.The scsABCD (suppressor of copper sensitivity) locus of Salmonella encodes four proteins that resemble the disulfide folding machinery of other bacteria. Previous work has shown that Salmonella encounters toxic levels of copper during infection and the Scs system provides protection against this copper-mediated toxicity. The current work reports that expression of the soluble periplasmic protein StScsC is induced by copper and that intramacrophage survival in the presence of copper is diminished by the loss of StScsC. Using a combination of genetic and proteomic approaches, the abundance of various cysteine-containing periplasmic proteins was found to be elevated by StScsC in the Salmonella periplasm, implicating StScsC in the disulfide folding of superoxide dismutases and proteins involved in amino acid sensing and import. Co-purification and mass spectrometry approaches confirmed that the arginine-sensing periplasmic protein ArtI associates with StScsC via a disulfide interaction, and purified ArtI was shown to alter the thiol redox state of purified StScsC. This work reports the first demonstration of a redox partner for the Scs system of Salmonella and provides insights into how this bacterial pathogen responds to copper stress during infection. © 2020 Federation of European Biochemical Societies.BACKGROUND Despite advances in noninvasive vascular imaging, detection of renal artery stenosis via catheter angiography is the gold standard for the diagnosis of renovascular hypertension (RVH). Due to lack of evidence, the utility of various blood tests and imaging modalities remains unclear. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the utility of blood tests [plasma renin activity (PRA), aldosterone, and renal vein renin values] and imaging studies [computed tomography (CT) angiography, kidney ultrasonography (US)] by comparing them with renal angiography. Ten pediatric patients with RVH at two institutions from January 2008 to December 2016 were recruited. The sensitivities for diagnosing RVH via imaging and blood tests (kidney US, PRA, and aldosterone) were derived by examining patient records. Furthermore, the sensitivity and specificity of CT angiography were calculated by considering the both the affected and non-affected renal arteries of the patients. RESULTS A high sensitivity for diagnosing RVH via kidney US (89%) and PRA (80%) was observed. The sensitivity and specificity of CT angiography were 100%, each. WZB117 solubility dmso Renal vein renin sampling did not aid in the diagnosis of RVH; only 2 of 6 patients with unilateral RVH showed significant laterality of renal vein renin boundary ratios. Renal scintigraphy facilitated detection of a nonfunctional kidney (split renal function less then 5%). CONCLUSIONS RVH in children could be diagnosed utilizing noninvasive blood and imaging tests without catheter angiography. We recommend kidney size measurement along with measurement of PRA level as a simple and highly useful screening test followed by CT angiography as a diagnostic test. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.The present work describes the synthesis and characterization of α/γ hybrid peptides, Boc-Phe-γ4 -Phe-Val-OMe, P1; Boc-Ala-γ4 -Phe-Val-OMe, P2; and Boc-Leu-γ4 -Phe-Val-OMe, P3 together with the formation of self-assembled structures formed by these hybrid peptides in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)/water (11). The self-assembled structures were characterized by infrared (IR) spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Further, α/γ hybrid peptide self-assembled structures were evaluated for antibacterial properties. Among all, the self-assembled peptide P1 exhibited the antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, while self-assembled peptide P3 inhibited the biofilms of Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this study, we have shown the significance of self-assembled structures formed from completely hydrophobic α/γ hybrid peptides in exploring the antibacterial properties together with biofilm inhibition. © 2020 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.We went through the current classification of the periodontal disease and conditions and the review on dental plaque induced gingival conditions according to 2017 classification by Dr.Murakami S (Murakami et al., 2018). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT? AHDs in mental health are fundamental tools in advance care planning processes. It is an important method for involving mental healthcare users in clinical decisions and in providing effective healthcare based around user preferences. AHDs can be applied in situations in which the person may forfeit their legal capacity, according to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. However, the use of AHDs as described above is not yet a reality in Spain. WHAT THE PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE? The present study surveys the knowledge and attitudes of mental healthcare providers towards AHDs in clinical practice. Although providers had a moderate-low level of knowledge about AHDs, they presented positive attitudes towards them. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE? The use of AHDs in mental healthcare practice poses challenges to the Spanish mental healthcare system. Acquiring up-to-date data on the knowledge and attitudes of providers towards AHDs allows organizatibefore they are implemented. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.BACKGROUND Persons with an intellectual disability are at a higher risk of experiencing adversities. The concept of resilience offers promising insights into facilitating personal growth after adversity. The current study aims at providing an overview of the current research on resilience and the way this can contribute to quality of life in people with intellectual disability. METHOD A literature review was conducted in the databases PsycINFO and Web of Science. To evaluate the quality of the studies, the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used. RESULTS The themes, autonomy, self-acceptance and physical health, were identified as internal sources of resilience. External sources of resilience can be found within the social network and daily activities. CONCLUSION The current overview shows promising results to address resilience in adults with intellectual disability. More research is needed to identify the full range of resiliency factors. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Forecasts from climate models and oceanographic observations indicate increasing deoxygenation in the global oceans and an elevated frequency and intensity of hypoxic events in the coastal zone, which have the potential to affect marine biodiversity and fisheries. Exposure to low dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions may have deleterious effects on early life stages in fishes. This study aims to identify thresholds to hypoxia while testing behavioral and physiological responses of two congeneric species of kelp forest fish to four DO levels, ranging from normoxic to hypoxic (8.7, 6.0, 4.1 and 2.2 mg O2 L-1 ). Behavioral tests identified changes in exploratory behavior and turning bias (lateralization), while physiological tests focused on determining changes in hypoxia tolerance (pCrit), ventilation rates, and metabolic rates, with impacts on the resulting capacity for aerobic activity. Our findings indicated that copper rockfish (Sebastes caurinus) and blue rockfish (S. mystinus) express sensitivity to hypoxia; hlimate change. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Phosphorus released in lakes due to agricultural water runoff causes eutrophication, deteriorating water quality and harming ecosystems. Two adsorbents were studied for the removal of phosphate from water plaster of Paris powder and hydrogel beads produced using alginate, carboxymethylcellulose, and aluminum. The reaction kinetics, adsorption capacity, and ability to desorb were compared. Sorption of phosphate with either plaster of Paris or hydrogel beads was well described by the Langmuir model. In deionised water, hydrogel beads had a maximum sorption capacity of 90.5 mg PO4 3- /g dry bead with an equilibration time of approximately 24 hours. Monovalent anions (e.g. chloride) did not affect phosphorus sorption onto hydrogel beads, whereas divalent anions (e.g. sulfate) hindered sorption. In deionised water, plaster of Paris (POP) powder has a maximum capacity of 1.52 mg PO4 3- /g with an equilibrium time of less than 10 minutes. Sorbents can potentially be reused following phosphate desorption, and desorbed phosphate may be reused as fertilizer. At pH=9.5, hydrogel beads desorbed up to 60% of the original amount of phosphate sorbed, and lower amounts at lower pH. At pH=2, POP powder desorbed only 35% of the initial phosphate sorbed, and desorption decreased with increasing pH. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Plastics pollution has become a global concern for ecosystem health and biodiversity conservation. Concentrations of plastics are manifold higher in terrestrial system than the aquatic one. Micro/nano plastics have the ability to alter soil enzymatic system, soil properties and also affect soil borne microorganisms and earthworms. Despite, almost all works targeting ecotoxicological potential of micro/nano plastics are based on aquatic system and reports on their phytotoxic potentials are limited. The presence of cell wall that could restrict micro/nano plastics invasion into plant roots might be the putative cause of this limitation. Micro/nano plastics inhibit plant growth, seed germination and gene expression; and they also induce cytogenotoxicity by aggravating ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) generation. Dynamic behaviour of cell wall; the pores formed either by cell wall degrading enzymes or by plant-pathogen interactions or by mechanical injury might facilitate the micro/nano plastics entry into roots. This review also provides the possible mechanism of large sized microplastics induced phytotoxicity especially for those that cannot pass through cell wall pores.