Kuhnfallesen2486

The double luciferase reporter gene assay showed that the overexpression of LmTRIF promoted the activity of NF-κB, an immune transcription factor downstream of the classical TLR signaling pathway. In this study, we identified the TLR adaptor molecule TRIF from L. morii, a vertebrate more primitive than fish. Our results suggested an important role of LmTRIF in the innate immune signal transduction process of L. morii and is the basis for the origin and evolution of the TLR signaling pathway in the innate immune system in vertebrates.

Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is a highly morbid condition in general population as well as in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) with different anticoagulation methods on the expression levels of cytokines in SAP.

A total of 120 patients with SAP, admitted into our hospital between September 2017 and July 2020, were enrolled as the research subjects and randomly divided into a control group (60 cases) and a study group (60 cases). CRRT with low molecular weight (LMW) heparin‑calcium anticoagulation was conducted on patients in the control group, and CRRT with topical citrate + low-dose LMW heparin‑calcium anticoagulation was conducted on patients in the study group. The expressions of cytokines in the two groups were compared after treatment.

There was no significant difference in white blood cells (WBC), C-reactive proteins (CRP), and procalcitonin (PCT) before treatment between the two groups (P&gelease of inflammatory mediators in patients with SAP and reduces damage to the body caused by the inflammatory response, thus effectively improving the patients' condition.

CRRT with topical citrate + low-dose LMW heparin‑calcium anticoagulation in the treatment of patients with SAP reduces the levels of WBC, CRP, and PCT and the concentrations of cytokines, including IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α. This inhibits the release of inflammatory mediators in patients with SAP and reduces damage to the body caused by the inflammatory response, thus effectively improving the patients' condition.Partial-denitrification (PD, NO3--N → NO2--N) is emerging as a promising approach for application of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process. In this study, stable PD with high nitrite (NO2--N) accumulation was achieved by modulating nitrate (NO3--N) reduction activity and carbon metabolism. With the influent NO3--N increasing from 30 to 200 mg/L, specific NO3--N reduction rates (rno3) were significantly improved, corresponding to the nitrate-to-nitrite transforming ratio (NTR) increasing rapidly to 80.0% within just 70 days. The required COD/NO3--N decreased from 4.5 to 2.0 and the carbon flux was more shared in NO3--N reduction to NO2--N. Notably, Thauera spp. as core denitrifying bacteria was highly enriched with the relative abundance of 70.5%∼82.1% despite different inoculations. This study provided a new insight into inducing high NO2--N accumulation and promoting practical application of anammox technology.High concentrations of heavy metals and other pollutants affect microbial activity in the wastewater treatment system and impede biological denitrification process. In this study, a novel Zn(II)-resistant aerobic denitrifier (Pseudomonas stutzeri KY-37) was isolated with potential in Bisphenol A (BPA) biodegradation and removal. The capability of this denitrifier in removing nitrogen, zinc, and BPA was tested. Using 56 mg/L nitrate as the sole nitrogen source, its removal efficiency achieved 98.5% in 12 h. This novel denitrifier had a strong auto-aggregation (maximum 65.8%), a high hydrophobicity rate (maximum 88.2%), and a massive amount (maximum 41.1 mg/g cell dry weight) of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) production. Moreover, Zn(II) removal efficiency reached more than 95% with the initial high concentrations of 200 mg/L. The maximum BPA removal efficiency reached 88.8% with initial 10 mg/L. The removal mechanism of BPA was further explored in terms of microbial degradation, EPS adsorption, and intermediate degradation products.In this study, two short-cut sulfur autotrophic denitrification (SSADN) reactors were initiated using different reduced sulfur forms as electron donors and their effects on the start-up speed of the SSADN process, NO2--N accumulation characteristics, and microbial community were investigated. Results revealed that during the same period, due to the relatively slow S0 dissolution rate, the NO2--N production rate realized by microorganisms in S0-SSADN (NO2--N production rate (NPR), 174 mg/(L·d)) was significantly slower than S2--SSADN (NPR, 679 mg/(L·d)). The NO2--N accumulation efficiency (NAE) was maintained > 80%, which was significantly higher than S2--SSADN. In the SSADN system using different reduced sulfur forms, the microbial community structure and abundance considerably differed. The main sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) in S0-SSADN were Sulfurimonas (6.5%) and Thiobacillus (5.3%). The main SOB species in S2--SSADN was Thiomonas (13.6%). Thermomonas played an important role in the two reactors as an important NO3--N denitrifying bacteria species.Sodium acetate (NaAc) supplementation, often used to increase the growth of H. pluvialis under low light, but promotes cell death under high light; its underlying reasons and solutions are rarely reported. Here, NaAc supplementation was found to rapidly increase pondus hydrogenii (pH) of culture solution, elevate reactive oxygen species (ROS), and cause cell death immediately under higher light. Adjusting pH of NaAc supplemented culture solution with 10 mM Tris-HCl once before high light significantly reduced cell mortality and increased astaxanthin yield. When verified in a 5-litre photobioreactor, this novel method produced over 4.0% of dry weight (DW) astaxanthin within only 8-10 days. In summary, this study explained reasons underlying NaAc supplementation-induced cell death and provided an rapid, easy and effective method to produce high amount of astaxanthin in H. pluvialis.A mathematical model of H2 and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production via dark fermentation of particulate macroalgal substrates is presented. Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids in the particulate substrate are convert to H2, CO2, and VFAs via disintegration/solubilization, hydrolysis, and acidogenesis. Hydrolysis is modeled using a combined surface-limiting model combined with a first-order reaction model to describe both microbial hydrolysis and physical solubilization. Experimental and published data obtained using Saccharina japonica as the substrate are used to calibrate and validate the model. The model prediction featured a good accuracy, with high R2 of 0.912 - 0.976 for all end products. The physical solubilisation accounts for 28.4% of the total hydrolysis. By the model simulation, a H2 production of 103.2 mL/g-VS and VFA production of 0.41 g/g-VS are found at optimum conditions of 20 g-TS/L (13.2 g-VS/L) of substrate concentration and 7.0 of initial pH.The present study investigated the effects of separately or simultaneously inoculating thermophilic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus Z5 and bacterium Geobacillus stearothermophilus B5 on lignocellulose degradation, enzyme activities and humification during rice straw composting. The results indicated that inoculation of Z5 accelerated the rise of temperature in the mesophilic phase, and the degradation degree of cellulose and hemicellulose was increased by 25.3% and 20.7%, respectively, due to the higher activities of lignocellulolytic enzymes. Inoculation of B5 increased 5-7 °C of the compost temperature in the thermophilic phase, and also prolonged the duration from 33 to 41 days. Inoculated simultaneously, the secreted hydrolases of Z5 generated more nutrition and promoted the growth of B5. B5 maintained and increased the compost temperature, thus presenting a better hydrolysis environment for extracellular hydrolases. Thermophilic inoculation altered the main physicochemical factors and improved efficiency and maturity in rice straw composting.Organic acid hydrolysis is a potential method for xylooligosaccharides (XOS) production from lignocelluloses. However, the effect of lignin content on XOS production using organic acid hydrolysis remains unclear. In this work, the effect of delignification on XOS production from poplar by acetic acid (AC) hydrolysis was investigated. Hydrogen peroxide-acetic acid (HPAC) pretreatment catalyzed by 0-200 mM H2SO4 (HPAC0-HPAC200) removed 21.6-86.5% of lignin in poplar. HPAC pretreatment increased the xylan accessibility to AC solution, thus increasing the xylan removal during AC hydrolysis. An appropriate delignification (61.7%) resulted in the highest XOS yield of 37.4% by AC hydrolysis, increased by 29.9% compared to the optimal XOS yield (28.8%) from raw poplar. After alkaline post-incubation, the glucose yield of poplar residue rose from 57.1% to 78.6%. This work developed a delignification process to efficiently improve XOS and monosaccharides production from poplar.The biomass of microalgae and cyanobacteria yields a variety of products. Outdoor pilot plant trials typically grow a single species at circumneutral pH and provide CO2 by gas sparging. Here a cyanobacterial consortium was grown at high pH (beyond 11) and high dissolved carbonate concentrations (0.5 M) in an outdoor 1,150 L tubular photobioreactor for 130 days in Calgary, Canada. The aim was to assess the productivity and robustness of the consortium. Importantly, the system was designed to enable future integration of air capture of CO2. Productivity was between 3.1 and 5.8 g ash-free dry weight per square metre per day, depending on biomass density and month. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing showed that cyanobacterium Candidatus "Phormidium alkaliphilum" made up 80% of the consortium. The consortium displayed robust growth and adapted to environmental conditions. Bicarbonate uptake pushed medium pH past 11, demonstrating the ability to achieve CO2 delivery by air capture.The intratumoral androgen synthesis is one of the mechanisms by which androgen receptor (AR) is aberrantly re-activated in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) after androgen ablation. However, pathways controlling steroidogenic enzyme expression and de novo androgen synthesis in prostate cancer (PCa) cells are largely unknown. In this study, we explored the potential roles of DAB2IP in testosterone synthesis and CRPC tumor growth. Indeed, DAB2IP loss could maintain AR transcriptional activity, PSA re-expression and tumor growth under castrated condition in vitro and in vivo, and reprogram the expression profiles of steroidogenic enzymes, including AKR1C3. PF-07321332 mw Mechanistically, DAB2IP could dramatically inhibit the AKR1C3 promoter activity and the conversion from androgen precursors (i.e., DHEA) to testosterone through PI3K/AKT/mTOR/ETS1 signaling. Consistently, there was a high co-expression of ETS1 and AKR1C3 in PCa tissues and xenografts, and their expression in prostate tissues could also restore AR nuclear staining in castrated DAB2IP-/- mice after DHEA supplement. Together, this study reveals a novel regulation of intratumoral de novo androgen synthesis in CRPC, and provides the DAB2IP/ETS1/AKR1C3 signaling as a potential therapeutic target.