Moesgaardreimer7195

Background There is some evidence that previsit strategies can make in-person visits more productive and efficient. We compared between people who received a phone call before a musculoskeletal specialty visit and people who did not with respect to several factors (1) decision conflict (difficulty deciding between two or more options), (2) perceived clinician empathy after an in-person visit, and (3) arrival for the scheduled in-person appointment. We also recorded the specialist's opinion that the phone call alone could adequately replace an in-person visit while maintaining quality, safety, and effectiveness. Materials and Methods In this prospective randomized-controlled trial, 122 patients were enrolled and randomized to receive a previsit phone call by an orthopedic surgeon before a scheduled visit or not. After the in-person visit, patients completed a (1) demographic questionnaire including age, gender, race/ethnicity, marital status, level of education, work status, and comorbidities; (2) Decision Conflict Scale; and (3) Jefferson Scale of Patient Perceptions of Physician Empathy. Results No significant difference was found between the two groups in decision conflict, perceived empathy, or not attending the scheduled visit. Of the 55 successful phone calls, the surgeon felt that 50 (91%) had the potential to safely and effectively replace an in-person visit. Conclusion Although a previsit phone call did not reduce decision conflict or improve the patient experience as measured after one visit, there may be merit in studying an increased number of touch points, particularly with some subsets of illness featuring substantial stress or misconceptions. The identified potential for the application and transfer of specialty expertise through telephone alone also merits additional study.Purpose Binge drinking disparities by sexual identity are well documented. Stronger alcohol policy environments reduce binge drinking in the general population. We examined whether state-level alcohol policy environments have the same association with binge drinking among lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adults as among heterosexual adults. Methods Binge drinking, sexual identity, and demographic characteristics were extracted from the 2015 to 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. The strength of the alcohol policy environment was measured by using the Alcohol Policy Scale (APS) score. We estimated the association between APS score and binge drinking by using logistic regression and included an interaction term between APS score and sexual identity. Results The interaction between APS score and sexual identity was not significant, and findings differed between women and men. Among women, a higher APS score was associated with lower odds of binge drinking (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.94-0.99). ML792 purchase Differences in binge drinking by sexual identity remained after adjusting for individual and state-level factors (e.g., the percentage of LGB adults in the state). Compared with heterosexual women, the odds of binge drinking were 43% higher (aOR 1.43, 95% CI 1.17-1.75) among lesbian women and 58% higher (aOR 1.58, 95% CI 1.40-1.79) among bisexual women. A higher APS score was not associated with binge drinking among men. Conclusion Stronger state-level alcohol policy environments were associated with lower binge drinking among women. Lesbian and bisexual women were still more likely to engage in binge drinking compared with heterosexual women even in states with stronger alcohol policy environments.Fatigued driving is one of the main contributors to road traffic accidents. Poor sleep quality and lack of sleep negatively affect driving performance, and extreme states of fatigue can cause microsleep (i.e., short episodes of sleep with complete loss of awareness). Driver monitoring systems analyse biosignals (e.g., gaze, blinking, heart rate) and vehicle data (e.g., steering wheel movements, lane holding, acceleration) to detect states of fatigue and prevent accidents. We argue that inter-individual differences in personality, sensation seeking behaviour, and intelligence could improve microsleep prediction, in addition to sleepiness. We tested 144 male participants in a supervised driving track after 27 hours of sleep deprivation. More than 74% of drivers experienced microsleep, after an average driving time of 52 min. Overall, prediction models for microsleep vulnerability and driving time before microsleep were significantly improved by conscientiousness, sensation seeking and non-verbal IQ, in addition to situational sleepiness, as individual risk factors. Practitioner summary This study offers valuable insights for the design of driver monitoring systems. The use of individual risk factors such as conscientiousness, sensation seeking, and non-verbal IQ can increase microsleep prediction. These findings may improve monitoring systems based solely on physiological signals (e.g., blinking, heart rate) and vehicle data (e.g., steering wheel movements, acceleration, cornering). Abbreviations ADAC Allgemeiner Deutscher Automobil Club; ANOVA analysis of variance; AIC Akaike information criteria; CI confidence interval; GPS global positioning system; IQ intelligence quotient; IQR inter quartile range; KSS Karolinska sleepiness scale; NEO-PI-R revised NEO personality inventory; OLS ordinary least squares; PSQI Pittsburgh sleep quality index; SPM standard progressive matrices; SSS sensation seeking scale; WHO World Health Organization.Purpose To examine whether adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with breastfeeding behaviors. Methods Women in three Kaiser Permanente Northern California medical centers were screened for ACEs during standard prenatal care (N = 926). Multivariable binary and multinomial logistic regression was used to test whether ACEs (count and type) were associated with early breastfeeding at the 2-week newborn pediatric visit and continued breastfeeding at the 2-month pediatric visit, adjusting for covariates. Results Overall, 58.2% of women reported 0 ACEs, 19.2% reported 1 ACE, and 22.6% reported 2+ ACEs. Two weeks postpartum, 92.2% reported any breastfeeding (62.9% exclusive, 29.4% mixed breastfeeding/formula). Compared with women with 0 ACEs, those with 2+ ACEs had increased odds of any breastfeeding (odds ratio [OR] = 2.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.3-5.6) and exclusive breastfeeding 2 weeks postpartum (OR = 3.0, 95% CI = 1.4-6.3). Among those who breastfed 2 weeks postpartum, 86.4% reported continued breastfeeding (57.