Corneliussensander1992

DNA methylation (DNAm) may play a role in age-related outcomes. It is not yet known which DNAm-based biomarkers of age acceleration (BoAA) has the strongest association with age-related endpoints.

We collected the blood samples from two independent cohorts the Normative Ageing Study, and the Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg cohort. We measured epigenome-wide DNAm level, and generated five DNAm BoAA at baseline. Cloperastine fendizoate order We used Cox proportional hazards model to analyze the relationships between BoAA and all-cause death. We applied the Fine and Gray competing risk model to estimate the risk of BoAA on myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and cancer, accounting for death of other reasons as the competing risks. We used random-effects meta-analyses to pool the individual results, with adjustment for multiple testing.

The mean chronological ages in the two cohorts were 74, and 61, respectively. Baseline GrimAgeAccel, and DNAm-related mortality risk score (DNAmRS) both had strong associations with all-cause death, MI, and stroke, independent from chronological age. For example, a one standard deviation (SD) increment in GrimAgeAccel was significantly associated with increased risk of all-cause death [hazard ratio (HR) 2.01; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.15, 3.50], higher risk of MI (HR 1.44; 95% CI, 1.16, 1.79), and elevated risk of stroke (HR 1.42; 95% CI, 1.06, 1.91). There were no associations between any BoAA and cancer.

From the public health perspective, GrimAgeAccel is the most useful tool for identifying at-risk elderly, and evaluating the efficacy of anti-aging interventions.

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences of U.S., Harvard Chan-NIEHS Center for Environmental Health, German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, and the State of Bavaria in Germany.

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences of U.S., Harvard Chan-NIEHS Center for Environmental Health, German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, and the State of Bavaria in Germany.

Transcriptional regulators are seminal players in the onset and progression of prostate cancer. However, clarification of their underlying regulatory circuits and mechanisms demands considerable effort.

Integrated analyses were performed on genomic, transcriptomic, and clinicopathological profiles of primary prostate cancer and transcription factor-binding profiles, which included estimating transcription factor activity, identifying transcription factors of prognostic values, and discovering cis- and trans-regulations by long noncoding RNAs. Interactions between transcription factors and long noncoding RNAs were validated by RNA immunoprecipitation quantitative PCR. RNA interference assays were performed to explore roles of the selected transcription regulators.

Sixteen transcription factors, namely, ETS1, ARID4B, KLF12, GMEB1, HBP1, MXI1, MYC, MAX, PGR, BCL11A, AR, KLF4, SRF, HIF1A, EHF, and ATOH1, were jointly identified as a prognostic signature. Candidate long noncoding RNAs interplaying with the pniversity.

The novel human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is a major ongoing global threat with huge economic burden. Like all respiratory viruses, SARS-CoV-2 initiates infection in the upper respiratory tract (URT). Infected individuals are often asymptomatic, yet highly infectious and readily transmit virus. A therapy that restricts initial replication in the URT has the potential to prevent progression of severe lower respiratory tract disease as well as limiting person-to-person transmission.

SARS-CoV-2 Victoria/01/2020 was passaged in Vero/hSLAM cells and virus titre determined by plaque assay. Challenge virus was delivered by intranasal instillation to female ferrets at 5.0×10

pfu/ml. Treatment groups received intranasal INNA-051, developed by Ena Respiratory. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected using the 2019-nCoV CDC RUO Kit and QuantStudio™ 7 Flex Real-Time PCR System. Histopathological analysis was performed using cut tissues stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E).

We show that prophylactic intra-nasal administration of the TLR2/6 agonist INNA-051 in a SARS-CoV-2 ferret infection model effectively reduces levels of viral RNA in the nose and throat. After 5 days post-exposure to SARS-CoV-2, INNA-051 significantly reduced virus in throat swabs (p=<0.0001) by up to a 24 fold (96% reduction) and in nasal wash (p=0.0107) up to a 15 fold (93% reduction) in comparison to untreated animals.

The results of our study support clinical development of a therapy based on prophylactic TLR2/6 innate immune activation in the URT, to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission and provide protection against COVID-19.

This work was funded by Ena Respiratory, Melbourne, Australia.

This work was funded by Ena Respiratory, Melbourne, Australia.

The role of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in combination with radiotherapy (RT) in intermediate-risk prostate cancer (IRPC) remains controversial, particularly in patients receiving dose-escalated RT (DERT). We compared outcomes between patients with IRPC treated with ADT and two different doses of RT vs. RT alone.

From December 2000 to September 2010, 600 patients with IRPC were randomised to a three-arm trial consisting of 6 months of ADT plus RT 70Gy (ADT+RT70) vs. ADT plus a DERT of 76Gy (ADT+DERT76) vs. DERT of 76Gy alone (DERT76). Primary end-point was biochemical failure (BF), and secondary end-points were overall survival (OS) and toxicity. RT toxicity was assessed by Radiation Therapy Oncology Group/European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer criteria.

With a median follow-up of 11.3 years (interquartile range 10.9-11.7), patients receiving DERT76 alone, compared with patients receiving ADT+RT70 and ADT+DERT76, had higher rates of BF (32%, 18% and 14%, respectively, p<0.0alone with no difference in OS. In the setting of IRPC, ADT plus RT 70 Gy yields effective disease control with a better GI toxicity profile. Clinicaltrials.gov#NCT00223145.

The IMMUNOBIL PRODIGE 57 trial is a non-comparative randomized phase II study assessing the efficacy and safety of the durvalumab (an anti-PD-L1) and tremelimumab (an anti-CTLA4) combination with or without weekly paclitaxel in patients with advanced biliary tract carcinoma (BTC) after failure of platinum-based chemotherapy. Taxanes have already been safely combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors in other tumors. We report results of the 20-patient safety run-in.

Patients received durvalumab (1500mg at day 1 [D1] of each cycle)/tremelimumab (75mg at D1 for 4 cycles; Arm A) or durvalumab/tremelimumab with paclitaxel (80mg/m

at D1, D8, D15; Arm B) every 28 days.

Twenty patients were enrolled (Arm A/B 10/10). There were no dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) in Arm A. Six DLTs were observed in five patients (50%) in Arm B, meeting a stopping rule for the trial inclusions. DLTs includedthree serious anaphylactic reactions (with one cardiac arrest), two enterocolitis, and one infectious pneumopathy with septic shock.