Bradshawkaya3886
Dysphagia is a common sequela of Parkinson disease (PD) and is associated with malnutrition, aspiration pneumonia, and mortality. This review article synthesized evidence regarding the effectiveness of interventions for dysphagia in PD.
Electronic searches were conducted in Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, and speechBITE. Of the 2,015 articles identified, 26 met eligibility criteria interventional or observational studies with at least five or more participants evaluating dysphagia interventions in adults with PD-related dysphagia, with outcomes measured using videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS), fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES), or electromyography (EMG). Risk of bias (RoB) was evaluated using the Evidence Project tool and predetermined criteria regarding the rigor of swallowing outcome measures.
Interventions were classified as follows pharmacological (
= 11), neurostimulation (
= 8), and behavioral (
= 7). Primary outcome measures varied across studies, including swallowing timing, safety, and efficiency, and were measured using VFSS (
= 17), FEES (
= 6), and EMG (
= 4). Critical appraisal of study findings for RoB, methodological rigor, and transparency showed the majority of studies failed to adequately describe contrast media used, signal acquisition settings, and rater blinding to time point. Low certainty evidence generally suggested improved swallow timing with exercises with biofeedback and deep brain stimulation (DBS), improved safety with DBS and expiratory muscle strength training, and improved efficiency with the Lee Silverman Voice Treatment and levodopa.
Studies with lower RoB and greater experimental rigor showed potential benefit in improving swallowing efficiency but not safety. Further research investigating discrete changes in swallowing pathophysiology post-intervention is warranted to guide dysphagia management in PD.
https//doi.org/10.23641/asha.17132162.
https//doi.org/10.23641/asha.17132162.Objective Pediatric obesity and chronic pain are each associated with an increased risk for numerous poor physical and mental health outcomes. Co-occurring chronic pain and obesity (CPO) result in greater functional disability compared with either condition alone. The aim of the present study was to use qualitative methods to better understand the challenges experienced by adolescents with CPO, with a specific focus on physical activity. Methods Semistructured interviews were conducted with 13 youth with CPO. Participants were questioned about pain, physical activity, coping strategies, and the perceived relationship between weight and pain. Interviews were audiorecorded, transcribed, and analyzed according to Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Results Superordinate themes expressed by youth included Impact of Chronic Pain on Relationships, Impact of Pain on Self-Perception, Using Food to Cope with Pain, Perceived Relationship between Pain and Weight after Onset of Pain, Attitudes toward Physical Activity, Barriers to Physical Activity, and Supports to Physical Activity. Conclusions Participants identified challenges associated with CPO. Notably, participants identified pain as a greater barrier to exercise than weight, implicating the salience of chronic pain in the lives of youth with CPO. Furthermore, participants identified a desire to be more physically active, yet discussed struggles and concerns about attempts to increase their physical activity and indicated a desire for guidance about being more active. This study highlights the complexities of the relationship between CPO and underscores the importance of providers collaboratively working with patients to develop a practical plan to resume movement and physical activity.Advances in atomic, molecular, and optical physics techniques allowed the cooling of simple molecules down to the ultracold regime ([Formula see text]1 mK) and opened opportunities to study chemical reactions with unprecedented levels of control. This review covers recent developments in studying bimolecular chemistry at ultralow temperatures. We begin with a brief overview of methods for producing, manipulating, and detecting ultracold molecules. We then survey experimental works that exploit the controllability of ultracold molecules to probe and modify their long-range interactions. Further combining the use of physical chemistry techniques such as mass spectrometry and ion imaging significantly improved the detection of ultracold reactions and enabled explorations of their dynamics in the short range. We discuss a series of studies on the reaction KRb + KRb → K2 + Rb2 initiated below 1 [Formula see text]K, including the direct observation of a long-lived complex, the demonstration of product rotational state control via conserved nuclear spins, and a test of the statistical model using the complete quantum state distribution of the products. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Physical Chemistry, Volume 73 is April 2022. Please see http//www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
Best practices in the field of aphasia rehabilitation increasingly acknowledge a whole-person approach that values interventions aimed at reducing impairments, while also recognizing the impact of aphasia on participation and quality of life. Guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), this study aimed to examine whether current clinical practices along levels of service provision reflect this whole-person, multifaceted approach.
Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in the United States who provide intervention to people with aphasia across the continuum of care completed this cross-sectional online survey. Current outcome measurement and treatment practices were evaluated within the Living With Aphasia Framework for Outcome Measurement via multiple-choice and open-text response questions. Data were analyzed descriptively and using ordinal logistic regression models to compare clinical practices along levels of service provision.
Data from 90 SLPs revealed that language and ch to implementing change.[Figure see text].[Figure see text].[Figure see text].Background The small nucleolar RNA host gene 7 (SNHG7) has been suggested as a biomarker of metastatic cancer; however, its reliability is controversial. Therefore, the goal of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis to assess the reliability of SNHG7 as a comprehensive cancer metastasis diagnostic biomarker. Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) to identify articles which examined the role of SNHG7 in cancers. Random-effects models and fixed-effects models were conducted to estimate the pooled odds ratios (ORs) for the associations of SNHG7 with distant metastases and lymph node metastases. Hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (ROC) models were used to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of SNHG7 as a biomarker for cancer metastasis diagnoses. Results Nineteen studies comprised 1491 patients were included in this meta-analysis. We found that both distant metastasis (OR = 4.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.93-5.99, I2 = 34%) and lymph node metastasis (OR = 3.07, 95% CI = 1.65-5.68, I2 = 79.03%) were significantly associated with a higher expression of SNHG7. We also showed a pooled sensitivity and specificity of 74% (95% CI = 66-82) and 57% (95% CI = 53-61) for distant metastasis; as well as 72% (95% CI = 63-80) and 54% (95% CI = 46-63) for lymph node metastasis, respectively. Conclusion Our findings suggest that SNHG7 is a potential diagnostic biomarker for metastasis of cancer; however, its clinical application requires stronger evidence due to the low sensitivity and specificity. Further larger-scale studies from diverse settings and cancer types will be necessary to reveal novel insights into SNHG7 as a biomarker for cancer metastasis diagnoses.Necrotrophic pathogens are responsible for significant declines in crop yield and quality worldwide. During the infection process, a pathogen releases a series of secretory proteins to counteract the plant immune system, and this interaction of pathogen and host molecules determines whether the pathogen will successfully invade the host plant tissues. In this study, we adopted co-transcriptomic approaches to analyze the Lens ervoides-Stemphylium botryosum system, with a focus on 1,216 fungal genes coding for secretory proteins and 8,810 disease-responsive genes of the host 48, 96, and 144 h postinoculation, captured in two F9 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) displaying contrasting disease responses. By constructing in planta gene coexpression networks (GCNs) for S. botryosum, we found that the pathogen tended to co-upregulate genes regulating cell wall degradation enzymes, effectors, oxidoreductases, and peptidases to a much higher degree in the susceptible host LR-66-577 than in the resistant RIL LR-66-637, indicating that the promotion of these digestive enzymes and toxins increased S. botryosum virulence. Construction of cross-kingdom GCNs between pathogen and plant for the two RILs revealed that the co-upregulation of these fungal digestive enzymes and toxins simultaneously promoted a series of defense responses such as redox change, expression of membrane-related genes and serine/threonine kinase, and stress and disease responses in the susceptible RIL which was not observed in the resistant RIL, indicating that these activities exacerbated susceptibility to S. botryosum.[Formula see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.The development of knockout mutants and expression variants are critical for understanding genotype-phenotype relationships. However, advances in these techniques in gram-positive actinobacteria have stagnated over the last decade. Actinobacteria in the Clavibacter genus are composed of diverse crop pathogens that cause a variety of wilt and cankering diseases. Here, we present a suite of tools for genetic manipulation in the tomato pathogen Clavibacter michiganensis including a markerless deletion system, an integrative plasmid, and an R package for identification of permissive sites for plasmid integration. The vector pSelAct-KO is a recombination-based, markerless knockout system that uses dual selection to engineer seamless deletions of a region of interest, providing opportunities for repeated higher-order genetic knockouts. The efficacy of pSelAct-KO was demonstrated in C. michiganensis and was confirmed using whole-genome sequencing. click here We developed permissR, an R package to identify permissive sites for chromosomal integration, which can be used in conjunction with pSelAct-Express, a nonreplicating integrative plasmid that enables recombination into a permissive genomic location. Expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein by pSelAct-Express was verified in two candidate permissive regions predicted by permissR in C. michiganensis. link2 These molecular tools are essential advances for investigating gram-positive actinobacteria, particularly for important pathogens in the Clavibacter genus.[Formula see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). link3 This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
