Timmermannhansson4423

Immotile cilia sense extracellular signals such as fluid flow, but whether Ca2+ plays a role in flow sensing has been unclear. Here, we examined the role of ciliary Ca2+ in the flow sensing that initiates the breaking of left-right (L-R) symmetry in the mouse embryo. Intraciliary and cytoplasmic Ca2+ transients were detected in the crown cells at the node. These Ca2+ transients showed L-R asymmetry, which was lost in the absence of fluid flow or the PKD2 channel. Further characterization allowed classification of the Ca2+ transients into two types cilium-derived, L-R-asymmetric transients (type 1) and cilium-independent transients without an L-R bias (type 2). Type 1 intraciliary transients occurred preferentially at the left posterior region of the node, where L-R symmetry breaking takes place. Suppression of intraciliary Ca2+ transients delayed L-R symmetry breaking. Our results implicate cilium-derived Ca2+ transients in crown cells in initiation of L-R symmetry breaking in the mouse embryo.When and how people first settled in the Americas is an ongoing area of research and debate. The earliest sites typically only contain lithic artifacts that cannot be directly dated. The lack of human skeletal remains in these early contexts means that alternative sources of evidence are needed. Coprolites, and the DNA contained within them, are one such source, but unresolved issues concerning ancient DNA taphonomy and potential for contamination make this approach problematic. Here, we use fecal lipid biomarkers to demonstrate unequivocally that three coprolites dated to pre-Clovis are human, raise questions over the reliance on DNA methods, and present a new radiocarbon date on basketry further supporting pre-Clovis human occupation.Magnetic levitational bioassembly of three-dimensional (3D) tissue constructs represents a rapidly emerging scaffold- and label-free approach and alternative conceptual advance in tissue engineering. The magnetic bioassembler has been designed, developed, and certified for life space research. To the best of our knowledge, 3D tissue constructs have been biofabricated for the first time in space under microgravity from tissue spheroids consisting of human chondrocytes. Bioassembly and sequential tissue spheroid fusion presented a good agreement with developed predictive mathematical models and computer simulations. Tissue constructs demonstrated good viability and advanced stages of tissue spheroid fusion process. Thus, our data strongly suggest that scaffold-free formative biofabrication using magnetic fields is a feasible alternative to traditional scaffold-based approaches, hinting a new perspective avenue of research that could significantly advance tissue engineering. selleck inhibitor Magnetic levitational bioassembly in space can also advance space life science and space regenerative medicine.Hundreds of thousands of students drop out of school each year in the United States, despite billions of dollars of funding and myriad educational reforms. Existing research tends to look at the effect of easily measurable student characteristics. However, a vast number of harder-to-measure student traits, skills, and resources affect educational success. We present a conceptual framework for the cumulative effect of all factors, which we call student capital. We develop a method for estimating student capital in groups of students and find that student capital is distributed exponentially in each of 140 cohorts of community college students. Students' ability to be successful does not behave like standard tests of intelligence. Instead, it acts like a limited resource, distributed unequally. The results suggest that rather than removing barriers related to easily measured characteristics, interventions should be focused on building up the skills and resources needed to be successful in school.

Pharmacotherapy is an important, required aspect of family medicine residency training.

has very limited pharmacotherapy content that is targeted to a graduate medical education audience.

I implemented a Jeopardy-style game during a 1-hour didactic session to actively engage the family medicine residents. The game focused on reinforcing guidelines and teaching new medications. I created a session-specific evaluation tool to assess the residents' enjoyment of and learning from the activity.

Twenty-six family medicine residents participated in the session, working in groups of three or four. I evaluated the session using the session-specific evaluation tool and a standard didactics evaluation. Twenty-three of 26 residents completed the session-specific evaluation; all 26 completed the standard evaluation. All the residents agreed or strongly agreed that the session was enjoyable, an opportunity for learning, and something they would look forward to in the future. All the residents also agreed that the information presented applied to clinical practice. Comments primarily focused on the difficulty of the questions and the enjoyment of the session.

Based upon the results of the evaluations and comments, the residents felt the session was a valuable opportunity for learning. The session could be easily implemented by other family medicine or internal medicine programs. The tool can and should be updated as required to remain accurate and current.

Based upon the results of the evaluations and comments, the residents felt the session was a valuable opportunity for learning. The session could be easily implemented by other family medicine or internal medicine programs. The tool can and should be updated as required to remain accurate and current.

Home visits allow physicians to develop a deeper understanding of patients' homes and community, enhance physician-patient connectedness, and improve physician treatment plans for patients. We describe a unique pediatric posthospitalization home visit curriculum to train residents about the social determinants of health (SDH).

Residents participated in an interactive presentation that discussed the logistics of making home visits and a background detailing SDH. During subsequent home visits, residents got to know the family and neighborhood on a deeper level. After each home visit, residents participated in a reflection session and considered the impact of SDH. Surveys were completed to capture data about residents' knowledge and attitudes regarding SDH and connectedness with the families. Families' perspectives were captured by phone surveys.

Of residents, 23 of 31 (74%) were able to make at least one home visit. After participating in the curriculum, residents reported increased confidence in understanding SDH (

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