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01). CRP, TNF-α and IL-6 levels of inflammatory markers were also significantly lower in hypertonic saline groups compared to other groups (p < 0.001).

Our study shows that treatment with hypertonic saline reduces the progression of ARDS in sepsis (Tab. 3, Fig. 4, Ref. 49).

Our study shows that treatment with hypertonic saline reduces the progression of ARDS in sepsis (Tab. 3, Fig. 4, Ref. 49).

We aimed to evaluate the relationship between trauma patients' mortality and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) at intensive care units admission.

We examined 107 ICU trauma patients. Patients were divided into two groups as those who survived (Grup I) and deceased (Grup II). Patients' age, NLR, mean platelet volume (MPV), lactate value, length of stay in the intensive care unit, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation 2 (APACHE II) scores were examined. The effects of these factors on mortality were examined.

83 (77.58 %) patients were male, 24 (22.42 %) patients were female. The patients' mean age was 46.89 ± 19.06 years. The mean value of the lactate level was 3.25 ± 2.92, the mean value of MPV was 10.34 ± 1.02, the average value of NLR was 8.23 ± 8.11, the average score of APACHE II was 22.8 ± 8.75, and the average length of stay in the ICU was 11.33 ± 22.98 days. The relationship with mortality was evaluated between the groups, there was a statistically significant difference in APACHE II scores. There was no statistically significant difference between other variables.

NRL, MPV, lactate levels were not suitable for the evaluation of trauma patients as an early prognostic factor like APACHE II during admission to ICU (Tab. 2, Fig. 1, Ref. 23).

NRL, MPV, lactate levels were not suitable for the evaluation of trauma patients as an early prognostic factor like APACHE II during admission to ICU (Tab. 2, Fig. 1, Ref. 23).

To assess the diagnostic significance of magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) and conventional enteroclysis (CE) in patients with complicated and/or advanced stage of Crohn's disease.

Patients with abnormal CE findings suggestive of mural and/or extramural involvement with the diagnosis or pre-diagnosis of CD are evaluated. After real-time bowel distension by enteroscopic examination, the patients with advanced or complicated stage were taken to the MRE examination in the same session. Mucosal-mural-extramural and activation findings, presence of stenosis/stricture, skip lesions and the mean duration of exams were evaluated with both CE and MRE. The superiority of one method over the other relative to these findings was evaluated.

A total of 110 patients evaluated by CE had the findings of CD. Of these, 24 patients with abnormal CE findings suggestive of advanced mural and extramural involvements were subsequently evaluated with MRE. CE was superior to MRE in the depiction of early superficial mucosal changes (aphthous-linear ulcer), cobblestone pattern (p = 0.002, p < 0.01), obstruction (p = 0.004, p < 0.01), and differentiation between the string sign and stricture. MRE was superior to conventional enteroclysis in mural and perienteric findings of bowel thickening, fibro-fatty proliferation, abscess (p = 0.016, p 0.05).

CE and MRE are mutually complementary imaging modalities in CD staging, evaluation of activation findings, and detection of complications (Tab. 3, Fig. 8, Ref. 23).

CE and MRE are mutually complementary imaging modalities in CD staging, evaluation of activation findings, and detection of complications (Tab. 3, Fig. 8, Ref. 23).

Seven dioxaborole compounds are investigated in this study. Structural and spectral characterizations are done at the M062X/6-31+G(d,p) level in water. Active sites of these compounds are determined by contour plots of frontier molecular orbital and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) maps. Electrophilic and nucleophilic attack regions are determined. Since SARS-CoV-2 is a worldwide health problem, antiviral properties of studied boron-containing compounds are investigated by molecular docking calculations. In addition to these calculations, MM/PSBA calculations are performed.

It is found that the studied boron compounds can be good drug candidates against the main protease of SARS-CoV-2, while the best of them is 4,6-di-tert-butyl-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)benzo[d][1,3,2] dioxaborole (B2) (Tab. 3, Fig. 8, Ref. 23).

It is found that the studied boron compounds can be good drug candidates against the main protease of SARS-CoV-2, while the best of them is 4,6-di-tert-butyl-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)benzo[d][1,3,2] dioxaborole (B2) (Tab. 3, Fig. 8, Ref. 23).

This study aims to investigate whether there is a relationship between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and inflammation, using hematologic inflammatory parameters in a large sample of children and adolescents.

This retrospective study comprises 347 children and adolescents with ADHD between 6 and 17 years of age who met the inclusion criteria as well as 205 healthy children and adolescents in the control group. Serum parameters such as white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil, lymphocyte, platelet, monocyte, eosinophil and basophil counts, mean platelet volume (MPV), and platelet distribution width (PDW) were recorded from complete blood count tests at the time of admission, while neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and other ratios were calculated based on these counts.

NLR, PLR, MPV, PDW, WBC and neutrophil counts were significantly higher in children and adolescents with ADHD than in the control group. In the ADHD group, NLR, WBC and neutrophil counts were significantly higher in girls than in boys.

The results of this study support the hypothesis that inflammation plays an important role in the complex pathophysiology of ADHD. In addition, our data confirm that easily obtainable and reliable hematological parameters can be used when investigating the role of inflammation in ADHD etiology (Tab. 4, Ref. 44).

The results of this study support the hypothesis that inflammation plays an important role in the complex pathophysiology of ADHD. In addition, our data confirm that easily obtainable and reliable hematological parameters can be used when investigating the role of inflammation in ADHD etiology (Tab. 4, Ref. 44).

To investigate the association between maternal serum neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios (NLRs) and pregnancy outcomes in women with familial mediterranean fever (FMF).

FMF exists worldwide, it primarily affects Mediterranean countries METHODS We retrospectively analysed data from 269 pregnant women, who underwent a routine prenatal follow-up and delivery in our hospital from 2016 to 2020. Imatinib chemical structure Clinical and demographic data, including age, gravida, parity, abortus, proteinuria in the first trimester, NLR, obstetrical complications, gestational age at delivery, birthweight were retrieved from the patients' medical records. Data from 67 pregnant women with FMF and 202 healthy pregnant women were compared.

Patients with FMF showed higher rates of preeclampsia and primary caesarean delivery; however, there were no differences between the groups in terms of other obstetric complications or adverse neonatal outcomes. In both the FMF and control groups, NLRs in the third trimester were significantly higher than those in the first trimester. Additionally, patients in the FMF group demonstrated higher NLRs than patients in the control group in the third trimester.

The NLRs are a haematological parameter that can be used to predict subclinical inflammation and the effects of ongoing subclinical inflammation on the pregnancy outcomes in women with FMF (Tab. 4, Ref. 39).

The NLRs are a haematological parameter that can be used to predict subclinical inflammation and the effects of ongoing subclinical inflammation on the pregnancy outcomes in women with FMF (Tab. 4, Ref. 39).

To evaluate the acute effects of volume-targeted non-invasive ventilation (NIV) on hemodynamic parameters assessed by impedance cardiography in patients with obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS).

Despite the well-described beneficial effects of NIV using volume-targeted pressure support ventilation modes on respiration in OHS patients, questions were raised about the impact of this treatment on the cardiovascular system.

In 15 patients (10 men; mean age, 55.8±9.3 years) impedance cardiography recordings were taken at baseline, after 120 minutes while on NIV and 20 minutes after NIV termination. A repeated-measures analysis of variance was used for comparisons.

Compared to baseline, a reduction in heart rate (from 80±11 to 73±10 beats per min, p<0.05) was observed on NIV whereas the stroke volume and cardiac index remained stable throughout all three assessed intervals (p=0.347, p=0.344; respectively). The pre-ejection period increased on NIV (from 113±16 to 127±20 ms, p<0.05), and the left ventricular ejection time increased after NIV termination compared to baseline (from 259±25 to 269±25 ms, p<0.05).

Volume-targeted NIV may acutely improve systolic time intervals without any negative impact on the left ventricular function in OHS patients (Tab. 2, Ref. 17).

Volume-targeted NIV may acutely improve systolic time intervals without any negative impact on the left ventricular function in OHS patients (Tab. 2, Ref. 17).

The aim of this paper was to point out the intradural cranial nerve roots variations in their localization and number to establish the incidence and clinical importance of the cranial nerve root variations.

The anatomical study was performed on 120 sides in 60 cadavers. There were 51 male cadavers with the mean age 43.3 and 9 female cadavers with the mean age of 39.5 years.

Abducens nerve variations were observed in 48 cases (80 %). They were more frequently on the left side, in 25 cases (41.66 %). Duplicated abducens nerve was observed in 25 cases (41.66 %). Double and triple abducens nerve variations were also observed.

Cranial nerve variations are rare, but variations of abducens nerve and atypical exit of the hypoglossal nerve from the fossa cranium posterior is not a rare variation. Knowledge of this variation may be important to various fields of medicine (Tab. 3, Fig. 8, Ref. 34).

Cranial nerve variations are rare, but variations of abducens nerve and atypical exit of the hypoglossal nerve from the fossa cranium posterior is not a rare variation. Knowledge of this variation may be important to various fields of medicine (Tab. 3, Fig. 8, Ref. 34).

Recently, a possible role of circadian system in the pathogenesis of various gastrointestinal disorders gained an attention. The association of circadian system with immune system activity and reciprocal connection with intestinal microbiota indicate possible links with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD).

The retrospective study provided a semiquantitative immunohistochemical analysis of the expression of 8 core circadian proteins (BMAL1, BMAL2, PER1, PER2, PER3, CLOCK, NPAS2 and TIMELESS) in the epithelial cells of intestinal mucosa in 24 patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and 26 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Samples from patients without history of IBD served as the control. The BMAL1 protein expression in intramucosal inflammatory cells was explored as well.

The expression of 5 core circadian proteins (BMAL1, PER1, PER3, TIMELESS and NAPS2) was decreased in mucosal epithelium of patients with IBD in comparison with the control samples, whereas the expression of BMAL1 and PER1 was more noticeably decreased in UC patients and PER3, TIMELESS and NPAS2 in CD patients.