Thorhaugecowan9961

The complete chloroplast genome of Geum macrophyllum is reported and characterized in this study. The chloroplast genome of G. macrophyllum was a circular form with a size of 155,940 bp in length. The genome presented a typical quadripartite structure composed of a pair of inverted repeats (IRa and IRb) of 26,152 bp separated by a large single copy (LSC) region of 85,307 bp and a small single copy (SSC) region of 18,329 bp. The genome contained a set of 129 genes, including 84 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes, in which 17 were duplicated and 112 were unique. Phylogenetic analysis placed G. macrophyllum as sister to G. triflorum based on current sampling.We assembled a complete chloroplast genome of a pantropical legume, Canavalia rosea (Fabaceae). The chloroplast genome was 158,059 bp in length that was composed of a 77,752 bp large single copy region, a 18,993 bp small single copy region, and a pair of 30,657 bp inverted repeats. We detected 135 genes that consisted of 90 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, eight rRNA genes, and three pseudogenes (rps16 and a pair of rpl22).The cultivar of Rehmannia glutinosa (Orobanchaceae) is one of the four famous 'Huai' medicine cultivar species endemic to Henan Province in central China. In this study, we report the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of R. glutinosa cultivar Wen 85-5. The cp genome of R. glutinosa cultivar Wen 85-5 was 155,499 bp in length and contained a pair of inverted repeat regions (IR, 25,748 bp) separated by a small single copy (SSC, 17,600 bp) and a large single copy (LSC, 84,403 bp) region. Chloroplast genome sequences of two cultivar of R. glutinosa (Wen 85-5 and Jiwang 1) are identical to each other. The sequence of cp genome of R. glutinosa cultivar Wen 85-5 was 99.70% similar to the wild population of R. glutinosa. Some distinctive insert and deletion in R. glutinosa cultivar Wen 85-5 by comparison with wild population were reported. The maximum-likelihood phylogenetic analysis revealed that R. glutinosa cultivar Wen 85-5.was sister to the R. glutinosa cultivar Jiwang 1 (BS = 100%), and further clustering with R. glutinosa (BS = 100%). This result will be helpful for the conservation and breeding programs of the cultivar of R. glutinosa.Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. see more distributed in subtropical regions of Asia including southern China and India. The plant is used as a traditional medicine in China for the treatment of menorrhagia, osteoporosis, and other gynecological problems. The complete chloroplast genome was reported in this study using the Illumina NovaSeq platform. The whole genome of this species was 157,472 bp in length, with a total GC content of 37.44%. The large single copy (LSC) was 86,507 bp, the small single copy (SSC) was 16,867 bp, and both of the two inverted repeats (IRs) were 27,049 bp, respectively. A total of 132 unique genes were identified, among which are 86 protein-coding genes, 38 tRNA genes and 8 rRNA genes. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that C. orchioides was highly clustered with C. capitulata. Our study will provide useful fundamental data for further phylogenetic and evolutionary studies of C. orchioides.Incarvillea sinensis Lam. is the type of the genus Incarvillea Juss., and it is widely distributed, relative to other members of the genus. In this paper, we sequenced, assembled and annotated the chloroplast genome of Incarvillea sinensis. The complete chloroplast genome is 162,088 bps in size, with overall GC content of 39.4%. We annotated 113 unique genes in the plastome sequence, including 79 protein coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and four rRNA genes. The phylogenetic analysis based on chloroplast genome sequences resulted in a different resolution on the relationships among subgenera from the former.Corydalis DC., the largest genus of Papaveraceae, was recognized as one of the most taxonomically challenging plant taxa. Due to the lack of genetic information used in previous studies, species discrimination and taxonomic assignment in Corydalis have not been fully solved. Here, the complete chloroplast genomes were reported for Corydalis edulis Maxim. and Corydalis shensiana Liden, with their genome sizes being 154,395 and 155,938 bp, respectively. Both of the chloroplast genomes comprise two inverted repeat (IR) regions, separated by a large single-copy (LSC) region and a small single-copy (SSC) region, and encode 130 genes, including 85 protein-coding genes, 8 ribosomal RNA genes, 37 transfer RNA genes. Our study will provide novel insight into the molecular phylogeny and classification of Corydalis.Nardostachys jatamans is an endemic herb in China, distributes mainly in Southeast Gansu, South Qinghai and West Sichuan of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome (a typical quadripartite structure) sequence of N. jatamans was reported. The length of the DNA molecule was 155,268 bp with a large single-copy region (LSC 87,263 bp), small single-copy region (SSC 17,327 bp) and inverted repeats (IRa and IRb 25,339 bp). The overall GC content was 38.56%. It has a total of 129 genes, containing 83 protein-coding genes, 38 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes. The phylogenetic analysis has shown that N. jatamans is sister to Valeriana offcinalis. The chloroplast genome provides the basis for development and utilization of N. jatamans in future.In this study, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of the Huangshan Black chicken (HBC). Results showed that the complete HBC mitogenome was 16,785 bp in size, comprising 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, and 1 non-coding control region (D-loop). The overall nucleotide composition was 32.5% for C, 30.3% for A, 23.7% for T, and 13.5% for G. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the HBC mitogenome was clustered with Xianju chicken, which belonged to the haplogroup D2. Our results therefore demonstrate that the origin of HBC corresponds to haplogroup D2 distribution and might have at least one maternal lineage originated from Southeast Asia.The black-spotted stout newt (Pachytriton brevipes) is widely distributed in the mountains of southeastern China. In this study, we sequenced and determined the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenomes) of two P. brevipes samples collected in Mount Wuyi. The assembled mitogenomes were 16,298 bp and 16,301 bp in length, and contained 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, one non-coding region, and one control region. The phylogenetic analysis indicated the two samples of black-spotted stout newt grouped together and are the sister group of P. feii.Chlorella vulgaris ITBBA3-12 has a role in the purification of the rubber processing wastewater. Its complete chloroplast genome contains 168369 bp, with a G + C content of 33.0%. A total of 147 genes were annotated, including 113 protein-coding genes, three rRNA (rrn23, rrn16, and rrn5) genes, and 31 tRNA genes. The significant feature of the chloroplast genome is that the genes encoding subunit V (petG), VI (petL), and apocytochrome f (petA) of the cytochrome b6/f complex are in triplicate, which was not observed in the other C. vulgaris strains. Phylogenetic analysis using the chloroplast genomes of Chlorophyta species indicated that ITBBA3-12 is closely related to C. vulgaris strain UTEX259 and NJ-7, and they clustered in the Chlorella lineage.Background  Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is increasingly being used as a first-line treatment for acute cholecystitis. Bile duct injury (BDI) remains the most feared complication of the minimally invasive approach specially in cases with an inflamed calots triangle. While use of indocyanine dye (ICG) to delineate biliary anatomy serves to reduce BDI, the high cost of the technology prohibits its use in the developing world. We propose a novel use of common bile duct (CBD) stenting preoperatively in cases of cholecystitis secondary to choledocholithiasis as a means of identification and safeguarding the CBD. Methods  A retrospective review was conducted on 22 patients of Grade 2 or Grade 3 cholecystitis who underwent an early LC at our institution. All patients were stented preoperatively and the stent was used for a much-needed tactile feedback during dissection. A c-arm with intraoperative fluoroscopy was used to identify the CBD prior to clipping of the cystic duct. Results  The gall bladder was gangrenous in all the cases while two cases had evidence of end organ damage. This innovative use of CBD stenting allowed us to correctly delineate biliary anatomy in all of the cases and we report no instances of BDI despite a severely inflamed local environment. Conclusion  This technique can become a standard of care in all teaching institutions in developing countries further enhancing the safety of cholecystectomy in gangrenous cholecystitis with a distorted biliary anatomy.Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injuries are not as common as other knee ligament injuries, but may present a challenging scenario for even skilled knee surgeons. Complete PCL tears are typically encountered in the setting of multiligament knee injuries and require surgical treatment. Isolated complete PCL injuries are uncommon and the best treatment is debated, and likely depends on the degree of symptoms and objective instability. However, many PCL injuries will be partial tears (grade I or II). The purpose of this chapter is to describe our treatment of choice for partial PCL injuries through a conservative approach. Level of evidence  Level IV.

To report the identification of 2 new homozygous recessive mutations in the synaptotagmin 2 (

) gene as the genetic cause of severe and early presynaptic forms of congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMSs).

Next-generation sequencing identified new homozygous intronic and frameshift mutations in the

gene as a likely cause of presynaptic CMS. We describe the clinical and electromyographic patient phenotypes, perform ex vivo splicing analyses to characterize the effect of the intronic mutation on exon splicing, and analyze the functional impact of this variation at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ).

The 2 infants presented a similar clinical phenotype evoking first a congenital myopathy characterized by muscle weakness and hypotonia. Next-generation sequencing allowed to the identification of 1 homozygous intronic mutation c.465+1G>A in patient 1 and another homozygous frameshift mutation c.328_331dup in patient 2, located respectively in the 5' splice donor site of

intron 4 and in exon 3. Functional studies of the intronic mutation validated the abolition of the splice donor site of exon 4 leading to its skipping. In-frame skipping of exon 4 that encodes part of the C2A calcium-binding domain of SYT2 is associated with a loss-of-function effect resulting in a decrease of neurotransmitter release and severe pre- and postsynaptic NMJ defects.

This study identifies new homozygous recessive

mutations as the underlying cause of severe and early presynaptic form of CMS expanding the genetic spectrum of recessive

-related CMS associated with defects in neurotransmitter release.

This study identifies new homozygous recessive SYT2 mutations as the underlying cause of severe and early presynaptic form of CMS expanding the genetic spectrum of recessive SYT2-related CMS associated with defects in neurotransmitter release.