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50-92.31%. Specific CAEV antibodies were also detected in milk samples. CAEV proviral DNA was detected in 53.85-62.50%. The results from all tests performed in the third farm (F3) were negative, indicating that all tests were 100% specific.
The results showed that CAEV is circulating and present in small hobbyist goat farms in Russia. Serological and molecular tests could be important for programs to control and eradicate CAEV in Russia for hobbyist goat farms.
The results showed that CAEV is circulating and present in small hobbyist goat farms in Russia. Serological and molecular tests could be important for programs to control and eradicate CAEV in Russia for hobbyist goat farms.The present case highlights the endodontic management of a maxillary second molar with three roots and seven canals. Root canal treatment was performed for the maxillary second molar diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. During the procedure under magnification, extra canals were detected in the mesiobuccal root. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) evaluation confirmed four canals in the mesiobuccal root with Vertucci's Type XXI (4-1) pattern. The distobuccal root exhibited two canals with Vertucci's Type III (1-2-1) configuration. The palatal canal was single and large. AS101 ic50 A 4 year follow-up revealed satisfactory clinical and radiographic findings. Magnification and CBCT allow us to explore possible anatomic variations with insights to tackle such situations clinically.Restorative treatment in recent times has seen a paradigm shift due to minimally invasive adhesive dentistry. With advent of material science, bonding mechanisms, and superior isolation techniques, treatments based entirely on adhesion are effectively attainable. The choice between direct and indirect restorative technique, mainly in posterior areas, is still a challenge and involves biomechanical, anatomical, functional, esthetic, and economic considerations. The rationale of this case report is to demonstrate a revised cavity design based on morphological principles in terms of geometry (height of contour and cuspal inclines) and structure (dentinoenamel junction morphology) inspired from conventional preparation techniques.
This study aimed to compare the efficiency of continuous and intermittent irrigating methods on the removal of dentin debris from the simulated grooves and to evaluate the dynamics of irrigant using computational fluid dynamics (CFD).
Seventy-five extracted human permanent maxillary canines were selected. Access cavities were made, working length was determined, and canals were prepared by crown down technique. The teeth were split longitudinally and standard groove 2.0 mm in length was made in split halves and each groove was filled with dentin debris and the images were taken under a microscope (E200). The halves were re-assembled and divided into five groups based on different irrigation methods. Group 1 ultrasonic Irrigation with continuous flow for 3.0 min; Group 2 ultrasonic irrigation with continuous flow for 1.5 min; Group 3 ultrasonic irrigation with intermittent flow for 3.0 min; Group 4 ultrasonic irrigation with the intermittent flow for 1.5 min; and Group 5 syringe irrigation for 1 min. The rnuous irrigation compared with intermittent irrigation. CFD study revealed that the turbulence that was affected by the velocity and pressure of the irrigant introduced and is a variable entity.
The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the retreatability of BioRoot RCS and AH Plus sealer with two different retreatment file systems using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) for assessing the filling remnants.
A total of sixty mandibular premolars with single and oval root canals were prepared till size F3 and obturated with GP/AH Plus (Group 1) and GP/BioRoot RCS (Group 2). Canals were then retreated using two different retreatment file systems - ProTaper Universal Retreatment (PTUR) system and NeoEndo Retreatment system. The ability to re-establish working length (WL) and apical patency was recorded, and the percentage volume of residual filling material was evaluated using CBCT at the coronal, middle, and apical thirds. Data from the study were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance with Pearson's Chi-squared analysis and the Kruskal-Wallis test.
No statistically significant difference was found in the amount of residual sealer (AH Plus and BioRoot RCS) after retreatment throughout the whole study (
> 0.05) at various root canal levels. Furthermore, the BioRoot RCS group retreated with the PTUR system showed a higher frequency of failure in re-establishing WL and regaining apical patency than the other groups.
Complete removal of root canal sealers could not be achieved regardless of the type of sealer used and the retreatment technique employed. Furthermore, in clinical settings, the retreatability of novel BioRoot RCS may be deemed feasible.
Complete removal of root canal sealers could not be achieved regardless of the type of sealer used and the retreatment technique employed. Furthermore, in clinical settings, the retreatability of novel BioRoot RCS may be deemed feasible.
The aim of this
study was to compare the effects of herbal irrigants with conventional irrigants on microhardness and flexural strength of root dentin.
Sixty extracted permanent maxillary canines were selected. Decoronated roots were sectioned longitudinally into buccal and lingual segments to get 120 specimens. These were embedded in auto polymerizing acrylic resin and further grounded with fine emery papers under distilled water. Of these, 100 root segments without any defects were selected, further divided into four test groups and a control group according to the irrigants used (
= 20). Group 1 2.5% Sodium hypochlorite, Group 2 Miswak stick extract, Group 3 Cashew leaves extract. Group 4 Mango leaves extract and Group 5 Normal saline (control). All specimens were treated with 5 ml of each irrigant for 10 minutes and rinsed immediately. Dentin microhardness was measured with a Vickers indenter, and the flexural strength test was done using a universal testing machine. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and the intergroup comparison by student
-test.
The experimental groups showed a significant reduction in microhardness values when compared with the control group. Intragroup comparison among experimental groups, herbal irrigants showed the least reduction in microhardness values at cervical, middle, and apical thirds. When compared to the control group, the flexural strength values decreased significantly with experimental groups.
Within the limitation of this study, it was concluded that herbal irrigants were least detrimental to root dentin microhardness when compared with conventional irrigant. But the flexural strength was equally reduced by both conventional and herbal irrigants.
Within the limitation of this study, it was concluded that herbal irrigants were least detrimental to root dentin microhardness when compared with conventional irrigant. But the flexural strength was equally reduced by both conventional and herbal irrigants.
Lower degree of conversion (DC%) of monomer to polymer in a resin composite restoration could be a health hazard for the patient as well as it could affect the longevity of the restoration.
This study is aimed to compare and evaluate the DC% of four different composites polymerized using ultrafast photopolymerization.
study.
A total of 40 disc-shaped composite samples were used in the study. Twenty samples were prepared for each group using 2 mm height and 6 mm diameter Tygon tube as a matrix. All of the composites were cured using the Woodpecker i Led light-curing unit with an intensity of 2300-2500 mW/cm
(TURBO mode). Samples in Group 1 were cured for 1 s and samples in Group 2 were cured for 3 s. Each group had 4 subgroups of five samples of the 4 resin composites tested. After photo-activation, the specimens were stored under dark dry conditions at room temperature for 24 h before testing. The DC% was measured using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy.
The DC% were analyzed using ANOVA, and Tukey HSD
test using IBM SPSS 21 software.
Among the experimental groups, Group 2 showed a higher DC% which ranges from 93.7% to 95.4% than Group 1 which ranges from 58.5% to 65.5%. There was a statistically significant difference in the DC% among the materials tested (
< 0.05).
Within the limitations of the study, it was concluded that composites cured for 3 s showed a higher DC% which ranges from 93.7% to 95.4% than those cured for 1 s. The DC% also varied among the four different composites tested.
Within the limitations of the study, it was concluded that composites cured for 3 s showed a higher DC% which ranges from 93.7% to 95.4% than those cured for 1 s. The DC% also varied among the four different composites tested.
The aim is to assess and compare the microcrack formation in radicular dentin after obturating the root canals with cold lateral condensation (CLC), warm vertical condensation (WVC), and injectable gutta-percha (IGP) techniques using micro-computed tomography (CT).
Human extracted mandibular premolar teeth (
= 60) were haphazardly assigned based on the obturation technique into three experimental groups (
= 20 each). Root canals are cleaned and shaped with M Two rotary files and 3% sodium hypochlorite irrigant. Cross-sectional images were taken with Micro-CT to record the baseline defects present on root samples. After root canal obturation either with CLC or WVC or injectable obturation techniques, micro-CT images were captured again to analyze the increase in the number and type of dentinal defects. Statistical analysis of data was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test and the Mcnemar test at 5% significance level.
An increase in the number of radicular micro-cracks was identified in samples obturated with lateral condensation technique (1.66%). No change in the percentage of micro-cracks was recorded after obturation with warm vertical or injectable guttapercha (IGP) techniques (
> 0.05). The three obturation techniques were not statistically different in the occurrence of micro-cracks after obturation.
The three obturating techniques tested showed no significant increase in radicular dentin defects' occurrence or propagation.
The three obturating techniques tested showed no significant increase in radicular dentin defects' occurrence or propagation.
The aim is to compare the shaping ability, canal straightening, and the preparation time of five different nickel-titanium rotary files in simulated J-shaped canals.
Ninety J-shaped canals in resin blocks were filled with 2% Methylene Blue solution and pre-instrumentation images were taken using a Leica microscope at a ×10. They were prepared until size 25 taper 0.04 using (
= 18 per group) T-Flex, HyFlex CM, Vortex Blue, S5, and iRace. After instrumentation, images were captured again, and composite images were made using Adobe Photoshop imaging software. The differences in canal width and canal curvature at each respective landmark were measured and compared. The preparation time and canal abbreviations were also recorded. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA and
Tukey HSD tests. The level of statistical significance was set to
= 0.05.
HyFlex CM demonstrated the least difference in canal width after instrumentation, but no significant difference (
> 0.05) as compared to T-Flex and Vortex Blue.
