Refsgaardkeith6446
The increased life expectancy of persons with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) raises questions regarding the medical decisions related to life and death, made on their behalf during their later lives. However, little is known about how parents make such decisions for their ageing child.
Explore parents' views on medical decisions related to life and death for their ageing child with PIMD.
We interviewed 27 parents of persons with PIMD (≥ 15 years) and analyzed the data thematically.
Parents who were convinced that their ageing child's quality of life (QoL) was good, stated that their child "deserved the same treatment as any other person". Others rejected life-prolonging treatments for their child because they believed such treatment would diminish their child's QoL. Some of the parents who thought their child's QoL was poor, mentioned that withholding treatment is only an option in a crisis situation and contemplated other options to shorten their child's life.
Parents feel equipped to take on a central role in medical decisions related to life and death for their ageing child with PIMD, and desire understanding from medical professionals for their views on their child's interests, which sometimes includes physician-assisted death.
Parents feel equipped to take on a central role in medical decisions related to life and death for their ageing child with PIMD, and desire understanding from medical professionals for their views on their child's interests, which sometimes includes physician-assisted death.
Dementia in people with intellectual disability (ID) is frequent but hard to recognise. Evidence-based recommendations for suitable instruments are lacking.
The present study set out to evaluate informant-based dementia assessment instruments and to provide evidence-based recommendations for instruments most suitable in clinical practice and research.
A systematic review was conducted across ten international electronic databases. The COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) guidelines, including a risk of bias assessment, was applied to extract information and to evaluate measurement properties and the quality of available evidence.
In total, 42 studies evaluating 18 informant-based assessment instruments were analysed. For screening purposes, we recommend the Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia in Down Syndrome Scale (BPSD-DS), the Cognitive Scale for Down Syndrome (CS-DS), and the Dementia Screening Questionnaire for Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities (DSQIID). For a more thorough dementia assessment, we recommend the Cambridge Examination for Mental Disorders of Older People with Down's Syndrome and Others with Intellectual Disabilities (CAMDEX-DS).
Our study informs clinicians and researchers about adequate, well-evaluated dementia assessment instruments for people with ID, and highlights the need for high quality studies, especially regarding content validity.
Our study informs clinicians and researchers about adequate, well-evaluated dementia assessment instruments for people with ID, and highlights the need for high quality studies, especially regarding content validity.Characterizing the interactions among attention, cognitive control, and emotion during adolescence may provide important insights into why this critical developmental period coincides with a dramatic increase in risk for psychopathology. However, it has proven challenging to develop a single neurobehavioral task that simultaneously engages and differentially measures these diverse domains. In the current study, we describe properties of performance on the Emotional Word-Emotional Face Stroop (EWEFS) task in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, a task that allows researchers to concurrently measure processing speed/attentional vigilance (i.e., performance on congruent trials), inhibitory control (i.e., Stroop interference effect), and emotional information processing (i.e., difference in performance on trials with happy as compared to angry distracting faces). We first demonstrate that the task manipulations worked as designed and that Stroop performance is associated with multiple cognitive constructs derived from different measures at a prior time point. We then show that Stroop metrics tapping these three domains are preferentially associated with aspects of externalizing psychopathology and inattention. These results highlight the potential of the EWEFS task to help elucidate the longitudinal dynamics of attention, inhibitory control, and emotion across adolescent development, dynamics which may be altered by level of psychopathology.Early attachment shapes brain development underlying emotion regulation. Given that sensitivity to affective cues is heightened during adolescence and effective emotion regulation strategies continue to develop, it is imperative to examine the role of early attachment and parental influence on adolescent regulation. Fifty-one children (M age=32.61 months) participated in a modified Strange Situation with their mother and approximately 10 years later (M age =13.2 years) completed an fMRI scan during which they were presented with appetitive and aversive affective cues (images of adolescent interactions) during a Go-Nogo task. They completed the task alone and in the presence of a parent. Behavioral multilevel models and whole-brain analyses showed attachment-related patterns, such that affective cues elicited greater behavioral and neural dysregulation in insecure (versus secure) adolescents.Furthermore, parental presence buffered behavioral and neural dysregulation toward socially aversive cues for adolescents with early insecure attachment, underscoring the salience of caregivers across development in promoting regulation in their offspring.Facial emotion processing (FEP) is critical to social cognitive ability. Developmentally, FEP rapidly improves in early childhood and continues to be fine-tuned throughout middle childhood and into adolescence. Previous research has suggested that language plays a role in the development of social cognitive skills, including non-verbal emotion recognition tasks. Here we investigated whether language is associated with specific neurophysiological indicators of FEP. One hundred and fourteen children (4-12 years) completed a language assessment and a FEP task including stimuli depicting anger, happiness, fear, and neutrality. EEG was used to record key event related potentials (ERPs; P100, N170, LPP at occipital and parietal sites separately) previously shown to be sensitive to faces and facial emotion. While there were no main effects of language, the P100 latency to negative expressions appeared to increase with language, while LPP amplitude increased with language for negative and neutral expressions. These findings suggest that language is linked to some early physiological indicators of FEP, but this is dependent on the facial expression. Future studies should explore the role of language in later stages of neural processing, with a focus on processes localised to ventromedial prefrontal regions.
Traditional Mexican potters and their families have been occupationally exposed to lead for centuries; however, studies on blood lead levels (BLL) and their adverse health impact on this population are scarce. There is no safe BLL, even at 1μg/dL there are associated health effects.
To systematize and characterize Mexican potters' historic lead exposure through their BLL and associated health outcomes.
Using PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review through January 2021 of published studies on BLL and associated health outcomes in Mexican potters.
Fifteen studies containing data from 1980 to 2013 met the inclusion criteria and were published between 1980 and 2018. Study populations ranged from n=5 to n=457, and included adult potters (mean BLL 37.9±16.2μg/dL) and/or their children (mean BLL 22.5±10.5μg/dL). Studies reported on general lead poisoning symptoms, neurotoxic and nephrotoxic outcomes as well as correlated biomarkers.
Our results confirm high occupational and para-occupational lead exposure. Despite governmental and non-governmental initiatives to promote lead-free glazes, lead continues to be used by traditional potters and their families.
Our results confirm high occupational and para-occupational lead exposure. Despite governmental and non-governmental initiatives to promote lead-free glazes, lead continues to be used by traditional potters and their families.
Anti-hepatitis A virus (HAV) antibody titers at 20 IU/L are assumed to correlate with protection against HAV challenge.
We examined the accuracy and precision of currently in use immunoassays for total or anti-HAV IgG determination, by repeated testing of dilutions of the international anti-HAV standard, within a 10-50 IU/mL concentration range.
Eight immunoassays were evaluated. All could confidently identify people who need to be vaccinated, or who might benefit from a booster vaccine no positive interpretation for the 10 and 15 IU/mL concentrations. However, qualitative interpretation may differ from test to test in the 15-30 IU/mL range. This variation has to be taken into account when comparing seroprevalence data.
Eight immunoassays were evaluated. All could confidently identify people who need to be vaccinated, or who might benefit from a booster vaccine no positive interpretation for the 10 and 15 IU/mL concentrations. However, qualitative interpretation may differ from test to test in the 15-30 IU/mL range. This variation has to be taken into account when comparing seroprevalence data.The development of urbanization has brought a large amount of construction and demolition waste (CDW), which occupy land and cause adverse ecological effects. To effectively solve the negative impact of CDW, it needs to be recycled. Accurate waste classification is key to successful waste management. However, the current waste classification methods mainly use color images to classify, which cannot meet the needs of accurate classification. Ponatinib This paper built an RGB-depth (RGB-D) detection platform, using a color camera and a laser line-scanning sensor to collect RGB images and depth images. In order to use RGB images and depth images for feature fusion more effectively, this paper proposed three fusion models RGB-D concat、RGB-D Ci-add and RGB-D Ci-concat. All these models based on an instance segmentation network called mask region convolutional neural network (Mask R-CNN), which can accurately segment the contours of each object while classifying them. The experimental results show that the mAPs of the RGB-D Ci-add / concat model are 1.33% to 1.72% higher than those of the RGB model, and the classification accuracy is 1.92% ∼ 2.27% higher. In addition, all the proposed models can meet the real-time requirement of online detection. Due to the excellent comprehensive performance of the RGB-D Ci-concat model, it can be regarded as the final detection model of the robot, which can improve the sorting efficiency of CDW further.Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are abundant in mammalian genomes and have been found to play important roles in many biological events. However, the mechanism by which lncRNAs regulate embryonic development remains to be fully elucidated. Here, we investigated the function of the lncRNA, TCONS_00135926 (referred to as lnc5926), through knockdown and overexpression experiments in goat early embryos. Lnc5926 expression at the eight-cell embryonic stage was significantly higher than that at other stages, which was consistent with the pattern of embryonic genome activation (EGA) gene expression. The blastocyst rate after lnc5926 knockdown in eight-cell embryos was significantly lower than that in the control group (0.2% vs. 17.1%, p less then 0.05), whereas the cleavage rate was not affected (71.9% vs. 75.1%, p ˃ 0.05). After knockdown or overexpression of lnc5926 in embryos, we measured expression levels of the potential target genes, STAM, HACD1, UBL5, MIOX, ELF1, and the key EGA genes, ZSCAN4 and EIF1AX. Only ZSCAN4 and EIF1AX were significantly downregulated after lnc5926 knockdown, and this effect was reversed by lnc5926 overexpression.
