Hirschappel4077
548). Severity of obsessions, comorbid substance use and depressive/anxious symptoms increased the risk, whereas compulsions had a comparatively protective effect.
Owing to the small number of studies reporting completed suicide rates, this metric was not included in the meta-analysis. The degree of heterogeneity between the studies was high.
Clinicians should keep in mind that one out of ten patients with OCD attempts suicide during his/her lifetime, about one third has current suicidal ideation and about half has had suicidal ideation in the past. Several clinical features are associated with increased risk and should be factored into clinical risk management.
Clinicians should keep in mind that one out of ten patients with OCD attempts suicide during his/her lifetime, about one third has current suicidal ideation and about half has had suicidal ideation in the past. Several clinical features are associated with increased risk and should be factored into clinical risk management.
Gait, balance, and cognitive disorders are common in people with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). In addition, people with MS have impaired ability to concurrently perform gait/balance and cognitive tasks due to cognitive-motor interference (CMI). Clinical features of MS may affect CMI; however, the relationship between CMI and clinical features of MS remains unclear.
Are clinical features of MS associated with CMI?
A systematic review was conducted, and four databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, ProQuest, and Web of Science Core Collections) were searched up to March 2019 using a combination of keywords related to MS and dual-tasking/CMI. Cross-sectional or longitudinal studies that reported the association between CMI and clinical features of MS were included in the review. The correlation coefficient for the relationship between CMI and clinical features of MS were extracted and the results were categorized according to the clinical feature measured.
13 studies were included in this review, of which nine investigateand other clinical features of MS included in this review.
This review presents evidence from a small number of studies that suggests disability and cognition are negatively associated with CMI in people with MS, indicating that greater disability and cognitive dysfunction may be associated with lower dual-task performance. These findings highlight the potential importance of disability and cognition in the measurement and rehabilitation of people with dual-task impairments. However, further research is required to confirm these findings and determine the relationship between CMI and other clinical features of MS included in this review.A new series of pyrazole-naphthalene derivatives (5a-5q) have been synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer activity against human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7). Most of newly synthesized compounds (except 5i, 5m, and 5p) exhibited potent antiproliferative activity in the range of IC50 = 2.78 ± 0.24 μM - 9.13 ± 0.47 μM. Among them, compound 5j (IC50 = 2.78 ± 0.24 μM), bearing ethoxy at the 4-position of the phenyl ring, was found to be the most active compound in this series of compounds, with five folds more active than the standard drug cisplatin (IC50 = 15.24 ± 1.27 μM). In addition, compound 5j and colchicine showed the same ability to inhibit tubulin polymerization with the IC50 values of 4.6 μM and 6.7 μM, respectively. Cellular mechanism studies elucidated that compound 5j arrested the cell cycle at G2/M phase and induced apoptosis. Furthermore, molecular docking analysis revealed that compound 5j formed stable interactions in the colchicine-binding site of tubulin.A new series of triazolopyrimidines and thiazolopyrimidine hydrobromides was designed and prepared as topoisomerase II inhibitors. Screening of all synthesized compounds was carried out by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) of USA. Activity against 60 human cancer cell lines representing different cancer types was determined. Accordingly, compound 3d was the most potent inhibitor especially against the renal cell line A498 causing 92.46% inhibition (IC50 = 3.5 μM). Moreover, cell cycle analysis showed cell cycle arrest caused by compound 3d at the G2/M phase leading to cell proliferation inhibition and pro-apoptotic activity. Also, thiazolopyrimidine 3d showed potent topoisomerase II inhibitory activity (IC50 2.89 μM) compared to doxorubicin which was used as a reference compound with (IC50 2.67 μM). Moreover, molecular modeling study of the synthesized compounds was performed and revealed the binding interactions of compound 3d in the binding site of topoisomerase II enzyme rationalizing the significant inhibitory activity of this derivative.Chinese oak (Quercus serrata var. brevipetiolata) belongs to the genus Quercus in Fagaceae family. Its seed, called as Chinese acorn, has been served as a traditional medicine and foodstuff in China. In this study, ten jasmonates were isolated and purified from Chinese acorn, including five new (1-5) and five known jasmonates (6-10). The new jasmonates were identified as butyl (1R,2R)-2-[(2'Z)-5'-hydroxy-penten-2'-enyl]-3-oxo-cyclopentane acetate (1), methyl 2-[4'-(β-d-glucopyranosyloxy)-pentyl-3-oxo-cyclopentane acetate (2), methyl (1R,2R)-2-[(2'Z,4'R)-4'-(β-d-glucopyransyloxy)-pent-2'-enyl]-3-oxo-cyclopentane acetate (3), methyl (1R,2R)-2-[(2'E,4'S)-4'-(β-d-glucopyransyloxy)-pent-2'-enyl]-3-oxo-cyclopentane acetate (4), and methyl (1R,2R)-2-[(2'S,3'E)-2'-(β-D-glucopyransyloxy)-pent-3'-enyl]-3-oxo-cyclopentane acetate (5), respectively. The isolated jasmonates were evaluated for anti-neuroinflammatory activity, and some showed pronounced inhibitory effects on the production of nitric oxide (NO) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in BV-2 microglia cells. Some jasmonates could dose-dependently reduce the expression of LPS-induced pro-inflammatory factors (iNOS and COX-2) and could block NF-κB nuclear translocation. This study suggested that Chinese acorns could be served as a healthy product for neuroinflammatory related diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease.p-Coumaric acid is a known inhibitor of tyrosinase, an enzyme involved in the initial steps of the melanin synthesis in human and other species. However, its low lipophilicity impairs its penetration through skin and efficacy as antimelanogenic agent indeed. Accordingly, this paper reports the assessment of several coumaric acid derivatives as tyrosinase inhibitors and antimelanogenic agents in in vitro, in silico and ex vivo assays. The compounds were designed with modifications in the aromatic and acid moieties of p-coumaric acid, being the coumarate esters the most promising derivatives. The compounds showed higher tyrosinase inhibitory activity (pIC50 3.7-4.2) than the parent acid, being compounds 1d, 1e and 1f the most potent inhibitors. Docking analysis showed that these esters are competitive inhibitors per se, and act independently of a redox mechanism as suggested by DPPH assays. Moreover, the esters showed efficacy in reducing the melanin deposition in human skin fragments at 0.1% concentration, especially compound 1e. In summary, there is an important equilibria between tyrosinase affinity and lipophilicity that must be considered to get effective antimelanogenic agents with adequate permeability in the skin.
Slowed information processing speed is the most prevalent cognitive symptom in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). The most commonly used instrument to measure information processing speed in MS is the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT). However, visual, oculomotor, and oralmotor deficits are frequently observed in persons with MS, and performance on the SDMT relies on these visual and motor functions, in addition to cognition.
The current study examined the relationship between the SDMT and the King-Devick Test (KDT). The KDT encompasses similar oculomotor and oralmotor demands as the SDMT but requires a smaller attentional load. One hundred and thirty participants with MS completed the oral version of the SDMT and the KDT. Ordinary nonparametric bootstrapped regression models were performed with 1000 bootstrapped samples. Bootstrapped confidence intervals (CIs) were bias-corrected.
KDT performance explained 31% (bootstrapped CI 18 - 43%) of the variance of SDMT performance (moderate correlation), much more than demographic and disease-related variables (0.7% and 10%, respectively).
Visual, oralmotor, and oculomotor functions contributed significantly to SDMT performance. Therefore, these sensory and motor functions must be taken into account when interpreting SDMT scores.
Visual, oralmotor, and oculomotor functions contributed significantly to SDMT performance. Therefore, these sensory and motor functions must be taken into account when interpreting SDMT scores.By functionalizing [60]Fullerene (C60) and [60]Boron-Nitride ([60]BN), novel systems are proposed under two alternatives according to the intruder localization modes. To detail their bindings with Doxorubicin (DOX) and Boronic Chalcone (BCHA), we studied the azomethine ylide (AZMYtrp and AZMYtyr) addition impact on the drug-loading efficacy. As a result, the formation of reactive [60]CBNAZMYtrp nanocarriers mainly proceeded through photoexcitation on the triplet state, in contrast to those of [60]BNCAZMYtrp. The addition of amino acids strongly improved the interaction between DOX/BCHA and mono- and bis-nanocarriers compared to isolated anticancer drugs randomly dispersed in the solvent. Eight possible bis-nanocarriers regioisomers are cheeked for the second AZMYtrp addition sites. In fact, the trans1 isomer is considered as the most stable to adsorb DOX-DOX, DOX-BCHA or BCHA-BCHA with mole fraction of about 84 %. The lowest electronic bandgap (0.529 eV) of B25N25C10AZMYtyrAZMYtyr confirmed that the presence of hydrogen-bonding and OH-π, CH-π and CO-π interactions improved the binding affinity of bis-nanocarriers with DOX-DOX. The AZMYtrp indole ring hydrogen is bonded with the anticancer drug hydroxyl group and stabilized DOX-DOX-bis-nanocarriers complexes. The formation of new sp3 regions and π-π interactions with the carbon-doped [60]BN decreased the bandgap (0.64 eV) and stabilized the B25N25C10AZMYtyrAZMYtyr-DOX-BCHA complex.Local administration of chemotherapeutic drugs to a tumor site in the oral cavity can provide high drug concentrations in the tumor area and reduce systemic side effects. In this work, catechol (Cat)-modified chitosan/hyaluronic acid (HA) nanoparticles (NPs), hereinafter referred to as Cat-NPs, were developed as a new carrier to deliver doxorubicin (DOX) to oral cancer cells. The Cat moiety of the NPs allowed the excellent adhesion of the carrier to the oral mucosa and sustained local delivery of DOX into the oral cavity. Cat-NPs were generated from Cat-functionalized succinyl chitosan and Cat-bearing HA via ionic gelation. Danicopan Negatively charged and spherical Cat-NPs measuring approximately 160 nm in size were obtained. The modified NPs demonstrated superior mucoadhesive capability on ex vivo porcine oral mucosal tissues compared with the unmodified NPs. DOX could be loaded onto the modified NPs with a high loading capacity of 250 μg/mg, and sustained-release characteristics were observed. The DOX-loaded Cat-NPs (DOX-NPs) inhibited the growth of the HN22 oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line with a low IC50.
