Stougaardralston2915
001 and P < .01). For zuclopenthixol (658 samples), mean dose-adjusted serum concentrations were about 1.5-fold and 1.3-fold higher in CYP2D6 PMs and IMs, respectively, compared with NMs (P < .01 and P < .001). CYP2D6 was of minor or no importance to haloperidol (320 samples) and flupentixol (115 samples). In our data material, the genotype CYP2D6 *1/*41 appears to have a similar impact on dose-adjusted serum concentrations of perphenazine as *1/null (null = variant allele encoding no enzyme function).
This study shows that CYP2D6 is important for the metabolism of perphenazine and zuclopenthixol, but not for haloperidol and flupentixol. The CYP2D6*41 allele appears to have a reduced function close to nonfunctional variant alleles.
This study shows that CYP2D6 is important for the metabolism of perphenazine and zuclopenthixol, but not for haloperidol and flupentixol. The CYP2D6*41 allele appears to have a reduced function close to nonfunctional variant alleles.
To examine the symptoms and noninvasive test parameters that clinically differentiate detrusor underactivity (DU) from bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) without using a pressure-flow study (PFS) in male patients with lower urinary tract symptoms.
We examined 909 men who underwent PFS and also had the following data International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), free uroflowmetry, postvoid residual (PVR), and prostate volume (PV). Using these data, significant symptoms and noninvasive test parameters that clinically differentiate DU from BOO were examined.
Significant parameters between DU patients and BOO patients were older age, smaller PV, and lower urgency symptom score (IPSS Q4). Optimal cutoff values were determined using receiver operating characteristiccurves (≥74 years old, PV ≤ 34.8, and IPSS Q4 ≤ 1) and patients were categorized on the basis of the number of significant factors. The probability of DU or BOO in patients with three significant factors were 77% and 34%, respectively.
Three factors (older age, smaller PV, and fewer urgency symptom) were the predictive factors to differentiate DU from BOO, which might be useful for estimating the probability of DU in clinical practice without a PFS.
Three factors (older age, smaller PV, and fewer urgency symptom) were the predictive factors to differentiate DU from BOO, which might be useful for estimating the probability of DU in clinical practice without a PFS.
Renal scarring is a serious complication in recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs). Vitamin D deficiency has also been reported to be a risk factor for UTIs although, to date, no association between vitamin D deficiency and renal scarring has yet been identified. In the present study, it was investigated whether vitamin D deficiency may be a risk factor for renal scarring in patients with recurrent UTIs.
The study included patients between the ages of 1 and 18years who were admitted to the pediatric nephrology department of the center between November 1, 2018 and November 1, 2019 and who were diagnosed with recurrent UTIs. The medical records of the patients were reviewed for the collection of demographic data, vitamin D levels, ultrasonography results and scintigraphic investigations with 99m-technetium dimercaptosuccinic acid (
Tc-DMSA). The patients were divided into two groups those with and without renal scarring, diagnosed via
Tc-DMSA. The vitamin D levels and other parameters of the two groups were compared.
Vitamin D deficiency (<20ng/mL) was observed in 73.9% of the patients without renal scarring, and in 94.1% of those with renal scarring (P = 0.015). A logistic regression analysis revealed vitamin D deficiency to be an independent risk factor for renal scarring in patients with recurrent UTIs (OR = 0.796 [0.691-0.917]).
Vitamin D deficiency is found to be a risk factor for renal scarring in patients with recurrent UTIs. Vitamin D treatment may contribute to the prevention of renal scarring in patients with recurrent UTI.
Vitamin D deficiency is found to be a risk factor for renal scarring in patients with recurrent UTIs. Vitamin D treatment may contribute to the prevention of renal scarring in patients with recurrent UTI.Bile exerts multiple functions in the liver and gut and is involved in multiple disease processes. It is secreted continuously from the liver and stored in the gallbladder until needed, and closely reflects the available bile acid pool. The study objective was therefore to develop a reliable MRS protocol and to assess variability of bile acid determination in human gallbladder. MRS measurements were performed on a 3 T MR scanner with 20 subjects to optimize protocols (26 measurements) and conduct a prospective reproducibility study (18 measurements). Measurements were carried out with subjects lying in either supine (23 scans) or prone positions (21 scans) to compare results from the two positions. For reproducibility determination, six of the 20 volunteers (three males, three females, age = 34.9 ± 10.9 years, BMI = 23.4 ± 2.1 kg/m2 ) were measured three times back to back to assess technical variability and once again after three weeks to assess total variability, including additional physiological variabilif bile composition in humans with various diseases and/or interventional maneuvers.
To develop a guideline for preventive child healthcare professionals in orderto improve early detection of pathological disorders associated with short stature (or growth faltering) or tall stature (or accelerated growth).
We updated the previous Dutch guideline for short stature in children aged 0-9years and extended it to adolescents (10-17years), and added a guideline for tall stature, based on literature and input from an expert committee. Specificities were calculated in a cohort of healthy Dutch children aged 0-9years (n=970). We investigated the impact of a late onset of puberty on height standard deviation score based on the Dutch growth charts.
Growth parameters of the guideline include height, the distance between height and target height and change of height over time. Other parameters include diagnostic clues from medical history and physical examination, for example behavioural problems, precocious or delayed puberty, body disproportion and dysmorphic features.
Preventive child healthcare professionals now have an updated guideline for referring short or tall children to specialist care. Further research is needed on the diagnostic yield after referral and specificity at field level.
Preventive child healthcare professionals now have an updated guideline for referring short or tall children to specialist care. Further research is needed on the diagnostic yield after referral and specificity at field level.The present review reports on the preparation and atomic-scale characterization of the thinnest possible films of the glass-forming materials silica and germania. To this end state-of-the-art surface science techniques, in particular scanning probe microscopy, and density functional theory calculations have been employed. The investigated films range from monolayer to bilayer coverage where both, the crystalline and the amorphous films, contain characteristic XO4 (X=Si,Ge) building blocks. A side-by-side comparison of silica and germania monolayer, zigzag phase and bilayer films supported on Mo(112), Ru(0001), Pt(111), and Au(111) leads to a more general comprehension of the network structure of glass former materials. This allows us to understand the crucial role of the metal support for the pathway from crystalline to amorphous ultrathin film growth.Post-disaster recovery requires co-production, i.e. citizens' inputs are essential for successful community recovery to occur. Citizens contribute to post-disaster recovery by volunteering, taking on consultative and decision-making roles within their communities, and directly participating in post-disaster reconstruction efforts. SL-327 research buy Without meaningful contributions from citizens - the intended beneficiaries - unilateral efforts from public officials and authorities will inevitably fail. This study shows that social entrepreneurs can thus play a critical role in spurring post-disaster recovery by facilitating co-production. We focus on the role of social entrepreneurs after disasters and center around one rural village, Giranchaur Namuna Basti (GCNB) in the Sindhupalchowk district of Nepal. Specifically, we use the case of Dhurmus Suntali Foundation's Namuna village project in Giranchaur following the 7.8 magnitude earthquake in 2015 as a quasi-experimental set up to examine the pivotal role that social entrepreneurs play in promoting voluntary activities, community engagement, and participation in post-disaster recovery efforts. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) offers rapid quantitative imaging but may be subject to confounding effects (CE) if these are not included in the model-based reconstruction. This study characterizes the influence of in-plane
B
1
+
, slice profile and diffusion effects on T
and T
estimation in the female breast at 1.5T.
Simulations were used to predict the influence of each CE on the accuracy of MRF and to investigate the influence of electronic noise and spiral aliasing artefacts. The experimentally observed bias in regions of fibroglandular tissue (FGT) and fatty tissue (FT) was analyzed for undersampled spiral breast MRF data of 6 healthy volunteers by performing MRF reconstruction with and without a CE.
Theoretic analysis predicts T
under-/T
overestimation if the nominal flip angles are underestimated and inversely, T
under-/T
overestimation if omitting slice profile correction, and T
under-/T
underestimation if omitting diffusion in the signal model. Averaged over repeated signal simulations, including spiral aliasing artefacts affected precision more than accuracy. Strong in-plane
B
1
+
effects occurred in vivo, causing T
left-right inhomogeneity between both breasts. Their correction decreased the T
difference from 29 to 5ms in FGT and from 29 to 9ms in FT. Slice profile correction affected FGT T
most strongly, resulting in -22% smaller values. For the employed spoiler gradient strengths, diffusion did not affect the parameter maps, corresponding well with theoretic predictions.
Understanding CEs and their relative significance for an MRF sequence is important when defining an MRF signal model for accurate parameter mapping.
Understanding CEs and their relative significance for an MRF sequence is important when defining an MRF signal model for accurate parameter mapping.Circulating osteogenic progenitor (COP) cells are a population of cells in the peripheral blood with the capacity for bone formation, as well as broader differentiation into mesoderm-like cells in vitro. Although some of their biological characteristics are documented in vitro, their role in diseases of the musculoskeletal system remains yet to be fully evaluated. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of COP cells in a number of physiological and pathological conditions, as well as identify areas for future research. In addition, we suggest possible areas for clinical utilization in the management of musculoskeletal diseases. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
