Mangumramos2572

This paper surveys the deep learning (DL) approaches for intrusion-detection systems (IDSs) in Internet of Things (IoT) and the associated datasets toward identifying gaps, weaknesses, and a neutral reference architecture. A comparative study of IDSs is provided, with a review of anomaly-based IDSs on DL approaches, which include supervised, unsupervised, and hybrid methods. All techniques in these three categories have essentially been used in IoT environments. To date, only a few have been used in the anomaly-based IDS for IoT. For each of these anomaly-based IDSs, the implementation of the four categories of feature(s) extraction, classification, prediction, and regression were evaluated. We studied important performance metrics and benchmark detection rates, including the requisite efficiency of the various methods. Four machine learning algorithms were evaluated for classification purposes Logistic Regression (LR), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree (DT), and an Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Therefore, we compared each via the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. The study model exhibits promising outcomes for all classes of attacks. The scope of our analysis examines attacks targeting the IoT ecosystem using empirically based, simulation-generated datasets (namely the Bot-IoT and the IoTID20 datasets).Video coding technology makes the required storage and transmission bandwidth of video services decrease by reducing the bitrate of the video stream. However, the compressed video signals may involve perceivable information loss, especially when the video is overcompressed. In such cases, the viewers can observe visually annoying artifacts, namely, Perceivable Encoding Artifacts (PEAs), which degrade their perceived video quality. To monitor and measure these PEAs (including blurring, blocking, ringing and color bleeding), we propose an objective video quality metric named Saliency-Aware Artifact Measurement (SAAM) without any reference information. The SAAM metric first introduces video saliency detection to extract interested regions and further splits these regions into a finite number of image patches. For each image patch, the data-driven model is utilized to evaluate intensities of PEAs. Finally, these intensities are fused into an overall metric using Support Vector Regression (SVR). In experiment section, we compared the SAAM metric with other popular video quality metrics on four publicly available databases LIVE, CSIQ, IVP and FERIT-RTRK. The results reveal the promising quality prediction performance of the SAAM metric, which is superior to most of the popular compressed video quality evaluation models.Brain-computer interface (BCI) remains an emerging tool that seeks to improve the patient interaction with the therapeutic mechanisms and to generate neuroplasticity progressively through neuromotor abilities. Motor imagery (MI) analysis is the most used paradigm based on the motor cortex's electrical activity to detect movement intention. It has been shown that motor imagery mental practice with movement-associated stimuli may offer an effective strategy to facilitate motor recovery in brain injury patients. In this sense, this study aims to present the BCI associated with visual and haptic stimuli to facilitate MI generation and control the T-FLEX ankle exoskeleton. To achieve this, five post-stroke patients (55-63 years) were subjected to three different strategies using T-FLEX stationary therapy (ST) without motor imagination, motor imagination with visual stimulation (MIV), and motor imagination with visual-haptic inducement (MIVH). The quantitative characterization of both BCI stimuli strategies was mad after stroke.The literature on coronaviruses counts more than 300,000 publications. Finding relevant papers concerning arbitrary queries is essential to discovery helpful knowledge. Current best information retrieval (IR) use deep learning approaches and need supervised training sets with labeled data, namely to know a priori the queries and their corresponding relevant papers. Creating such labeled datasets is time-expensive and requires prominent experts' efforts, resources insufficiently available under a pandemic time pressure. We present a new self-supervised solution, called SUBLIMER, that does not require labels to learn to search on corpora of scientific papers for most relevant against arbitrary queries. SUBLIMER is a novel efficient IR engine trained on the unsupervised COVID-19 Open Research Dataset (CORD19), using deep metric learning. The core point of our self-supervised approach is that it uses no labels, but exploits the bibliography citations from papers to create a latent space where their spatial proximity is a metric of semantic similarity; for this reason, it can also be applied to other domains of papers corpora. SUBLIMER, despite is self-supervised, outperforms the Precision@5 (P@5) and Bpref of the state-of-the-art competitors on CORD19, which, differently from our approach, require both labeled datasets and a number of trainable parameters that is an order of magnitude higher than our.The article presents methods of long range distance measurements using pulsed lasers and the Time of Flight principle. Various algorithms of laser distance measurements with digital acquisition of echo pulses (acquisition of a signal's full waveform) are presented. The main focus of work is concentrated on the method of distance measurements developed by the authors. With this method, during laboratory trials, a total measurement error of one centimeter was achieved using a 905 nm pulsed laser diode and pulse width of 39 ns. The maximum range of measurements with such high precision is limited only by a signal to noise ratio, duration of measurements and atmospheric conditions. All algorithms were implemented in a laser rangefinder module developed by the authors. Simulations and laboratory experiments were conducted and algorithm's accuracy and precision were tested for various SNR conditions and changing distances.Tuning fork gyroscopes (TFGs) are promising for potential high-precision applications. This work proposes and experimentally demonstrates a novel high-Q dual-mass tuning fork microelectromechanical system (MEMS) gyroscope utilizing three-dimensional (3D) packaging techniques. Except for two symmetrically decoupled proof masses (PM) with synchronization structures, a symmetrically decoupled lever structure is designed to force the antiparallel, antiphase drive mode motion and eliminate low frequency spurious modes. Thermoelastic damping (TED) and anchor loss are greatly reduced by the linearly coupled, momentum- and torque-balanced antiphase sense mode. Moreover, a novel 3D packaging technique is used to realize high Q-factors. A composite substrate encapsulation cap, fabricated by through-silicon-via (TSV) and glass-in-silicon (GIS) reflow processes, is anodically bonded to the wafer-scale sensing structures. A self-developed control circuit is adopted to realize loop control and characterize gyroscope performances. It is shown that a high-reliability electrical connection, together with a high air impermeability package, can be fulfilled with this 3D packaging technique. Furthermore, the Q-factors of the drive and sense modes reach up to 51,947 and 49,249, respectively. This TFG realizes a wide measurement range of ±1800 °/s and a high resolution of 0.1°/s with a scale factor nonlinearity of 720 ppm after automatic mode matching. In addition, long-term zero-rate output (ZRO) drift can be effectively suppressed by temperature compensation, inducing a small angle random walk (ARW) of 0.923°/√h and a low bias instability (BI) of 9.270°/h.This paper introduces an energy management strategy for an off-grid hybrid energy system. The hybrid system consists of a photovoltaic (PV) module, a LiFePO4 battery pack coupled with a Battery Management System (BMS), a hybrid solar inverter, and a load management control unit. A Long Short-Term Memory network (LSTM)-based forecasting strategy is implemented to predict the available PV and battery power. The learning data are extracted from an African country with a tropical climate, which is very suitable for PV power applications. ACY-241 Using LSTM as a prediction method significantly increases the efficiency of the forecasting. The main objective of the proposed strategy is to control the different loads according to the forecasted energy availability of the system and the forecasted battery state of charge (SOC). The proposed management algorithm and the system are tested using Matlab/Simulink software. A comparative study demonstrates that the reduction in the energy deficit of the system is approximately 53% compared to the system without load management. In addition to this, the reliability of the system is improved as the loss of power supply probability (LPSP) decreases from 5% to 3%.Postural disorders, their prevention, and therapies are still growing modern problems. The currently used diagnostic methods are questionable due to the exposure to side effects (radiological methods) as well as being time-consuming and subjective (manual methods). Although the computer-aided diagnosis of posture disorders is well developed, there is still the need to improve existing solutions, search for new measurement methods, and create new algorithms for data processing. Based on point clouds from a Time-of-Flight camera, the presented method allows a non-contact, real-time detection of anatomical landmarks on the subject's back and, thus, an objective determination of trunk surface metrics. Based on a comparison of the obtained results with the evaluation of three independent experts, the accuracy of the obtained results was confirmed. The average distance between the expert indications and method results for all landmarks was 27.73 mm. A direct comparison showed that the compared differences were statically significantly different; however, the effect was negligible. Compared with other automatic anatomical landmark detection methods, ours has a similar accuracy with the possibility of real-time analysis. The advantages of the presented method are non-invasiveness, non-contact, and the possibility of continuous observation, also during exercise. The proposed solution is another step in the general trend of objectivization in physiotherapeutic diagnostics.We discuss interesting effects that occur when strongly focusing light with mth-order cylindrical-circular polarization. This type of hybrid polarization combines properties of the mth-order cylindrical polarization and circular polarization. Reluing on the Richards-Wolf formalism, we deduce analytical expressions that describe E- and H-vector components, intensity patterns, and projections of the Poynting vector and spin angular momentum (SAM) vector at the strong focus. The intensity of light in the strong focus is theoretically and numerically shown to have an even number of local maxima located along a closed contour centered at an on-axis point of zero intensity. We show that light generates 4m vortices of a transverse energy flow, with their centers located between the local intensity maxima. The transverse energy flow is also shown to change its handedness an even number of times proportional to the order of the optical vortex via a full circle around the optical axis. It is interesting that the longitudinal SAM projection changes its sign at the focus 4m times.