Marshallcastro2707

Despite the fact that the lowest richness of plant species was found in olive groves, non-removal of crop residue preserves soil organic matter. In 7.4% of soil samples in olive groves, Cu total concentrations were over 100 mg kg-1 denoting polluted soils, while the potentially toxic concentrations of bioavailable copper fraction ( Cu DTPA ) probably lead to a decrease of species diversity. Future researches should therefore focus on the accumulation of toxic elements in agricultural land to preserve species diversity and a healthy environment.The effects of tetramethrin and prallethrin exposure on plasma total proteins, free amino acids, albumins, urea, urea nitrogen, uric acid, creatinine were tested. see more Serum SGOT, SGPT and lipid profile, antioxidants super oxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, GSH, G-Px, phospholipids, cholesterol, C/P ratio in membranes of erythrocyte and membrane fluidity were analyzed. The reason of the study were analyzed to examine the possessions of mosquito repellent pyrethroid (MRP) based compounds tetramethrin and prallethrin exposure on plasma profile, antioxidant status of erythrocyte membrane, membrane fluidity in male Wistar rats. We tested chronically for three months exposure every day (continuously for 8-10 h per day by inhalation) of tetramethrin and prallethrin markedly available (MRP) repellents treated on male Wistar rats. Our results confirmed that tetrarmethrin and prallethrin treatment effect of plasma profile alterations, and lipid homeostasis mechanism in Red Blood cells (RBCs). Tetramethrin and prallethrin treatment significantly increased in erythrocyte membrane phospholipids and decreased levels of cholesterol with no change of protein content, increased C/P ration levels. Inhalation of tetramethrin and prallethrin stimulate plasma biophysical and biochemical modify SGOT, SGPT, erythrocyte membrane cholesterol and phospholipid levels, individual phospholipids and membrane fluidity of exposure rats compared to controls.Effects of three compound growth regulators formulated with hypersensitivity protein, spermidine, salicylic acid and DA-6 (diethyl aminoethanol hexanoate) were tested on Xinjiang Jun Jujube. The doses of compound growth regulators were named as A (Hypersensitivity protein + spermidine + salicylic acid at the rate of 30 mg/L, 0.1 mmol/L and 0.25 mmol/L, respectively), B (Hypersensitive protein + spermidine + DA-6 at the rate of 30 mg/L, 0.1 mmol/L and 30 mg/L, respectively) and C (Spermidine + salicylic acid + DA-6 at the rate of 0.1 mmol/L, 0.25 mmol/L and 30 mg/L, respectively) versus a control group CK (contained only water). Fruit anatomical structures were compared after spraying. The results indicated that after spraying, the thickness of the upper and lower epidermal cells and the stratum corneum were increased. However, the upper epidermal stratum corneum became significantly thicker than the lower epidermis. Spraying with A improved the thickness of upper and lower epidermal cells, stratum corneum, the central vein and mesophyll. The cumulative effects of all these changes in leaf and fruit anatomical structures provided the resistance of the experimental fruit plant to stress. While the B and C regulators had inhibitory effects. So, the results obtained after spraying A category were beneficial to improve the stress resistance of the fruits. The length and cell area of pericarp and sarcocarp cells in the treatment groups were not changed significantly. But the length, number of sarcocarp cells and number of gaps were lower than those in the CK. This study can provide new measures for improving plant resistance in jujube production.The present study is aimed to validate expression of transcriptional factors mediating postnatal development of adrenal zona fasciculata in rats exposed to low doses of endocrine disrupter dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane prenatally and postnatally. Histological and immunohistochemical examination of the adrenals was performed. Impaired blood circulation, dystrophy and cell death were found in zona fasciculata of pubertal rats after developmental exposure to low doses of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane. Reparation of zona fasciculata was associated with increased number of Sonic hedgehog- and Oct4-expressing adrenal cortical cells but not in areas of regeneration. These data suggest that cell death may promote upregulation of factors inducing and maintaining pluripotent state in fasciculata cells for restoration of tissue homeostasis. Termination of growth of the adrenals after puberty was associated with upregulation of antiproliferative factor Hhex and decrease of cell proliferation. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane exposure disrupted transcriptional control of cell proliferation by downregulation of Hhex expression in fasciculata cells. Decrease of proliferation in the exposed rats was mediated by inhibition of Sonic hedgehog and Oct4 expression and suppression of canonical Wnt signaling. The present study elucidated an alternative mechanism of proliferation control activated by endocrine disrupter dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane through transition of fasciculata cells from pluripotent state and higher proliferative potential to differentiation. Activation of the alternative mechanism of growth control may probably affect maintenance of tissue homeostasis of zona fasciculata in postnatal development.Genomic copy number variations (CNVs) are considered as a significant source of genetic diversity and widely involved in gene expression and regulatory mechanism, genetic disorders and disease risk, susceptibility to certain diseases and conditions, and resistance to medical drugs. Many studies have targeted the identification, profiling, analysis, and associations of genetic CNVs. We propose herein two new fuzzy methods, taht is, one based on the fuzzy inference from the pre-processed input, and another based on fuzzy C-means clustering. Our solutions present a higher true positive rate and a lower false negative with no false positive, efficient performance and consumption of least resources.Garcinia kola (G. kola), is a plant characterized by its hypoglycemic properties. We recently reported our findings on the extracts of G. kola, in which we found that it prevented the loss of inflammation-sensible neuronal populations in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced rat models of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). In the present study we assessed the effect of G. kola bioactive compounds extracted successively with water, hexane, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, and butanol. through analyzing biochemical markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic function in STZ-induced diabetic animals. Animals made diabetic by a single injection with STZ (60 mg/kg, i.p.), were treated daily with either vehicle solution, insulin, or G. kola extracts and its fractions from the first to the 6th-week post-injection. Biochemical markers; glucose, insulin, C-peptide, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), creatinine kinase, glutathione peroxidase, malondialdehyde (MDA), resistin, soluble E-selectin (SE-Selectin), and C-reactive proteins (CRP) levels in the sera were determined in the study groups. A marked increase in blood glucose (209.26% of baseline value), and a decrease in body weight (-12.37%) were observed in diabetic control animals but not in animals treated with either insulin or G. kola extracts and its fractions. The sub-fraction F5, G. kola ethyl acetate had the highest bioactive activities, with a maintenance of blood sugar, malondialdehyde, C-peptide, E-selectin, C-reactive protein (CRP) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) to levels and responses comparable to healthy non-diabetic vehicle group and the positive control diabetic insulin-treated group. Our findings suggest that G. kola may have a strong therapeutic potential against T1DM and its microvascular complications.Stressor (biotic as well as abiotic) generally hijack the plant growth and yield characters in hostile environment leading to poor germination of the plants and yield. Among the plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, Azotobacter spp. (Gram-negative prokaryote) are considered to improve the plant health. Various mechanisms are implicated behind improved plant health in Azotobacter spp. inoculated plants. For example, acceleration of phytohormone like Indole-3-Acetic Acid production, obviation of various stressors, nitrogen fixation, pesticides and oil globules degradation, heavy metals metabolization, etc. are the key characteristics of Azotobacter spp. action. In addition, application of this bacteria has also become helpful in the reclamation of soil suggesting to be a putative agent which can be used in the transformation of virgin land to fertile one. Application of pesticides of chemical origin are being put on suspension mode as the related awareness program is still on. As far as the limitations of this microbe is concerned, commercial level formulations availability is still a great menace. Present review has been aimed to appraise the researchers pertaining to utility of Azotobacter spp. in the amelioration of plant health in sustainable agroecosystem. link2 The article has been written with the target to gather maximum information into single pot so that it could reach to the dedicated researchers.Pathogen affects plant growth, host health and productivity. Endophytes, presumed to live inside the plant tissues, might be helpful in sustaining the future of agriculture. Although recent studies have proven that endophytes can be pathogenic, commensal, non-pathogenic, and/or beneficial, this review will focus on the beneficial category only. Beneficial endophytes produce a number of compounds which are useful for protecting plants from environmental conditions, enhancing plant growth and sustainability, while living conveniently inside the hosts. The population of endophytes is majorly controlled by location, and climatic conditions where the host plant grows. Often the most frequently isolated endophytes from the tissues of the plant are fungi, but sometimes greater numbers of bacteria are isolated. Beneficial endophytes stand a chance to replace the synthetic chemicals currently being used for plant growth promotion if carefully explored by researchers and embraced by policymakers. However, the roles of endophytes in plant growth improvement and their behavior in the host plant have not been fully understood. This review presents the current development of research into beneficial endophytes and their effect in improving plant growth.The taxonomy of honey bee A. mellifera contains a lot of issues due to the specificity of population structure, features of biology and resolutions of honey bee subspecies discrimination methods. link3 There are a lot of transition zones between ranges of subspecies which led to the gradual changes of characteristics among neighbor subspecies. The modern taxonomic pattern of honey bee Apis mellifera is given in this paper. Thirty-three distinct honey bee subspecies are distributed across all Africa (11 subspecies), Western Asia and the Middle East (9 subspecies), and Europe (13 subspecies). All honey bee subspecies are subdivided into 5 evolutionary lineages lineage A (10 subspecies) and its sublineage Z (3 subspecies), lineage M (3 subspecies), lineage C (10 subspecies), lineage O (3 subspecies), lineage Y (1 subspecies), lineage C or O (3 subspecies).