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findings set the basis for further research investigating underlying immunopathogenetic connections.Retrograde protein transport from the cell surface and endosomes to the TGN is essential for membrane homeostasis in general and for the recycling of mannose-6-phosphate receptors (MPRs) for sorting of lysosomal hydrolases in particular. We used a nanobody-based sulfation tool to more directly determine transport kinetics from the plasma membrane to the TGN for the cation-dependent MPR (CDMPR) with and without rapid or gradual inactivation of candidate machinery proteins. Although knockdown of retromer (Vps26), epsinR, or Rab9a reduced CDMPR arrival to the TGN, no effect was observed upon silencing of TIP47. Strikingly, when retrograde transport was analyzed by rapamycin-induced rapid depletion (knocksideways) or long-term depletion by knockdown of the clathrin adaptor AP-1 or of the GGA machinery, distinct phenotypes in sulfation kinetics were observed, suggesting a potential role of GGA adaptors in retrograde and anterograde transport. Our study illustrates the usefulness of derivatized, sulfation-competent nanobodies, reveals novel insights into CDMPR trafficking biology, and further outlines that the selection of machinery inactivation is critical for phenotype analysis.

At present, clinicians aiming to support patients through the challenges after critical care have limited evidence to base interventions.

Evaluate a multicentre integrated health and social care intervention for critical care survivors. A process evaluation assessed factors influencing the programme implementation.

This study evaluated the impact of the Intensive Care Syndrome Promoting Independence and Return to Employment (InSPIRE) programme. We compared patients who attended this programme with a usual care cohort from the same time period across nine hospital sites in Scotland. The primary outcome was health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measured via the EuroQol 5-dimension 5-level instrument, at 12 months post hospital discharge. Secondary outcome measures included self-efficacy, depression, anxiety and pain.

137 patients who received the InSPIRE intervention completed outcome measures at 12 months. In the usual care cohort, 115 patients completed the measures. The two cohorts had similar basel appears to show benefit at 12 months following hospital discharge.

Pregnancy and childbearing among adolescents-especially younger adolescents-is associated with health complications and lost opportunities for education and personal development. In addition to established challenges adolescents and young women face in sexual and reproductive healthcare, evidence suggests that they also face mistreatment during childbirth.

This is a secondary analysis of the WHO study 'How women are treated during facility-based childbirth' cross-sectional community survey in Ghana, Guinea, Myanmar and Nigeria. We used descriptive analysis to assess experiences of mistreatment among adolescents (15-19 years) and young women (20-24 years) and multivariable logistic regression models to assess the association between experiences of mistreatment and satisfaction with care during childbirth.

862 participants are included (15-19 years 287, 33.3%; 20-24 years 575, 66.7%). The most common mistreatment was verbal abuse (15-19 years 104/287, 36.2%; 20-24 years 181/575, 31.5%). There were high lee. It is critical to recognise adolescents and young women's unique needs in maternal healthcare and how their needs may intersect with social stigma around sex and pregnancy.

Home dialysis therapies (peritoneal and home hemodialysis) are less expensive and provide similar outcomes to in-center hemodialysis, but they are underutilized in most health systems. Given this, we designed a multifaceted intervention to increase the use of home dialysis. In this study, our objective was to evaluate the effect of this intervention on home dialysis use in CKD clinics across Canada.

We conducted a cluster randomized controlled trial in 55 CKD clinic clusters in nine provinces in Canada between October 2014 and November 2015. Participants included all adult patients who initiated dialysis in the year following the intervention. We evaluated the implementation of a four-component intervention, which included phone surveys from a knowledge translation broker, a 1-year center-specific audit/feedback on home dialysis use, delivery of an educational package (including tools aimed at both providers and patients), and an academic detailing visit. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients Education on Use of Home Dialysis, NCT02202018.

The vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist tolvaptan is the only drug that has been proven to be nephroprotective in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Tolvaptan also causes polyuria, limiting tolerability. We hypothesized that cotreatment with hydrochlorothiazide or metformin may ameliorate this side effect.

We performed a clinical study and an animal study. In a randomized, controlled, double-blind, crossover trial, we included 13 tolvaptan-treated patients with ADPKD. Patients were treated for three 2-week periods with hydrochlorothiazide, metformin, or placebo in random order. Primary outcome was change in 24-hour urine volume. We also measured GFR and a range of metabolic and kidney injury markers.

Patients (age 45±8 years, 54% women, measured GFR of 55±11 ml/min per 1.73 m

) had a baseline urine volume on tolvaptan of 6.9±1.4 L/24 h. Urine volume decreased to 5.1 L/24 h (

<0.001) with hydrochlorothiazide and to 5.4 L/24 h (

<0.001) on metformin. During hydrochlorothiazide t a podcast at https//www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2022_03_21_CJN11260821.mp3.

In this paper, we report the development of the Homeless Health Access to Care Tool. This tool aims to improve the gap in assessing health need and capacity to access healthcare of people experiencing homelessness. Tools exist that prioritise people experiencing homelessness for housing, but none specifically designed to prioritise for healthcare, or that are succinct enough to be easily implemented to emergency department or primary healthcare settings.

The Homeless Health Access to Care Tool has been adapted from an existing tool, the Vulnerability Index Service Prioritisation Decision Assistance Tool through a five-step process (1) domain identification, (2) literature review, (3) analysis of hospital admission data, (4) expert judges, and (5) Delphi study.

The tool was adapted and developed by homeless health clinicians, academics and people with lived experience of homelessness. The Delphi study (n=9) comprised emergency department and homeless health clinicians.

Consensus was gained on all but o the Delphi is the first phase of its development. Opevesostat research buy The Homeless Health Access to Care Tool offers an opportunity to assess both health need and capacity to access healthcare with the aim to improve access to healthcare for people experiencing homelessness. This tool will facilitate standardised data collection to inform service design and data linkage regarding access to healthcare of people experiencing homelessness. The next stages of testing include construct validity, feasibility, usability and inter-rater reliability, and pilot implementation.

The association between visceral adiposity index (VAI) and the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has not been fully determined. Here, we aimed to explore the association between VAI and NAFLD in the general US population, and further investigate whether the association involves population differences.

Cross-sectional population-based study.

The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003-2018).

A total of 7522 participants aged 20 years or older who have complete information for NAFLD assessment test were included in this study.

NAFLD was assessed by the modified fatty liver index for the US population (USFLI) using a cut-off point of 30. Correlation between VAI and NAFLD prediction scores was calculated using the partial correlation analysis. Logistic regression models were further used to estimate ORs and 95% CIs.

Insulin resistance (IR), inflammation and waist circumference-adjusted partial correlation analysis indicated that VAI scores were positively correlateNAFLD, but not hepatic fibrosis among US adults, and the association involves age/gender-specific and ethnic differences. The results reported here have important public health implications in NAFLD screening in the future.

This study aimed to determine population-based prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its associated factors in Nepal.

The study was a nationwide population-based cross-sectional study.

Cross-sectional survey conducted in a nationally representative sample of 12 109 Nepalese adult from 2016 to 2018 on selected chronic non-communicable diseases was examined. Multistage cluster sampling with a mix of probability proportionate to size and systematic random sampling was used for the selection of individuals aged 20 years and above.

Primary outcome in this study was population-based prevalence of CKD in Nepal. A participant was considered to have CKD if the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio was greater than or equal to 30 mg/g and/or estimated glomerular filtration rate is less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m

at baseline and in follow-up using modification of diet in renal disease study equations. The secondary outcome measure was factors associated with CKD in Nepal. The covariate adjusted association of indings warrant longitudinal studies to identify the causes of CKD in Nepal and effective strategies to prevent it.

Our study identified barriers and facilitators in implementing HIV self-testing (HIVST), including the perceptions of men-having-sex-with-men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) on HIVST. Furthermore, we explored the current knowledge, practices and potential of HIVST among the MSM and TGW populations.

Qualitative in-depth key informant interviews were administered using semistructured interviews administered in both English and Filipino. Thematic analysis of the findings was done after transcribing all audio recordings.

The study was done in the National Capital Region (NCR), Philippines using online video conferencing platforms due to mobility restrictions and lockdowns caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

All study participants were either MSM or TGW, 18-49 years old and residing/working in NCR. Exclusion criteria include biologically born female and/or currently on pre-exposure prophylaxis, antiretroviral therapy medications or an HIV-positive diagnosis.

Twenty informants were interviewed, of which 75 identified facilitators and barriers from the study may be considered by the Philippine HTS programme implementers. The HIVST strategy may complement the current HTS. It will be very promising to involve the MSM and TGW communities and other key populations to know their HIV status by bringing testing closer to them.

To clarify the association between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and/or sedentary behaviour (SB) and the incidence of functional disability (FD) in older adults.

Prospective cohort study.

Local municipality of Tsuru, Yamanashi, Japan. We conducted a baseline survey in January 2016. Follow-up was commenced on 1 February 2016 and completed on 31 October 2018.

All individuals (6661 people) aged >65 years who were independently living in the community were eligible.

MVPA (min/week) and SB (min/day) were measured using self-administered questionnaires in 5311 independently living older adults who participated in this study. The follow-up period was 33 months, and the incidence of FD was objectively determined by experts. The participants were divided into three groups based on MVPA distribution (non-MVPA, 0 min; short-MVPA, 1-299 min and long-MVPA, ≥300 min/week) and into two groups based on the median value of SB (short-SB,<190 min; and long-SB, ≥190 min/day). The participants were also classified into six categories based on different combinations of MVPA and SB.