Borreovesen5388
The effect of environmental constraints on aerobic NO3--N removal were characterized, following a membrane bioreactor effluent test under an oxic condition. Compared to known Alphaproteobacterial HN-AD microbes, we showed that Pannonibacter sp. W30 could deplete nitrogen with no NO2--N or NO3--N accumulation in the HN-AD process. Therefore, the application of Pannonibacter sp. W30 has the potential for developing a felicitous HN-AD technology to treat N-laden wastewater at the full-scale level.The members of the Nesterenkonia genus have been isolated from various habitats, like saline soil, salt lake, sponge-associated and the human gut, some of which are even located in polar areas. To identify their stress resistance mechanisms and draw a genomic profile across this genus, we isolated four Nesterenkonia strains from the lakes in the Tibetan Plateau, referred to as the third pole, and compared them with all other 30 high-quality Nesterenkonia genomes that are deposited in NCBI. The Heaps' law model estimated that the pan-genome of this genus is open and the number of core, shell, cloud, and singleton genes were 993 (6.61%), 2782 (18.52%), 4117 (27.40%), and 7132 (47.47%), respectively. Phylogenomic and ANI/AAI analysis indicated that all genomes can be divided into three main clades, named NES-1, NES-2, and NES-3. The strains isolated from lakes in the Tibetan Plateau were clustered with four strains from different sources in the Antarctic and formed a subclade within NES-2, described as NES-AT. Genome features of this subclade, including GC (guanine + cytosine) content, tRNA number, carbon/nitrogen atoms per residue side chain (C/N-ARSC), and amino acid composition, in NES-AT individuals were significantly different from other strains, indicating genomic adaptation to cold, nutrient-limited, osmotic, and ultraviolet conditions in polar areas. Functional analysis revealed the enrichment of specific genes involved in bacteriorhodopsin synthesis, biofilm formation, and more diverse nutrient substance metabolism genes in the NES-AT clade, suggesting potential adaptation strategies for energy metabolism in polar environments. This study provides a comprehensive profile of the genomic features of the Nesterenkonia genus and reveals the possible mechanism for the survival of Nesterenkonia isolates in polar areas.
Leishmaniasis, a vector-borne disease caused by the protozoan parasite from the genus
, is endemic to tropical and subtropical areas. Few treatments are available against leishmaniasis, with all presenting issues of toxicity, resistance, and/or cost. In this context, the development of new antileishmanial drugs is urgently needed. GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase (GDP-MP), an enzyme involved in the mannosylation pathway, has been described to constitute an attractive therapeutic target for the development of specific antileishmanial agents.
In this work, we produced, purified, and analyzed the enzymatic properties of the recombinant
GDP-MP (
GDP-MP), a single leishmanial GDP-MP that presents mutation of an aspartate instead of an alanine at position 258, which is also the single residue difference with the homolog in
GDP-MP.
The purified
GDP-MP displayed high substrate and cofactor specificities, a sequential random mechanism of reaction, and the following kinetic constants V
at 0.6 µM·min
, K
from 15-18 µM, k
from 12.5-13 min
, and k
/K
at around 0.8 min
µM
.
These results show that
GDP-MP has similar biochemical and enzymatic properties to
GDP-MP. Further studies are needed to determine the advantage for
of the A258D residue change in GDP-MP.
These results show that LiGDP-MP has similar biochemical and enzymatic properties to LdGDP-MP. Further studies are needed to determine the advantage for L. infantum of the A258D residue change in GDP-MP.Condensate formation by a group of metabolic enzymes in the cell is an efficient way of regulating cell metabolism through the formation of "membrane-less organelles." Because of the use of green fluorescent protein (GFP) for investigating protein localization, various enzymes were found to form condensates or filaments in living Saccharomyces cerevisiae, mammalian cells, and in other organisms, thereby regulating cell metabolism in the certain status of the cells. Among different environmental stresses, hypoxia triggers the spatial reorganization of many proteins, including more than 20 metabolic enzymes, to form numerous condensates, including "Glycolytic body (G-body)" and "Purinosome." These individual condensates are collectively named "Metabolic Enzymes Transiently Assembling (META) body". This review overviews condensate or filament formation by metabolic enzymes in S. cerevisiae, focusing on the META body, and recent reports in elucidating regulatory machinery of META body formation.Kingella kingae (K. kingae) is an oropharyngeal commensal agent of toddlers and the primary cause of osteoarticular infections in 6-23-month-old children. Knowing that the oropharynx of young children is the reservoir and the portal of entry of K. kingae, these results suggested that a viral infection may promote K. kingae infection. In this narrative review, we report the current knowledge of the concomitance between K. kingae and viral infections. This hypothesis was first suggested because some authors described that symptoms of viral infections were frequently concomitant with K. kingae infection. Second, specific viral syndromes, such as hand, foot and mouth disease or stomatitis, have been described in children experiencing a K. kingae infection. Moreover, some clusters of K. kingae infection occurring in daycare centers were preceded by viral outbreaks. Third, the major viruses identified in patients during K. kingae infection were human rhinovirus or coxsackievirus, which both belong to the Picornaviridae family and are known to facilitate bacterial infections. Finally, a temporal association was observed between human rhinovirus circulation and K. kingae infection. Although highly probable, the role of viral infection in the K. kingae pathophysiology remains unclear and is based on case description or temporal association. Molecular studies are needed.Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), which can include child trafficking, are known to program children for disrupted biological cycles, premature aging, microbiome dysbiosis, immune-inflammatory misregulation, and chronic disease multimorbidity. To date, the microbiome has not been a major focus of deprogramming efforts despite its emerging role in every aspect of ACE-related dysbiosis and dysfunction. This article examines (1) the utility of incorporating microorganism-based, anti-aging approaches to combat ACE-programmed chronic diseases (also known as noncommunicable diseases and conditions, NCDs) and (2) microbiome regulation of core systems biology cycles that affect NCD comorbid risk. In this review, microbiota influence over three key cyclic rhythms (circadian cycles, the sleep cycle, and the lifespan/longevity cycle) as well as tissue inflammation and oxidative stress are discussed as an opportunity to deprogram ACE-driven chronic disorders. Microbiota, particularly those in the gut, have been shown to affect host-microbe interactions regulating the circadian clock, sleep quality, as well as immune function/senescence, and regulation of tissue inflammation. The microimmunosome is one of several systems biology targets of gut microbiota regulation. Furthermore, correcting misregulated inflammation and increased oxidative stress is key to protecting telomere length and lifespan/longevity and extending what has become known as the healthspan. This review article concludes that to reverse the tragedy of ACE-programmed NCDs and premature aging, managing the human holobiont microbiome should become a routine part of healthcare and preventative medicine across the life course.Molds are ubiquitous biological pollutants in bioaerosols. Among these molds, the genus Aspergillus is found in the majority of indoor air samples, and includes several species with pathogenic and toxigenic properties. Aspergillus species in the series Versicolores remain little known despite recurrence in bioaerosols. In order to investigate their toxicity, we studied 22 isolates of clinical and environmental origin, corresponding to seven different species of the series Versicolores. Spore suspensions and ethyl acetate extracts prepared from fungal isolates were subjected to oxidative potential measurement using the dithiothreitol (DTT) test and cell survival measurement. The DTT tests showed that all species of the series Versicolores had an oxidative potential, either by their spores (especially for Aspergillus jensenii) or by the extracts (especially from Aspergillus amoenus). Measurements of cell survival of A549 and HaCaT cell lines showed that only the spore suspension containing 105 spores/mL of Aspergillus jensenii caused a significant decrease in survival after 72 h of exposure. The same tests performed with mixtures of 105 spores/mL showed a potentiation of the cytotoxic effect, with a significant decrease in cell survival for mixtures containing spores of two species (on A549 cells, p = 0.05 and HaCaT cells, p = 0.001) or three different species (on HaCaT cells, p = 0.05). Cell survival assays after 72 h of exposure to the fungal extracts showed that Aspergillus puulaauensis extract was the most cytotoxic (IC50 less then 25 µg/mL), while Aspergillus fructus caused no significant decrease in cell survival.It is well established that plasmids carrying multiple antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes can be easily transferred among bacterial isolates by horizontal gene transfer. Previous studies have shown that a combination of short- and long-read approaches is effective in reconstructing accurate plasmids. However, high-quality Illumina short reads mapped onto the long reads in the context of an AMR hybrid monitoring strategy have not yet been explored. BLU-945 order Hence, this study aimed to improve the reconstruction of plasmids, including the localization of AMR genes, using the above-described parameters on whole-genome sequencing (WGS) results. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to use S1 nuclease pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (S1-PFGE) to confirm the number and sizes of plasmids detected by in silico-based predictions in Salmonella strains. Our results showed that de novo assembly did not detect the number of bacterial plasmids more accurately than reference-based assembly did. As this new hybrid mapping strategy surpassed de novo assembly in bacterial reconstruction, it was further used to identify the presence and genomic location of AMR genes among three Salmonella enterica serovar Schwarzengrund isolates. The AMR genes identified in the bacterial chromosome among the three Salmonella enterica serovar Schwarzengrund isolates included AAC(3)-IV, AAC(6')-Iy, aadA2, APH(4)-Ia, cmlA1, golS, mdsA, mdsB, mdsC, mdtK, qacH, sdiA, sul2, sul3, and TEM-1 genes. Moreover, the presence of TEM-1, AAC(3)-IV, aadA2, APH(4)-Ia, cmlA1, dfrA12, floR, sul1, sul3, and tet(A) genes found within three IncFIB plasmids and one IncX1 plasmid highlight their possible transmission into the environment, which is a public health risk. In conclusion, the generated data using this new hybrid mapping strategy will contribute to the improvement of AMR monitoring and support the risk assessment of AMR dissemination.
