Josefsenwillard3484

t social data offers a convenient affordance to surveil for CBD usage patterns in a way that is fast and inexpensive and can inform conventional electronic surveys. BACKGROUND Male persons who inject drugs (male PWID) are at heightened risk for HIV, particularly if they also have sex with men. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) could aid in HIV prevention for this population, but PrEP awareness within different sexual identities among male PWID is not well-understood. We report factors associated with greater awareness among male PWID to identify efficient means of awareness dissemination. METHODS Data from the 2015 National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (NHBS) system cycle on injection drug use collected in New York City (NYC) were used. Bivariable analyses, using chi-squared statistics, were conducted to examine correlates of awareness of PrEP with socio-demographic, behavioral, and health care variables. Log-linked Poisson regression with robust standard errors was used to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios and determine differences in awareness of PrEP. RESULTS Among a sample of 332 male PWID (i.e., PWID who identified as male, not transgender) we find awareness of PrEP to be low (23%) among male PWID despite 68% reporting condomless vaginal/anal sex and 32% reporting injection equipment sharing in the last twelve months. Multivariable analysis found greater PrEP awareness associated with gay or bisexual identity (aPR 2.77, 95% CI 1.81-4.24) and having a conversation about HIV prevention at a syringe exchange program (SEP) (aPR 2.71, 95% CI 1.87-3.94) to be associated with increased PrEP awareness. CONCLUSION We found low rates of PrEP awareness among male PWID. GPNA nmr However, our findings provide insight into information diffusion that can be utilized to increase PrEP awareness among male PWID and among all PWID. We suggest that gay and bisexual social networks and syringe exchange programs are diffusing PrEP awareness among male PWID and can be harnessed to increase PrEP awareness among male PWID. BACKGROUND Pre-eclampsia (PE) still significantly contributes to maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. This study aimed at evaluation of the prevalence of PE among Kazakhstani women and on elucidation of the associated maternal and neonatal outcomes. METHODS The study followed a retrospective cross-sectional design and was based on the data obtained from the electronic patient registry comprising health records of all patients hospitalized to maternal facilities of Kazakhstan over the period of one year. The diagnosis of PE was made on the basis of criteria established by International Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy. RESULTS Out of 2548 patients, 2408 (94.5%) were non-PE cases, while 54 (2.1%) were early-onset PE cases and 86 records (3.4%) were late-onset PE cases. Birth weight of children born from PE pregnancy was significantly lower in pregnancies complicated with early onset PE and constituted 1565 g. Postpartum hemorrhage was more prevalent in pregnancies complicated with PE. CONCLUSION The data obtained are needed to tailor public health interventions targeted on a reduction of PE problem in Kazakhstan. This study focused on the investigation of photodegradation of usnic acid (UA) which is a natural UV absorbing agent in lichens. Despite years of historical use in food supplement, traditional medicine or cosmetic products in many countries, liver toxicity has been found to be one of the severe and life threatening adverse effects in early 2000's. Such severe side effect has limited UA or its synthesized derivatives for further use clinically or commercially. In this study, extracted UA from Usnea longissima in methanol was exposed to natural sunlight for 21 days. Five photodegraded derivatives (1 to 5) with two new and three previously explored compounds were isolated and purified by column chromatography and preparative liquid chromatography. The structures of these derivatives were identified based on the data of nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum, mass spectrum, optical rotation, infrared spectrum, X-ray crystallography and/or electronic circulation dichroism. The cytotoxicity of (+)-UA and 2 to 5 in liv However, the safe use of these derivatives cutaneously should be further studied. In conclusion, the photodegraded derivatives (2 to 5) of extracted UA have lower hepatotoxicity than (+)-UA and captured significant UV protection activities. Larvae of the black soldier fly (BSF) Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera Stratiomyidae) are promising organisms to be used for organic waste bioconversion. Breeding BSF indoors has been suggested as a cost-effective approach for countries with long winters or low sunlight levels through the year. As the BSF mating is visually mediated, artificial illumination conditions are critical to a successful indoor breeding system. In this study, we tested four different types of artificial light sources for their effects on BSF mating success. They included (1) a halogen lamp; (2) a combination of a white light-emitting diode (LED) lamp and a fluorescent ultra violet lamp; (3) a metal halide lamp, and (4) a specially designed light-emitting diode (BSFLED) lamp, whose design was based on the specific BSF adult visual spectral sensitivity. We determined the spectra of four artificial light sources, compared their spectral composition in relation to the BSF-visible spectrum, and compared their effects on the mating success of two different BSF colonies. BSFLED was the most energy efficient light source in spectral composition and led to the highest mating success in terms of the percentage of inseminated females and fertile clutches. Thus, BSFLED is the most suitable light source tested in our experiment for breeding BSF indoors. The colony effect and possible light flickering effect on BSF mating success were also detected. The implications of these findings are discussed. In recent days, reported researches demonstrated that encapsulation of natural hydrophobic drug molecules (Piperine) into the biodegradable polymer system with nanoformulations opens a novel prospect in bio-nanomedicine field. Generally, the nanostructured materials embedded with the drug molecules could render enhanced efficiency in therapies. Piperine is a chief alkaloid compound of natural black pepper exhibits excellent anti-convulsant efficiency in the anti-epileptic treatment. Nonetheless, the poor water solubility of the piperine molecules has some difficulties in drug delivery and clinical applications. Herein we report the synthesis of Copper oxide quantum dots coated Hyaluronic acid (HA)/ Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) with for the effective delivery of piperine in the targeted drug delivery for epilepsy treatment. The physicochemical characterization was performed using the as prepared material. The crystal structure, surface morphology and the elemental composition were investigated from XRD, SEM, TEM and EDX analyses respectively.