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Xiaoyaosan (XYS), a classic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription that contained eight Chinese herbs, has been used for treating depression for thousands of years. Yet, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear, which need to be investigated from various perspectives. Disassembling a prescription is one of the effective approaches to study the effects and the mechanisms of TCM prescriptions. By disassembling the prescription, we can find effective combinations of individual herbs to simplify the scale of a given prescription. Accordingly, herein, XYS was disassembled into Shugan and Jianpi groups.
This study aimed to explore the anti-depressive effects of XYS and its disassembled groups on the digestive system functions and the cecal microbiota of rats.
XYS was divided into two efficacy groups, i.e., the Shugan (SG) and the Jianpi (JP) groups. A depression model was applied by using the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) method. Various classic behavioral tests were performed to assessegarding the regulation of cecal microbiota of depression rats, the SG treatment was better than XYS and JP. Therefore, SG could be used individually for the clinical treatment of depression, especially in patients with gastrointestinal and gut microbiota disorders.
Regarding the regulation of cecal microbiota of depression rats, the SG treatment was better than XYS and JP. Therefore, SG could be used individually for the clinical treatment of depression, especially in patients with gastrointestinal and gut microbiota disorders.
Cholestasis is characterized by accumulation of bile components in liver and systemic circulation. Restoration of bile acid homeostasis via activating farnesoid x receptor (FXR) is a promising strategy for the treatment of cholestasis. FXR-SHP (small heterodimer partner) axis plays an important role in maintaining bile acid homeostasis.
To investigate the anti-cholestasis effect of Dolomiaea souliei (Franch.) C.Shih (D. souliei) and clarify its underlying mechanism against α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) induced acute intrahepatic cholestasis.
ANIT-induced Sprague-Dawley rats were employed to investigate the anti-cholestasis effect of D. souliei ethyl acetate extract (DSE). Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) was used as positive control. Bile flow and blood biochemical parameters were measured. Liver histopathological examination was conducted via hematoxylin-eosin staining. Western blot analysis was carried out to evaluate the protein levels related to bile acids metabolism and inflammation. The interactions could be well docked into the FXR protein molecule, and hydrophobic interactions played the main function. Costunolide could reverse the increased AST and ALT levels and increase the FXR expression in guggulsterone-induced L02 cells.
DSE had an anti-cholestasis effect by activating FXR-SHP axis, inhibiting synthesis of bile acid, and increasing bile secretion, together with inflammatory response and improving liver injury. Costunolide may be the main active component. This study provided a potential therapeutic mechanism for D. souliei as an anti-cholestasis medicine in the treatment of cholestasis liver diseases.
DSE had an anti-cholestasis effect by activating FXR-SHP axis, inhibiting synthesis of bile acid, and increasing bile secretion, together with inflammatory response and improving liver injury. Costunolide may be the main active component. This study provided a potential therapeutic mechanism for D. souliei as an anti-cholestasis medicine in the treatment of cholestasis liver diseases.
Cancer patients with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) are at increased risk of falls and developing fear of falling (FoF). Although FoF may continue to impair motor performance and increase the risk of falling even further, this association remains unexplored in CIPN.
Does high FoF in patients with CIPN further deteriorate motor performance beyond the impairment from CIPN-related sensory deficits?
In this secondary analysis of data collected from two clinical trials, gait parameters during habitual walking condition and postural sway parameters during 30-second quiet standing (eye-open and eyes-closed) were compared among older participants (≥ 65 years) with CIPN and high FoF (CIPN FoF+; n=16), older participants with CIPN and low FoF (CIPN FoF-; n=19) and normal older controls (i.e., non-cancer, non-diabetic, non-neurologic, and non-orthopedic; n=16). We measured gait and postural sway parameters using wearable sensors (BioSensics, Newton, MA, USA), and FoF severity using the Falls Effom CIPN-related sensory deficits. Our results also suggest further research is needed regarding FoF, and fall risk, as FoF is a simple tool that healthcare providers can use in clinical practice.
A medication-related Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) is an application that analyzes patient data to provide assistance in medication-related care processes. Despite its potential to improve the clinical decision-making process, evidence shows that clinicians do not always use CDSSs in such a way that their potential can be fully realized. This systematic literature review provides an overview of frequently-reported barriers and facilitators for acceptance of medication-related CDSS.
Search terms and MeSH headings were developed in collaboration with a librarian, and database searches were conducted in Medline, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science Conference Proceedings. After screening 5404 records and 140 full papers, 63 articles were included in this review. Quality assessment was performed for all 63 included articles. The identified barriers and facilitators are categorized within the Human, Organization, Technology fit (HOT-fit) model.
A total of 327 barriers and 291 facilitators were identified. Results show that factors most often reported were related to (a lack of) usefulness and relevance of information, and ease of use and efficiency of the system.
This review provides a valuable insight into a broad range of barriers and facilitators for using a medication-related CDSS as perceived by clinicians. The results can be used as a stepping stone in future studies developing medication-related CDSSs.
This review provides a valuable insight into a broad range of barriers and facilitators for using a medication-related CDSS as perceived by clinicians. The results can be used as a stepping stone in future studies developing medication-related CDSSs.
The user interface usability of the nursing information system (NIS) should be such that the nurses can learn and interact with it easily and quickly. Therefore, it is necessary to identify and solve the usability problems of these systems. The present study aimed to evaluate the usability of a NIS using the cognitive walkthrough (CW) evaluation method.
Based on five selected scenarios, five evaluators evaluated the NIS in Shafa Hospital Information System. After identifying the problems, the evaluators assigned each problem to one of the usability attributes. The severity of each identified problem was determined by the evaluators and five real users of the system.
In total, 24 unique problems were identified. The average severity of the problems was determined by the evaluators (2.77) and the actual users (2.82) in the "major problem" category. The highest number of problems were assigned to the scenarios 3 and 2 with 15 and 14 problems, respectively. The highest average severity in terms of evaluatiost number of problems and the scenario 5 that had the highest average severity and execution time; it can reduce the nurses' cognitive load and the learning time of the system and increase the efficiency of nurses.We determined associations of cumulative exposures to neighborhood physical activity opportunities with risk of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD). We included 3595 participants from the Cardiovascular Health Study recruited between 1989 and 1993 (mean age = 73; 60% women; 11% black). Neighborhood environment measures were calculated using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and annual information from the National Establishment Time Series database, including the density of (1) walking destinations and (2) physical activity/recreational facilities in a 1- and 5-km radius around the respondent's home. Incident CVD was defined as the development of myocardial infarction, stroke, or cardiovascular death and associations with time to incident CVD were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. A total of 1986 incident CVD cases occurred over a median follow-up of 11.2 years. After adjusting for baseline and time-varying individual and neighborhood-level confounding, a one standard deviation increase in walking destinations and physical activity/recreational facilities within 5 km of home was associated with a respective 7% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.87-0.99) and 12% (95% CI = 0.73-1.0) decreased risk of incident CVD. No significant associations were noted within a 1-km radius. Efforts to improve the availability of physical activity resources in neighborhoods may be an important strategy for lowering CVD.The molecular mechanisms of hepatitis C virus (HCV) persistence and pathogenesis are poorly understood. progestogen Receptor agonist The design of an effective HCV vaccine is challenging despite a robust humoral immune response against closely related strains of HCV. This is primarily because of the huge genetic diversity of HCV and the molecular evolution of various virus escape mechanisms. These mechanisms are steered by the presence of a high mutational rate in HCV, structural plasticity of the immunodominant regions on the virion surface of diverse HCV genotypes, and constant amino acid substitutions on key structural components of HCV envelope glycoproteins. Here, we review the molecular basis of neutralizing antibody (nAb)-mediated immune response against diverse HCV variants, HCV-steered humoral immune evasion strategies and explore the essential structural elements to consider for designing a universal HCV vaccine. Structural perspectives on key escape pathways mediated by a point mutation within the epitope, allosteric modulation of the epitope by distant mutations and glycan shift on envelope glycoproteins will be highlighted (abstract graphic).Fertilizer overuse by smallholder farmers is widespread in China, leading to significant financial losses and threatening the environment. Understanding what mechanism behind this is critical for agricultural and environmental sustainability. By using a fixed effect panel model of over 20,000 rural households in China from 1995 to 2016, we found that the low ratio of fixed inputs such as machinery and knowledge to total inputs is the key factor leading to over-fertilization in smallholder farms. Low fixed input can result in or interact with nutrient-unbalanced fertilization, low agricultural income ratio and more cash crops that further aggravate fertilizer overuse. Smallholders lack fixed inputs, then compensate by over-applying fertilizer to attempt to achieve their yield goals. Thus, improving fixed input via increasing the average farm size to 3.8 ha or advanced service rental could save not only 45% fertilizers but also increase 16% agricultural net profit, benefiting agricultural and environmental sustainability.
