Simmonshaagensen0310
Gonad-mesonephros complexes from wood frog (Lithobates sylvaticus) tadpoles were incubated in vitro for 1 wk to examine direct effects of naphthenic acids (NA) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) on ovarian differentiation. Histological images reveal successful preservation of gonadal integrity where cultured oocytes exhibited no significant differences in diameters and areas compared to uncultured conditions. Ovaries exposed to 10 μg/L 17α-EE2 contained oocytes with significantly advanced atresia and diminished areas and diameters, indicating a degree of ovarian regression. A significant reduction in oocyte area was observed in ovaries exposed to 3 mg/L of a commercial extract of petroleum-derived NA. This novel approach has applications for screening direct effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on gonadal function in tadpoles.
Resident programs must assess residents' achievement of core competencies for clinical and procedural skills.
Video-augmented feedback may facilitate procedural skill acquisition and promote more accurate self-assessment.
A randomized controlled study to investigate whether video-augmented verbal feedback leads to increased procedural skill and improved accuracy of self-assessment compared to verbal only feedback. Participants were evaluated during procedural training for ultrasound guided internal jugular central venous catheter (US IJ CVC) placement. All participants received feedback based on a validated 30-point checklist for US IJ CVC placement and validated 6-point procedural global rating scale.
Scores in both groups improved by a mean of 9.6 points (95% CI 7.8-11.4) on the 30-point checklist, with no difference between groups in mean score improvement on the global rating scale. In regards to self-assessment, participant self-rating diverged from faculty scoring, increasingly so after receiving feedback. Residents rated highly by faculty underestimated their skill, while those rated more poorly demonstrated increasing overestimation.
Accuracy of self-assessment was not improved by addition of video. While feedback advanced the skill of the resident, video-augmented feedback did not enhance skill acquisition or improve accuracy of resident self-assessment compared to standard feedback.
Accuracy of self-assessment was not improved by addition of video. While feedback advanced the skill of the resident, video-augmented feedback did not enhance skill acquisition or improve accuracy of resident self-assessment compared to standard feedback.To study bacterial co-infection following 1918 H1N1 influenza virus infection, mice were inoculated with the 1918 influenza virus, followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) 72 h later. Co-infected mice exhibited markedly more severe disease, shortened survival time and more severe lung pathology, including widespread thrombi. Transcriptional profiling revealed activation of coagulation only in co-infected mice, consistent with the extensive thrombogenesis observed. Immunohistochemistry showed extensive expression of tissue factor (F3) and prominent deposition of neutrophil elastase on endothelial and epithelial cells in co-infected mice. Lung sections of SP-positive 1918 autopsy cases showed extensive thrombi and prominent staining for F3 in alveolar macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, endothelial and epithelial cells, in contrast to co-infection-positive 2009 pandemic H1N1 autopsy cases. SC79 activator This study reveals that a distinctive feature of 1918 influenza virus and SP co-infection in mice and humans is extensive expression of tissue factor and activation of the extrinsic coagulation pathway leading to widespread pulmonary thrombosis.
To investigate lowered serum estrogen on the expression of ERα, ERβ, OPG and RANKL of rat condyle and explore the possible mechanisms of idiopathic condylar resorption(ICR).
Thirty female SD rats were randomly divided into control group, oral contraceptives group and tripterygium glycosides tablets group. The model of lowered serum estrogen level and model of premature ovarian were established by gastric gavage with oral contraceptives pills and tripterygium wilfordii glycosides tablets, respectively. The serum levels of estradiol were detected respectively before experiment and 12 weeks after experiment. After experiment, the expression of ERα, ERβ, OPG and RANKL of condyle were detected by immunohistochemistry technology. SPSS16.0 software package was used for statistical analysis.
The serum levels of estradiol were significantly decreased in both experimental groups. ERα, ERβ, OPG and RANKL were expressed in the condylar cartilage in all groups, mainly distributed in the hypertrophic cartilage layer. In oral contraceptives group and tripterygium glycosides tablets group, rat condylar ERα, ERβ and OPG expression were decreased and RANKL expression was increased.
The lowered serum estrogen concentrations decrease the expression of ERα, ERβ and OPG, raise the expression of RANKL of condylar cartilage and reduce the proportion of OPG/RANKL. In the lowered serum levels of estrogen, estrogen may mediate condylar cartilage degeneration and the subchondral bone pathological reconstruction through ER pathway by regulating the ratio of OPG/RANKL.
The lowered serum estrogen concentrations decrease the expression of ERα, ERβ and OPG, raise the expression of RANKL of condylar cartilage and reduce the proportion of OPG/RANKL. In the lowered serum levels of estrogen, estrogen may mediate condylar cartilage degeneration and the subchondral bone pathological reconstruction through ER pathway by regulating the ratio of OPG/RANKL.Pulp stones were denaturation of pulp tissue, which were usually found in the pulp chamber. Generally, they were associated with caries and pulposis, and the occurrence of pulp stone increased with age. Pulp stones were frequently found by radiographic examination, and appeared as radiopaque lesions which were round or ovoid in shape. We reported an unusual case of multiple pulp stones with normal clinical crowns in a young female patient and analyzed the possible etiology.
To evaluate the methodology and reporting quality of Chinese systematic reviews and meta analysis in oral medicine.
Chinese literatures of systematic reviews and meta analysis in oral medicine were searched in the CBM, VIP, WANFANG Database and CNKI from the establishment date to August 30, 2014. Two researchers screened and evaluated the data independently, and disagreements were resolved by discussion. Methodology and reporting quality of included literatures were evaluated by AMSTAR and PRISMA scale.
Of the 204 literatures included in the analysis, the highest and lowest scores of methodology quality were 9 and 0, respectively. The average score was 4.95 ± 2.45. The main problems were insufficient in literature searching, absence of a list of included and excluded studies, lack of assessment for publication bias, etc. The highest and lowest scores of reporting quality were 21 and 4, and the average score of reporting quality was 14.07 ± 3.62. The main problems were incomplete report in abstract, data collection and analysis methods, bias control, conclusion, etc.
The methodological qualities of Chinese systematic reviews and meta analysis in oral medicine are generally low, and their reporting qualities are also needed to be improved.
The methodological qualities of Chinese systematic reviews and meta analysis in oral medicine are generally low, and their reporting qualities are also needed to be improved.
To evaluate the effectiveness of tooth extraction and non-extraction orthodontic treatment on frontal smiling esthetics.
A literature research was performed using Wanfang database, Chinese Biological Literature database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Scientific Journals Database of VIP, Medline and the Cochrane Library, dating from the establishment of the databases to 31st, August, 2014. Weighted mean difference (WMD) was calculated and meta analysis was performed by Review Manager 5.2.
A total of 8 controlled studies were included. The results of meta analysis showed no significant difference between extraction and non-extraction treatment on subjective evaluation of smile esthetics [5.74-7.05 for extraction; 5.53-7.02 for non-extraction; WMD=0.09, 95%CI (-0.28, 0.46), P=0.64], buccal corridor [0.12-0.19 for extraction; 0.11-0.18 for non-extraction; WMD=0.01, 95%CI (-0.00,0.02), P=0.09], maxillary visual arch width [26.3-52.17 mm for extraction; 25.43-52.37 mm for non-extraction; WMD=-0.13, 95%CI (-1.01, 0.75), P=0.77] and smile height [5.7-10.39 mm for extraction; 5.4-9.97 mm for non-extraction; WMD=0.38, 95%CI (-0.27, 1.03), P=0.25].
Based on the results of this meta analysis, it can't be concluded that extraction treatment could affect the frontal smiling esthetics based on the present clinic evidences. Given the small sample size and the potential heterogeneity, more well-designed prospective studies should be performed in future.
Based on the results of this meta analysis, it can't be concluded that extraction treatment could affect the frontal smiling esthetics based on the present clinic evidences. Given the small sample size and the potential heterogeneity, more well-designed prospective studies should be performed in future.
To establish a standard system of composite resins restoration in dental undergraduate education.
The modern phantom system was improved. A step-by-step operating manual with large amount of photographs and contents was set up, and multimedia tools were used simultaneously. A set of standardized operative procedures and detailed score evaluation system were established. Questionnaires were used to assess students' satisfaction in the reform. Then the survey results were statistically analyzed by Fisher exact test with SPSS 18.0 software package.
The students' satisfaction about the education of composite resin restoration were improved (P<0.001). This reform helped to deepen students' comprehension of the theories and standardize their manipulation.
The establishment of a standardized teaching procedure is beneficial to improve the quality of dental undergraduate education in composite resin restoration.
The establishment of a standardized teaching procedure is beneficial to improve the quality of dental undergraduate education in composite resin restoration.
To compare the results of high-speed handpiece and minimally invasive extraction in impacted mandibular third molar extraction.
From May 2011 to May 2014, 83 patients undergoing impacted mandibular third molar extraction were enrolled into the study and randomly divided into 2 groups 42 patients in group A (experimental group) and 41 patients in group B (control group). Group B underwent extraction with traditional method and group A underwent high-speed handpiece and minimally invasive extraction of the impacted mandibular third molar. The occurrences of the root fracture, gingival laceration, tooth mobility, lingual bone plate fracture, jaw fracture and dislocation of temporomandibular joint during operation and lower lip numbness, dry socket, facial swelling and limitation of mouth opening after operation were observed and compared between 2 groups. The operation time, integrity of extraction sockets, VAS pain score and satisfaction from patients were collected and compared. SPSS 19.0 software package was used for statistical analysis.
