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the ISP with an axial-radial integrated AMA system has better attitude stabilization precision and wider control frequency than the pure mechanical ISP, so it is potential to be applied in the airborne remote sensing system to improve the measurement precision.
Fractional Order Internal Model Control (FO-IMC) extends the capabilities of the classical IMC approach into the generalized domain of fractional calculus. When dealing with processes that exhibit time delays, implementation of such controllers in a classical feedback loop requires the approximation of the fractional order terms, as well as of the corresponding time delays.
The present study proposes an alternative design procedure of FO-IMC controllers based on a novel approximation method of the process time delay, proving the efficiency of the proposed method and its suitability for time delay systems.
The generalized IMC control laws are obtained analytically, based on a novel approximation of time delay, the Non-Rational Transfer Function approach.
Several numerical examples are chosen to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed approach. In addition, a vertical take-off and landing unit exhibiting second order plus time delay dynamics is chosen to experimentally validate the proposed control strategy. The obtained results are used to compare the proposed tuning strategy with a popular FO-IMC tuning approach, based on the Taylor series approximation of the time delay.
All the chosen examples, both numerical and experimental ones, validate the proposed method. The overall closed loop results obtained with the proposed approach demonstrate an improved performance compared to the existing method. Ultimately, the purpose of the paper to provide an alternative design strategy that extends the existing FO-IMC control field is reached.
All the chosen examples, both numerical and experimental ones, validate the proposed method. The overall closed loop results obtained with the proposed approach demonstrate an improved performance compared to the existing method. selleckchem Ultimately, the purpose of the paper to provide an alternative design strategy that extends the existing FO-IMC control field is reached.
The treatment of patients with
infections mainly relies on antistaphylococcal regimens that are established with effective antibiotics. In antibiotic therapy or while living in nature, pathogens often face the sub-inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of antibiotics due to drug pharmacokinetics, diffusion barriers, waste emission, resistant organism formation, and farming application. Different categories of antibiotics at sub-MICs have diverse effects on the physiological and chemical properties of microorganisms. These effects can result in virulence alterations. However, the mechanisms underlying the actions of antibiotics at sub-MICs on
virulence are obscure.
In this review, we focus on the effects of sub-MICs of antibiotics on
virulence from the aspects of cell morphological change, virulence factor expression, bacterial adherence and invasion, staphylococcal biofilm formation, and small-colony variant (SCV) production. The possible mechanisms of antibiotic-induced
virulence alterations arbiofilm formation to potentate material-related infections, and increased SCV formation to achieve persistent infection and recurrence. These advanced findings expand our knowledge to rethink the molecular signaling roles of antibiotics beyond their actions as antimicrobial agents.
To enhance photothermal treatment (PTT) efficiency, a delivery method that uses cell vector for nanoparticles (NPs) delivery has drawn attention and studied widely in recent years.
In this study, we demonstrated the feasibility of M1 activated macrophage as a live vector for delivering NPs and investigated the effect of NPs loaded M1 stimulated by Lipopolysaccharide on PTT efficiency
M1 was used as a live vector for delivering NPs and further to investigate the effect of NPs loaded M1 on PTT efficiency. Non-activated macrophage (MФ) was stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into M1 and assessed for tumor cell phagocytic capacity towards NPs.
We found M1 exhibited a 20-fold higher uptake capacity of NPs per cell volume and 2.9-fold more active infiltration into the tumor site, compared with non-activated macrophage M
. We injected M1 cells peritumorally and observed that these cells penetrated into the tumor mass within 12h. Then, we conducted PTT using irradiation of a near-infrared laser for 1min at 1W/cm
. As a result, we confirmed that using M1 as an active live vector led to a more rapid reduction in tumor size within 1day indicating that the efficacy of PTT with NPs-loaded M1 is higher than that with NPs-loaded M
.
Our study demonstrated the potential role of M1 as a live vector for enhancing the feasibility of PTT in cancer treatment.
Our study demonstrated the potential role of M1 as a live vector for enhancing the feasibility of PTT in cancer treatment.
Wild-type adult mice with intact interferon (IFN) system were neither susceptible to bluetongue virus (BTV) infection nor showed signs of morbidity/mortality. Establishment of immunologically competent wild-type adult mouse model with type I IFNs blockade is necessary to assess the pathogenesis, immune responses and testing of BTV vaccines.
Present study aimed to establish and characterize BTV serotype 1 infection in immunocompetent adult mice with type I IFNs blockade at the time of infection by studying immune responses and sequential pathology.
Adult mice were administered with anti-mouse IFN-α/β receptor subunit-1 (IFNAR1) blocking antibody (Clone MAR1-5A3) 24h before and after BTV serotype 1 infection, and sacrificed at various time points. Sequential pathology, BTV localization by immunohistochemistry and quantification by qRT-PCR, immune cell kinetics and apoptosis by flow cytometry, and cytokines estimation by c-ELISA and qRT-PCR were studied.
IFNAR blocked-infected mice developed clinical sigtent adult mouse with type I IFNs blockade. The findings will be useful for studying pathogenesis and testing the efficacy of BTV vaccines.
Present study is first to characterize BTV serotype 1 infection in immunocompetent adult mouse with type I IFNs blockade. The findings will be useful for studying pathogenesis and testing the efficacy of BTV vaccines.
Cisplatin (CDDP) nephrotoxicity is one of the most significant complications limiting its use in cancer therapy.
This study investigated the pivotal role played by thrombin in CDDP-mediated nephrotoxicity. This work also aimed to clarify the possible preventive effect of Dabigatran (Dab), a direct thrombin inhibitor, on CDDP nephrotoxicity.
Animals were grouped as follow; normal control group, CDDP nephrotoxicity group, CDDP+Dab 15, and CDDP+Dab 25 groups. Four days following CDDP administration, blood and urine samples were collected to evaluate renal function. Moreover, tissue samples were collected from the kidney to determine apoptosis markers, oxidative stress and histopathological evaluation. An immunofluorescence analysis of tissue factor (TF), thrombin, protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR2), fibrin, pERK1/2 and P53 proteins expression was also performed.
Thrombin, pERK, cleaved caspase-3, and oxidative stress markers were significantly elevated in CDDP-treated group. However, pretreatment of animals with either low or high doses of Dab significantly improved kidney function and decreased oxidative stress and apoptotic markers.
We conclude that thrombin is an important factor in the pathogenesis of CDDP kidney toxicity via activation of ERK1/2, P53 and caspase-3 pathway, which can be effectively blocked by Dab.
We conclude that thrombin is an important factor in the pathogenesis of CDDP kidney toxicity via activation of ERK1/2, P53 and caspase-3 pathway, which can be effectively blocked by Dab.
Biostimulation and toxicity constitute the continuous response spectrum of a biological organism against physicochemical or biological factors. Among the environmental agents capable of inducing biostimulation or toxicity are nanomaterials. On the<100nm scale, nanomaterials impose both physical effects resulting from the core's and corona's surface properties, and chemical effects related to the core's composition and the corona's functional groups.
The purpose of this review is to describe the impact of nanomaterials on microorganisms and plants, considering two of the most studied physical and chemical properties size and concentration.
Using a graphical analysis, the presence of a continuous biostimulation-toxicity spectrum is shown considering different biological responses. In microorganisms, the results showed high susceptibility to nanomaterials. Simultaneously, in plants, a hormetic response was found related to nanomaterials concentration and, in a few cases, a positive response in the smallel. With the above, it is concluded that (1) microorganisms are more susceptible to nanomaterials than plants, (2) practically all nanomaterials seem to induce responses from biostimulation to toxicity in plants, and (3) the kind of response observed will depend in a complex way on the nanomateriaĺs physical and chemical characteristics, of the biological species with which they interact, and of the form and route of application and on the nature of the medium -soil, soil pore water, and biological surfaces- where the interaction occurs.
Fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs), among other fibroblast growth factors, are increasingly found to be important regulators of ion channel functions. Although FHFs have been link to several neuronal diseases and arrhythmia, its role in inflammatory pain still remains unclear.
This study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of FGF13 in inflammatory pain.
conditional knockout mice were generated and CFA-induced chronic inflammatory pain model was established to measure the pain threshold. Immunostaining, western blot and quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) were performed to detect the expression of FGF13 in CFA-induced inflammatory pain. Whole-cell patch clamp recording was used to record the action potential firing properties and sodium currents of DRG neurons.
Conditional knockout of
in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons (
) led to attenuated pain responses induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). FGF13 was expressed predominantly in small-diaism for FGF13 modulation of sodium channel function and suggests that FGF13 might be a novel target for inflammatory pain treatment.
Green algae seriously affect the quality and yield of Torreya grandis, it is important to explore new, environmentally friendly ways to control it.
The present study aimed at preparing sustained-release algae-killing nanocapsules without pollution to the environment.
In this work, sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), sodium alginate (SA), and chitosan (CTS) were used as raw materials in acylation reaction with the photosensitive catalytic material iron octaaminophthalocyanine (T) to generate the photoactive bio-based materials T-CMC, T-SA, and T-CMCS. Cinnamaldehyde and 2-aminobenzimidazole were combined using chemical grafting to produce a new algicide, and then formed nanocapsules by phase separation. The molecular structure of products was characterized by UV-Vis, FTIR, and NMR (
H NMR,
C NMR). The particle size of the nanocapsules was determined by Zeta particle size analysis and TEM; DSC was used to investigate the thermal stability; The encapsulation efficiency and sustained-release performance were determined by HPLC.
