Braswelllauridsen7516

Results showed statistical differences in harvested initial populations prior to drying (0 h). For Salmonella , a correlation was found between high initial population and greater survival on desiccation (p = 0.05). In addition, statistical differences (p ≤ 0.05) between survival based on growth type were identified. However, differences found were not the same for the three pathogens, or between their serotypes. In general, Salmonella and E. coli desiccation resistance followed the pattern of aerobic agar media ≥ liquid media ≥ anaerobic agar media. For L. monocytogenes serotypes, resistance to desiccation was not statistically different based on mode of growth. These results indicate growth on solid media under aerobic conditions is not always necessary for optimal desiccation survival but may be beneficial when the desiccation resistance of the test serotype is unknown.The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the United Nations Global Strategy (2016-30) emphasize that all women, children and adolescents 'survive, thrive and transform'. A key element of this global policy framework is that gender equality is a stand-alone goal as well as a cross-cutting priority. Gender inequality and intersecting social and structural determinants shape health systems, including the content of policy documents, with implications for implementation. click here This article applies a gender lens to policy documents by national government bodies that have mandates on adolescent health in South Africa. link2 Data were 15 policy documents, authored between 2003 and 2018, by multiple actors. The content analysis was guided by key lines of enquiry, and policy documents were classified along the continuum of gender blind to gender transformative. Only three policy documents defined gender, and if gender was addressed, it was mostly in gender-sensitive ways, at times gender specific, but rarely gender transforma and for praxis, and policy documents can be part of foundations for transforming gender and intersecting power relations.The female reproductive tract is a highly complex physiological system, which consists of ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and vagina. An enhanced understanding of the molecular, cellular, and genetic mechanisms of the tract will allow for the development of more effective assisted reproductive technologies, therapeutics, and screening strategies for female specific disorders. Traditional two-dimensional and three-dimensional static culture systems may not always reflect the cellular and physical contexts or physicochemical microenvironment necessary to understand the dynamic exchange that is crucial for the functioning of the reproductive system. Microfluidic systems present a unique opportunity to study the female reproductive tract as these systems recapitulate the multicellular architecture, contacts between different tissues, and microenvironmental cues that largely influence cell structure, function, behavior, and growth. This review discusses examples, challenges, and benefits of using microfluidic systems to model ovaries, fallopian tubes, endometrium, and placenta. Additionally, this review also briefly discusses the use of these systems in studying effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals and diseases such as ovarian cancer, preeclampsia, and PCOS.

To investigate the role of NF-κB in osteoblast lineage cells and periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM).

Transgenic mice that expressed a dominant negative mutant of the inhibitor of kB kinase (IKK-DN) with lineage specific expression in osteoblastic cells and PDL fibroblasts driven by a response element in the collagen1α1 promoter and matched wild-type (WT) mice were examined. A 10-12 g force was applied by a NiTi coil and maintained for 5 or 12 days. OTM distance, PDL width, and bone volume fraction were measured using micro computed tomography. Osteoclast numbers were counted in tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-stained sections. Activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) was assessed by nuclear localization of p65, and the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) was measured by immunofluorescence and compared to control specimens with no orthodontic force.

OTM-induced NF-kB activation (p65 nuclear localization) in WT mice was largely blocked in transgenic (TG) mice. OTM was significantly reduced in the TG mice compared to WT mice along with reduced osteoclastogenesis, narrower PDL width, higher bone volume fraction, and reduced RANKL expression.

Osteoblast lineage cells and PDL fibroblasts are key contributors to alveolar bone remodeling in OTM through IKKβ dependent NF-κB activation.

Osteoblast lineage cells and PDL fibroblasts are key contributors to alveolar bone remodeling in OTM through IKKβ dependent NF-κB activation.The aim of the present study was to evaluate the contamination levels of some classes of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in free-range hen eggs and to estimate the related human dietary exposure in a Site of National Interest (SNI), characterized by a serious state of environmental pollution (Bussi sul Tirino area, central Italy). For these purposes, 17 samples of free-range hen eggs collected in home-producing farms located in the SNI territory were analyzed for 17 polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), 12 dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) and 6 non-dioxin-like PCBs (ndl-PCBs). Dietary exposure was assessed assuming a standard consumption of eggs per week. The concentration of ∑PCDD/Fs + dl-PCBs ranged from 0.463 to 8.028 pg TEQ (Toxic Equivalent) g-1 fat, while the mean contamination level of the ∑ndl-PCBs ranged from 0.234 to 7.741 ng TEQ g-1 fat. PCDD/Fs and PCBs contamination levels were lower than maximum values established by the Commission Regulation (EU) 1259/2011, except for one sample. The estimated weekly intake (EWI), calculated in order to evaluate the contribution in terms of the monitored pollutants of the locally produced eggs to the diet, was lower than the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) established by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).Insulin and insulin-like growth factors play important roles in carcinogenesis. Circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) have been linked to cancer susceptibility. The associations of circulating IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 with the risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are inconsistent. Recent large genome-wide association studies have identified 413 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with IGF-1 and 4 SNPs associated with IGFBP-3. In this large case-control study consisting of 2069 RCC patients and 2052 healthy controls of European ancestry, we used a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to investigate the associations of genetically predicted circulating IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 with RCC risk. We used an individual level data-based genetic risk score (GRS) and a summary statistics-based inverse-variance weighting (IVW) method in MR analyses. We found that genetically predicted IGF-1 was significantly associated with RCC risk in both the GRS analysis [odds ratio (OR) = 0.43 per SD increase, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.34-0.53] and the IVW analysis (OR = 0.46 per SD increase, 95% CI, 0.37-0.57). Dichotomized at the median GRS value of IGF-1 in controls, individuals with high GRS had a 45% reduced RCC risk (OR = 0.55, 95% CI, 0.48-0.62) compared with those with low GRS. Genetically predicted circulating IGFBP-3 was not associated with RCC risk. link3 This is the largest RCC study of circulating IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 to date and our data suggest a strong inverse relationship between circulating IGF-1 level and RCC risk.

Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) is the most common anxiety disorder in older people. First-line management includes pharmacological and psychological therapies, but many do not find these effective or acceptable. Little is known about how to manage treatment-resistant generalised anxiety disorder (TR-GAD) in older people.

To examine the acceptability, feasibility and preliminary estimates of the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for older people with TR-GAD.

People aged ≥65years with TR-GAD (defined as not responding to GAD treatment, tolerate it or refused treatment) recruited from primary and secondary care services and the community.

Participants received up to 16 one-to-one sessions of ACT, developed specifically for older people with TR-GAD, in addition to usual care.

Co-primary outcomes were feasibility (defined as recruitment of ≥32 participants and retention of ≥60% at follow-up) and acceptability (defined as participants attending ≥10 sessions and scoring ≥21/30 onible and warranted.Survival and growth of Salmonella and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in kombucha prepared from four brands of commercially available kombucha kits intended for use by home brewers were investigated. Changes in microbiota responsible for fermentation were also determined. An initial population of Salmonella (6.77 log CFU/mL) decreased to below the detection limit (0.30 log CFU/mL) within 10 d in kombucha prepared from two of the four test brands. Populations of 1.85 and 1.20 log CFU/mL were detected in two brands fermented for 14 d. An initial population of STEC (7.02 log CFU/mL) decreased to less then 0.30 log CFU/mL in two of the four brands within 14 d; 0.20 and 0.87 log CFU/mL were detected in kombucha prepared from the other two brands. Salmonella and STEC increased in populations within 1 d in three brands of base tea used to prepare kombucha, and were stable throughout 14 d of incubation. Both pathogens steadily declined in base tea prepared from one brand of kombucha kit. Inactivation of the pathogens occurred as the pH of kombuchas decreased, but a clear correlation between rates of inactivation and decrease in pH was not evident when comparing kombuchas prepared from the four kits. Growth and peak populations of mesophilic aerobic microorganisms, yeasts, lactic acid bacteria, and acetic acid bacteria varied, depending on the kombucha kit brand. There was not strong evidence to correlate the behavior of Salmonella and STEC with any of these groups of indigenous microbiota. Results of this study show that the ability of Salmonella and STEC to survive in kombucha and base tea used to prepare kombucha is dependent on inherent differences in commercially available kombucha kits intended for use in home settings. Strict application of hygienic practices with the goal of preventing contamination with Salmonella or STEC is essential for reducing the risk of illness associated the consumption of kombucha.

The growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) axis modulates critical metabolic pathways; however, little is known regarding effects of augmenting pulsatile GH secretion on immune function in humans. This study used proteomics and gene set enrichment analysis to assess effects of a GH releasing hormone (GHRH) analog, tesamorelin, on circulating immune markers and liver tissue in people with HIV (PWH) and NAFLD.

92 biomarkers associated with immunity, chemotaxis, and metabolism were measured in plasma samples from 61 PWH with NAFLD who participated in a double-blind, randomized trial of tesamorelin versus placebo for 12 months. Gene set enrichment analysis was performed on serial liver biopsies targeted to immune pathways.

Tesamorelin, compared to placebo, decreased interconnected proteins related to cytotoxic T-cell and monocyte activation. Circulating concentrations of 13 proteins were significantly decreased, and no proteins increased, by tesamorelin. These included four chemokines (CCL3, CCL4, CCL13 [MCP4], IL8 [CXCL8]), two cytokines (IL-10 and CSF-1), and four T-cell associated molecules (CD8A, CRTAM, GZMA, ADGRG1), as well as ARG1, Gal-9, and HGF.