Nilssonbrown9838
Between-individual variation in behavioural phenotype, termed personality, is an important determinant of how populations cope with acute environmental fluctuation related to climate change. Personality in the beadlet sea anemone Actinia equina is linked to genetically distinct morphotypes, which are associated with different heights on the shore. In the intertidal zone, high-shore environments experience more environmental fluctuation due to longer periods of exposure, and animals adapted to live in these environments are predicted to deal more effectively with environmental perturbation than their low-shore counterparts. We collected beadlet anemones of two different morphotypes from three different shore heights. We investigated variation in two behaviours at three different temperatures and in a temporal control treatment where the temperature was not changed startle response time, the time it took an anemone to re-extend its tentacles after a threatening stimulus, and immersion response time, the time toreduces foraging opportunities and can negatively impact respiratory efficiency, our data suggest that some individuals within a single population of A. equina, particularly those associated with the lower shore, may exhibit less effective behavioural responses to temperature shifts than others. These findings demonstrate that acute temperature changes influence risk-taking, and could have profound short and long-term implications for survival in the face of climate change.
This study aims to explore the mechanism underlying the up-regulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins in glomerular endothelial cells in 5/6 nephrectomy mice.
C57/BL6 mice were randomly allocated to sham-operated (2K) and 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6Nx) groups. Mouse splenic lymphocytes, from either syngeneic or allogeneic background, were injected into 5/6Nx mice after total body irradiation. Human glomerular endothelial cells (HGECs) were cultured for experiments in vitro. Western blots, PCR, immunohistochemical and fluorescent staining were used, along with assays of tissue cytokines, lymphocyte migration and renal function.
Four weeks after nephrectomy, expression of both mRNA and protein of MHC II, CD80, and CD86 were increased in 5/6Nx glomerular endothelial cells. Atglistatin mw After total body irradiation, 5/6Nx mice injected with lymphocytes from Balb/c mice, but not those from C57/BL6 mice, exhibited increased creatinine levels, indicating that allograft lymphocyte transfer impaired renal function. In HGECs, the protein levels of MHC and MHC Class II transactivator (CIITA) were increased by stimulation with TNF-α or IFN-γ, which promoted human lymphocytes movement. These increases were reduced by JNK inhibitors. In the 5/6Nx mice, JNK inhibition down-regulated MHC II protein in glomerular endothelial cells, suggesting that JNK signalling participates in the regulation of MHC II protein.
Chronic inflammation in mice subjected to nephrectomy induces the up-regulation of MHC molecules in glomerular endothelial cells. This up-regulation is reduced by inhibition of JNK signalling.
Chronic inflammation in mice subjected to nephrectomy induces the up-regulation of MHC molecules in glomerular endothelial cells. This up-regulation is reduced by inhibition of JNK signalling.
Cellular senescence, measured by expression of the cell cycle kinase inhibitor p16
, may contribute to accelerated aging in survivors of childhood, adolescent, and young adult cancer. The authors measured peripheral blood T-lymphocyte p16
expression among pediatric and young adult cancer survivors, hypothesizing that p16
expression is higher after chemotherapy and among frail survivors.
A cross-sectional cohort of young adult survivors and age-matched, cancer-free controls were assessed for p16
expression and frailty. Newly diagnosed pediatric patients underwent prospective measurements of p16
expression before and after cancer therapy. Frailty was measured with a modified Fried frailty phenotype evaluating sarcopenia, weakness, slowness, energy expenditure, and exhaustion.
The cross-sectional cohort enrolled 60 survivors and 29 age-matched controls with a median age of 21 years (range, 17-29 years). The prospective cohort enrolled 9 newly diagnosed patients (age range, 1-18 years). Expressiona , suggesting that cellular senescence may be associated with early aging in survivors.Chlamydia psittaci was detected by PCR in the lung and equine foetal membranes of two aborted equine foetuses and one weak foal from two different studs in Victoria, Australia. The abortions occurred in September 2019 in two mares sharing a paddock northeast of Melbourne. The weak foal was born in October 2019 in a similar geographical region and died soon after birth despite receiving veterinary care. The detection of C. psittaci DNA in the lung and equine foetal membranes of the aborted or weak foals and the absence of any other factors that are commonly associated with abortion or neonatal death suggest that this pathogen may be the cause of the reproductive loss. The detection of C. psittaci in these cases is consistent with the recent detection of C. psittaci in association with equine abortion in New South Wales. These cases in Victoria show that C. psittaci, and the zoonotic risk it poses, should be considered in association with equine reproductive loss in other areas of Australia.
Low Apgar scores are associated with neonatal morbidity and mortality, but effects of Apgar scores of 0-5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 (compared with 10) on longer-term neurodevelopmental outcomes are less clear.
To examine the associations between Apgar scores of 0-5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 (compared with 10) and children's educational outcomes as measured by the Australian National Assessment Program-Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLAN) tests at age eight.
We merged perinatal data including all children born in South Australia from 1999 to 2008 with school assessment data (NAPLAN). School assessments included five learning areas (domains)-reading, writing, spelling, grammar and numeracy. Each domain was categorised according to performing at or below National Minimum Standards (≤NMS). Effects were estimated using Augmented Inverse Probability Weighting (AIPW) accounting for a range of maternal, perinatal and sociodemographic characteristics.
Risk differences comparing five-minute Apgar scores of 0-5 with Apgar scores of 10 for children performing≤NMS for each domain were reading (0.
