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This study evaluated the bone quality of the maxilla and mandible by using the classification proposed by Lekholm and Zarb (L & Z) and histomorphometry.

Sixty edentulous areas were evaluated. The classification by L & Z was obtained through the evaluation of periapical and panoramic radiographs associated with the surgeon's tactile perception during milling and implant installation. Before implant installation, bone biopsies of standardized sizes were performed for histological evaluation.

Type III bone quality was more frequent in the posterior (73.33%) and anterior (73.33%) maxilla, whereas type II bone quality was more frequent in the posterior (53.33%) and anterior (60.00%) mandible. Through histometry, statistical difference was observed for the amount of bone tissue of the posterior region of the maxilla in relation to the anterior and posterior regions of the mandible (P ≤ 0.043). However, there was no difference in osteocyte counts between alveolar regions (P = 0.2946). In the female gender, the age showed a low positive correlation with the L & Z classification (rho = 0.398; P = 0.006) and in the male gender, a moderate negative correlation was observed (rho = -0.650, P = 0.016).

Both methods detected differences in the bone quality of the alveolar regions of the maxilla/mandible and that the classification by L & Z is a reliable method, since it was consistent with histomorphometry, considered the "gold standard" method for the evaluation of bone quality and greater bone density was observed in older men.

Both methods detected differences in the bone quality of the alveolar regions of the maxilla/mandible and that the classification by L & Z is a reliable method, since it was consistent with histomorphometry, considered the "gold standard" method for the evaluation of bone quality and greater bone density was observed in older men.

The authors aimed to identify and categorize adult maxillofacial trauma patterns in the setting of American football.

The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System was accessed to identify adult patients presenting with football-related head and facial injuries from 2009 to 2018. Data surrounding each event were collected including age, injury type, injury location, and disposition of the patient. Chi-squared testing was performed to compare categorical variables, with a Bonferroni correction applied.

During the study period, 1784 total patients (national estimate = 65,052) were identified. The average age for this cohort was 27.26 (SD ± 8.49), with young adults (86.1%) and males (87.9%) sustaining the majority of injuries. Lacerations were the most common injury type (43.1%). Maxillofacial fractures comprised 15.8% of the sample, with nasal bone (52.8%) being the most common subtype. Female patients were significantly more likely to present with head injuries than men (46.8% versus 29.0%, P < 0.001). Young and middle-aged adults combined were more likely to be discharged from the emergency department, whereas the elderly were significantly less likely (P = 0.002). Patients with fractures were significantly more likely to be admitted to the hospital compared to all other types of injuries (P < 0.001).

An understanding of maxillofacial injuries while participating in American football is important in developing safety initiatives. To address these, it is crucial that providers understand the patterns of craniofacial injuries as they relate to American football trauma.

An understanding of maxillofacial injuries while participating in American football is important in developing safety initiatives. To address these, it is crucial that providers understand the patterns of craniofacial injuries as they relate to American football trauma.

The reconstruction of combined orbital floor and medial wall fractures is challenging due to the surgical approach and implant stability. A 0.5 mm thickness rigidity custom made titanium alley implant was created by 3-dimensional printing with electron-beam additive manufacturing. The implant was designed to cover the entire surface of the inferomedial orbit based on the flipped the contralateral orbit images. Although the cost was expensive, the use of three-dimensional printed implants for extensive orbital wall fractures was useful for decreasing operative time, and can be accessed with a limited surgical approach with a precise fit.

The reconstruction of combined orbital floor and medial wall fractures is challenging due to the surgical approach and implant stability. click here A 0.5 mm thickness rigidity custom made titanium alley implant was created by 3-dimensional printing with electron-beam additive manufacturing. The implant was designed to cover the entire surface of the inferomedial orbit based on the flipped the contralateral orbit images. Although the cost was expensive, the use of three-dimensional printed implants for extensive orbital wall fractures was useful for decreasing operative time, and can be accessed with a limited surgical approach with a precise fit.

The three-dimensional (3D) volume measurement after facial fat grafting is of great significance to plastic surgeons. It has been ascertained that reliable results rely on the accurate measurement of 3D softwares. Some 3D softwares in literatures have proposed various ways to optimize each step of the procedure, including the pre- and post-operative image acquisition, alignment, calculation, and analysis. Good image alignment between pre- and post-scan is essential to quantify the volumetric change. Once the pre- and post-operative image alignment has slightly bias or deviation, the subsequent volume measurement would also be affected. To our knowledge, 2 types of 3D software have been widely applied in clinic, primarily based on the image-automatically alignment and image-manually alignment. This study aimed to compare the accuracy, repeatability, and reproducibility of the Geomagic Qualify 12.0 software and the 3-Matic 7.0 software in a relatively ideal model of virtual facial fat grafting. A simulated faion coefficient, and Bland-Altman analysis showed that the Geomagic Qualify 12.0 software demonstrated a statistically higher accuracy, repeatability, and reproducibility in comparison with the 3-Matic 7.0 software.