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In general, it was difficult to draw conclusions due to insufficient reporting and analysis of race and ethnicity in published literature.
Reporting of race and ethnicity in radiotherapy studies must be harmonised and improved and frameworks are needed to improve the quality of reporting. Further research is needed to understand how ancestral heritage might affect radiosensitivity and risk of radiotherapy toxicity.
Reporting of race and ethnicity in radiotherapy studies must be harmonised and improved and frameworks are needed to improve the quality of reporting. Further research is needed to understand how ancestral heritage might affect radiosensitivity and risk of radiotherapy toxicity.Dermal papilla cells (DPCs), which play a central role in the regulation of hair follicle development and hair growth, are among the most promising cell sources for hair regenerative medicine. However, a critical issue in the use of DPCs is the immediate loss of hair inducing functions in typical two-dimensional (2D) culture. We have previously demonstrated that when DPCs are encapsulated in drops of collagen gel (named hair beads, HBs), the density of collagen and cells is concentrated >10-fold during 3 d of culture through the spontaneous constriction of the drops, leading to efficient hair follicle regeneration upon transplantation. However, the mechanisms responsible for the activation of the hair-inducing functions of DPCs have been poorly elucidated. Here, transcriptome comparisons of human DPCs in HB culture and in typical 2D culture revealed that the phosphoinositide 3-kinase and Akt (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway was significantly upregulated in HB culture. Inhibition of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway decreased the hair-inducing capability of DPCs in HBs, while the activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway using an activator improved trichogenous gene expression of DPCs in 2D culture. These results suggest that the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is crucial for the maintenance and restoration of hair inductivity of DPCs. HB culture and/or activators of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway could be a promising strategy for preparing DPCs for hair regenerative medicine.
The anterior and posterior part of the deltoid ligament have different functions during ankle flexion motion. Partial ligament injuries have been demonstrated in previous clinical reports. However, the efficacy of external rotation stress test in partial injured cases is unavailable till now.
Thirty-two fresh cadaveric specimens were included and allocated into two destabilization groups. In the first group, the anterior portion of deltoid ligament (DL) and syndesmotic ligament were sequentially severed, while in the second group, the posterior portion of DL and syndesmotic ligament were sequentially severed. Mortise view radiographs were taken after each destabilization stage when the ankles were placed at plantarflexion and dorsiflexion positions and stressed in standard external rotation force. The medial clear space (MCS) and talar tilt (TT) angle were measured and compared among different destabilization stages.
When the ankles were placed at neutral position, the TT significantly increased in all destabilization stages. The MCS significantly increased after the partial deltoid ligament ruptures only with presence of syndesmotic ligament injuries. There was no significant difference of MCS at plantarflexion for all stages of destabilization if the anterior portion of DL is preserved. Similarly, no significant increase of MCS was detected at dorsiflexion if the posterior portion of DL and posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament are intact.
Partial DL rupture causes ankle rotational instability at different ankle joint positions, especially when combined with syndesmotic injuries. The neutral position is recommended for diagnosis of partial DL ruptures under external rotation stress.
Partial DL rupture causes ankle rotational instability at different ankle joint positions, especially when combined with syndesmotic injuries. The neutral position is recommended for diagnosis of partial DL ruptures under external rotation stress.One of the effects of the pandemic in the hemotherapy services was the reduction in the attendance of blood donors and production of blood components. It is relevant to investigate how the capacity to meet the demand for blood components was affected, especially in blood centers located in the regions most affected by the pandemic, such as Brazil. This study aimed to describe the impact of the pandemic on the capacity to meet the demand for different types of blood components by a Brazilian blood center in 2020, compared to the historical series of 2016-2019 and to discuss the measures adopted to mitigate the effects of the pandemic. Retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out with comparative analysis of the blood components requested and attended in the period from 2016 to 2020. Data analysis was performed by Graphpad Prism 5. The spread of COVID-19 cases since March 2020 had impact on the blood components production and transfusions. The reduction in the production of blood components was observed prior to the restriction measures, in March 2020. In comparison to 2016-2019, there was a reduction in the number of transfusions performed in all months of 2020. The results suggest that the measures adopted in a Brazilian blood center to face the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in reasonable regularity in the supply of blood components. The sharing of experiences between blood banks in different regions, social and epidemiological contexts can contribute to the improvement of strategies to reduce the impact of COVID-19 in transfusion medicine.Over the course of approximately 60 years, the field of pediatric urology has evolved as a convergence of pediatric surgery, urology, and plastic surgery to address congenital anomalies of the urinary tract and genitalia in children. Guidelines for training and certification are narrowing in high-income countries (HICs) at the same time as the fertility rate is declining and the prevalence of complex genitourinary (GU) conditions is decreasing. In low-and middle-income countries (LMICs), health systems for large populations are currently in a state of stress. Here we briefly review the history of pediatric urology as a surgical subspecialty, identify unmet needs especially in LMICs and place the field in the context of a global surgical ecosystem.
The English language literature on workforce trends in pediatric urology, pediatric surgery and urology was reviewed as well as development of the emerging field of global surgery. Molidustat Global surgery looks at the social, economic and political context of health systemsrgical resilience can be challenged. This is an opportunity to consider the state of children's urological care globally and to build resilience by identifying and addressing strengths and gaps.
An understanding of nurse characteristics that influence pain management, which are potentially amenable to change, can help to refine and improve nurse education and practice, resulting in better patient outcomes. The purpose of this review was to identify nurse characteristics that influence their assessment of and intention to treat postoperative pain.
Integrative literature review.
A systematic search of electronic databases (CINAHL, Scopus, PsycINFO, Medline, and Embase), using these constructs"pain assessment","pain management","postoperative pain","nurses","cultural beliefs"and"nurses'perceptions"was conducted for the period 2000 to October 2020.
Following a systematic screening process, the included articles were analyzed and synthesized to identify themes and subthemes.
A total of 40 articles were included with three main themes identified nurse knowledge; nurse sociocultural factors, personal beliefs and attitudes, and other characteristics; and believing or doubting the patient. There wasve practice are needed.
Chemoprevention's ability to slow down or prevent the progression of BD-IPMNs is extremely appealing. Aspirin (ASA), Ace Inhibitors/Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ACEIs/ARBs) and Statins (STATs) are frequently prescribed drugs with a possible beneficial effect on different cancer types. Their effect on IPMNs is largely unknown.
To evaluate the association between the use of ASA, ACEIs/ARBs and STATs and the risk of progression of BD-IPMNs in follow-up.
multicenter, retrospective cohort study on patients with presumed BD-IPMNs without relative or absolute indication for surgery. Pharmacological exposures and risk factors were collected. We identified clinically relevant progression (occurrence of radiological absolute or relative indication for surgery) and any progression (occurrence of clinically relevant progression OR any dimension increase OR the occurrence of new cysts).
Overall 594 patients were included. ACEIs were associated with a lower occurrence of any progression (HR=0.70; 95% CI 0.49-0.98, p=0.04) and clinically relevant progression, HR=0.42 (95% CI 0.20-0.88; p=0.02). No significant effect was shown for factors associated with the occurrence of pancreas cancer such as smoking, alcohol consumption and 1st degree family history of pancreas cancer. Among pharmacological exposures, no convincing effect was shown for the chronic use of ASA, ARB and STAT.
ACEIs might have an effect in slowing the progression of BD-IPMNs. ASA, STAT and ARBs show no convincing effect on the progression of BD-IPMNs. Further, prospective, and long-term multicenter studies are needed to verify such association and to define the potential underlying mechanisms.
ACEIs might have an effect in slowing the progression of BD-IPMNs. ASA, STAT and ARBs show no convincing effect on the progression of BD-IPMNs. Further, prospective, and long-term multicenter studies are needed to verify such association and to define the potential underlying mechanisms.
To assess whether extra-oesophageal symptoms are predictive of oesophageal malignancy.
A prospective, single-centre cross-sectional questionnaire study at a tertiary referral unit for oesophageal cancer using the Comprehensive Reflux Symptoms Scale (CReSS) questionnaire tool. Respondents with oesophageal malignancy were compared with historical cohorts undergoing airway examination or upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and found to have benign diagnoses. We developed a model for predicting oesophageal cancer using linear discriminant analysis and logistic regression, assessed by Monte Carlo cross validation.
Respondents with oesophageal malignancy (n=146; mean age 70.5; male female, 7129) were compared with those undergoing airway examination (n=177) and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (n=351), found to have benign diagnoses. No single questionnaire item, or group of co-varying items (factors), reliably discriminated oesophageal cancer from other diagnoses. Individual items which suggested higher risk ofation is a valuable topic for future research.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, regular teaching for core surgical trainees (CSTs) in Northern Ireland was cancelled at short notice, leaving a significant gap in training. We aimed to develop an effective core surgical teaching programme, within the remit of government regulations, to ensure training was not negatively affected by COVID-19.
A novel virtual teaching programme was designed and implemented regionally across Northern Ireland. One-year free Affiliate Membership to the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh (RCSEd) was provided for Northern Ireland CSTs, allowing access to RCSEd online webinars. A weekly teaching schedule based on the Member of the Royal College of Surgeons (MRCS) exam curriculum and accompanied by a webinar was created and disseminated to trainees. Senior surgeons were recruited to conduct a virtual teaching session via videoconferencing.
Ten teaching sessions were conducted over three months. Feedback was collated, with positive results and requests for virtual teaching to continue.
