Grothhoward5803

In this paper, we build a more comprehensive rain model with several degradation factors and construct a novel two-stage video rain removal method that combines the power of synthetic videos and real data. Specifically, a novel two-stage progressive network is proposed recovery guided by a physics model, and further restoration by adversarial learning. The first stage performs an inverse recovery process guided by our proposed rain model. An initially estimated background frame is obtained based on the input rain frame. The second stage employs adversarial learning to refine the result, i.e. Fluvastatin chemical structure recovering the overall color and illumination distributions of the frame, the background details that are failed to be recovered in the first stage, and removing the artifacts generated in the first stage. Furthermore, we also introduce a more comprehensive rain model that includes degradation factors, e.g. occlusion and rain accumulation, which appear in real scenes yet ignored by existing methods. This model, which generates more realistic rain images, will train and evaluate our models better. Extensive evaluations on synthetic and real videos show the effectiveness of our method in comparisons to the state-of-the-art methods.Fast acquisition of depth information is crucial for accurate 3D tracking of moving objects. Snapshot depth sensing can be achieved by wavefront coding, in which the point-spread function (PSF) is engineered to vary distinctively with scene depth by altering the detection optics. In low-light applications, such as 3D localization microscopy, the prevailing approach is to condense signal photons into a single imaging channel with phase-only wavefront modulation to achieve a high pixel-wise signal to noise ratio. Here we show that this paradigm is generally suboptimal and can be significantly improved upon by employing multi-channel wavefront coding, even in low-light applications. We demonstrate our multi-channel optimization scheme on 3D localization microscopy in densely labelled live cells where detectability is limited by overlap of modulated PSFs. At extreme densities, we show that a split-signal system, with end-to-end learned phase masks, doubles the detection rate and reaches improved precision compared to the current state-of-the-art, single-channel design. We implement our method using a bifurcated optical system, experimentally validating our approach by snapshot volumetric imaging and 3D tracking of fluorescently labelled subcellular elements in dense environments.Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) normally signals to necroptosis by phosphorylating MLKL. We report here that when the cellular RIPK3 chaperone Hsp90/CDC37 level is low, RIPK3 also signals to apoptosis. The apoptotic function of RIPK3 requires phosphorylation of the serine 165/threonine 166 sites on its kinase activation loop, resulting in inactivation of RIPK3 kinase activity while gaining the ability to recruit RIPK1, FADD, and caspase-8 to form a cytosolic caspase-activating complex, thereby triggering apoptosis. We found that PGF2α induces RIPK3 expression in luteal granulosa cells in the ovary to cause luteal regression through this RIPK3-mediated apoptosis pathway. Mice carrying homozygous phosphorylation-resistant RIPK3 S165A/T166A knockin mutations failed to respond to PGF2α but retained pro-necroptotic function, whereas mice with phospho-mimicking S165D/T166E homozygous knock-in mutation underwent spontaneous apoptosis in multiple RIPK3-expressing tissues and died shortly after birth. Thus, RIPK3 signals to either necroptosis or apoptosis depending on its serine 165/threonine 166 phosphorylation status.Increasing the proportion of persons, including children, who are vaccinated annually against seasonal influenza is a Healthy People 2030 Leading Health Indicator (1). Vaccination is effective in preventing influenza (2), and the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends an annual influenza vaccination for children aged 6 months and over (3). This report examines the percentage of children aged 6 months through 17 years who had an influenza vaccination in the past 12 months using data from the 2019 National Health Interview Survey.Objective-This report presents 2019 total fertility rates for the United States, by educational attainment and race and Hispanic origin of mother. Methods-Descriptive tabulations of the total fertility rate by educational attainment of mother for the United States are presented and described. The total fertility rate is the average number of children a group of women would expect to have at the end of their reproductive lifetimes. Data are based on the 2003 revision of the U.S. Standard Certificate of Live Birth. Results-In 2019, the U.S. total fertility rate (TFR) for all women aged 15-49 was 1,705 expected births per 1,000 women. TFRs decreased as level of education increased from women with a 12th grade education or less through an associate's and bachelor's degree, and then rose from bachelor's degree through a doctorate or professional degree. Among the race and Hispanic-origin groups, TFRs were highest for Hispanic women (1,939), followed by non-Hispanic black (1,774) and non-Hispanic white (1,610) women. Rates generally declined from the lowest educational level through a bachelor's degree for non-Hispanic white women, and through an associate's degree for Hispanic women, and then generally rose for both groups for women with advanced degrees. TFRs for non-Hispanic black women declined by educational level through a master's degree. Across the race and Hispanic-origin groups, the lowest TFR by educational level was for non-Hispanic black women with a master's degree (1,038), and the highest was for Hispanic women with a 12th grade education or less (3,025). TFRs for non-Hispanic black and Hispanic women with some college credit or less were generally higher than the rates for non-Hispanic white women, but TFRs for non-Hispanic black and Hispanic women with a master's degree or more were generally lower than the rates for non-Hispanic white women.Osteoporosis is the most common bone disease and is characterized by weakening of bone tissue, bone structure, and strength, and may lead to increased risk of fractures (1). Low bone mass increases the risk of developing osteoporosis (2). In the United States in 2010, an estimated 10.2 million people aged 50 and over had osteoporosis and about 43.3 million more people had low bone mass (3). This report provides prevalence estimates of osteoporosis and low bone mass among adults aged 50 and over in the United States in 2017-2018.Objectives-This report presents findings on the effects of fully implementing the Office of Management and Budget's 1997 standards for collecting, tabulating, and reporting race and ethnicity in the National Vital Statistics System mortality data across all vital statistics reporting areas. It compares bridgedrace death counts and rates based on the 1977 standards with single-race death counts and rates based on the 1997 standards, overall and by age (categories), sex, and state. Methods-Mortality statistics in this report are based on information from all death certificates filed in the United States and the District of Columbia in 2018. Crude and age-adjusted death rates are calculated with bridged-race and single-race death counts and population estimates then compared using rate ratios. link2 Results-In 2018, single-race death counts were lower than bridged-race counts for all major racial and ethnic groups, overall and by age and sex. This is expected because in bridged-race data, multiple-race decedents are reassigned to single-race categories. The single-race age-adjusted death rate was higher than the bridged-race rate by 0.4% for the non-Hispanic white population (748.7 per 100,000 U.S. standard population versus 745.7) and by 1.5% for the non-Hispanic black population (892.6 versus 879.5). State-specific differences between bridged-race and single-race age-adjusted death rates were significant only for the non-Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islander (API) population in Hawaii, for whom the single-race rate (488.9) was 10.3% lower than the bridged-race rate (545.3). Generally, at the national level, the transition to single-race mortality data seems to have minimal impacts for all major racial and ethnic groups on age-adjusted death rates; however, impacts vary by state.Objectives-This report presents final 2018 data on the 10 leading causes of death in the United States by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin. Leading causes of infant, neonatal, and postneonatal death are also presented. This report supplements "Deaths Final Data for 2018," the National Center for Health Statistics' annual report of final mortality statistics. Methods-Data in this report are based on information from all death certificates filed in the 50 states and the District of Columbia in 2018. Causes of death classified by the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) are ranked according to the number of deaths assigned to rankable causes. Cause-of-death statistics are based on the underlying cause of death. Race and Hispanic-origin data are based on the Office of Management and Budget's 1997 standards for reporting race and Hispanic origin. Results-In 2018, the 10 leading causes of death were, in rank order Diseases of heart; Malignant neoplasms; Accidents (unintentional injuries); Chronic lower respiratory diseases; Cerebrovascular diseases; Alzheimer disease; Diabetes mellitus; Influenza and pneumonia; Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis; and Intentional self-harm (suicide). They accounted for 73.8% of all deaths occurring in the United States. Differences in the rankings are evident by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin. link3 Leading causes of infant death for 2018 were, in rank order Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities; Disorders related to short gestation and low birth weight, not elsewhere classified; Newborn affected by maternal complications of pregnancy; Sudden infant death syndrome; Accidents (unintentional injuries); Newborn affected by complications of placenta, cord and membranes; Bacterial sepsis of newborn; Diseases of the circulatory system; Respiratory distress of newborn; and Neonatal hemorrhage. Variations in the leading causes of infant death are noted for the neonatal and postneonatal periods.The strain Adlercreutzia caecicola DSM 22242T (=CCUG 57646T=NR06T) was taxonomically described in 2013 and named as Parvibacter caecicola Clavel et al. 2013. In 2018, the name of the strain DSM 22242T was changed to Adlercreutzia caecicola (Clavel et al. 2013) Nouioui et al. 2018 due to taxonomic investigations of the closely related genera Adlercreutzia, Asaccharobacter and Enterorhabdus within the phylum Actinobacteria. However, the first whole draft genome of strain DSM 22242T was published by our group in 2019. Therefore, the genome was not available within the study of Nouioui et al. (2018). The results of the polyphasic approach within this study, including phenotypic and biochemical analyses and genome-based taxonomic investigations [genome-wide average nucleotide identity (gANI), alignment fraction (AF), average amino acid identity (AAI), percentage of orthologous conserved proteins (POCP) and genome blast distance phylogeny (GBDP) tree], indicated that the proposed change of the name Parvibacter caecicola to Adlercreutzia caecicola was not correct.