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vity and higher rates of co-altered expression profiles compared to PGC. According to the molecular classification, there was no significant difference in survival between the subtypes of RGC.
RGC was associated with EBV positivity and higher rates of co-altered expression profiles compared to PGC. According to the molecular classification, there was no significant difference in survival between the subtypes of RGC.
Distant relapse is the leading cause of cancer-related death in locally advanced rectal cancer. Neoadjuvant chemoradiation (NACRT) followed by surgery inevitably delays delivery of systemic treatment. Some patients show early distant metastasis before systemic treatment.
To identify the most effective treatments. We investigated prognostic factors for distant metastasis, especially early distant metastasis, using the standard treatment paradigm to identify the most effective treatments according to recurrence risk.
From January 2015 through December 2019, rectal cancer patients who underwent NACRT for having clinical T 3-4 or clinical N 1-2 disease according to the 8
American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system were included. Radiotherapy was delivered to the whole pelvis with concomitant chemotherapy. Patients received surgery 6-8 wk after completion of NACRT. Adjuvant chemotherapy was administered at the physician's discretion.
A total of 127 patients received NACRT. Ninety-three patients (73 factors is necessary. Future studies are required to determine effective treatment strategies for patients at high risk for distant metastasis.
EMVI, the involvement of MRF, and poor histologic grade were associated with early distant metastasis. In order to control distant metastasis and improve treatment outcome, selective use of neoadjuvant treatment according to individualized risk factors is necessary. Future studies are required to determine effective treatment strategies for patients at high risk for distant metastasis.Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most diagnosed form of cancer and second most deadly cancer worldwide. Introduction of better screening has improved both incidence and mortality. However, as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic began, healthcare resources were shunted away from cancer screening services resulting in a sharp decrease in CRC screening and a backlog of patients awaiting screening tests. This may have significant effects on CRC cancer mortality, as delayed screening may lead to advanced cancer at diagnosis. Strategies to overcome COVID-19 related disruption include utilizing stool-based cancer tests, developing screening protocols based on individual risk factors, expanding telehealth, and increasing open access colonoscopies. In this review, we will summarize the effects of COVID-19 on CRC screening, the potential long-outcomes, and ways to adapt CRC screening during this global pandemic.Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) represents a leading cause of cancer death and is often diagnosticated too late to allow adequate treatments. Lots of biomarkers have been discovered in lasts years but, to date, there is a lack of low-cost and non-invasive tools for PDAC early detection. Nonetheless, drugs commonly used in PDAC treatment do not allow achieving long-term satisfying results. Nanotechnology is gaining importance in both PDAC early detection and treatment. The main implications of nanotechnology in cancer diagnosis lay in the ability that nanoparticles have on concentrate the alteration in human proteome caused by cancer. Nanoparticle-enabled blood tests have been demonstrated to reach high rate of sensitivity (up to 85%) and specificity (up to 100%). In the field of cancer therapy nanoparticles can be used as nanocarriers able to reach specific tumour's cells and selectively release the drug they contain into them. A literature review was carried out with the aim to assess the state of the art and highlight the future perspectives of nanotechnology in PDAC early detection and therapy.Primary malignant vascular neoplasms of the liver, angiosarcoma and epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, are extremely rare entities in the pediatric population. International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies classification system is recommended for the pathologic diagnosis of hepatic vascular lesions in this age group. In this article, we highlight the clinicopathologic characteristics of hepatic angiosarcoma and epithelioid hemangioendothelioma in the pediatric population. Hepatic angiosarcoma in children shows a slight female predominance with an average age of 40 mo at diagnosis. The distinct histologic features include whorls of atypical spindled cells and eosinophilic globules, in addition to the general findings of angiosarcoma. Histologic diagnosis of pediatric hepatic angiosarcoma is not always straightforward, and the diagnostic challenges are discussed in the article. Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma also demonstrates a female predominance, but is more commonly identified in adolescents (median age at diagnosis 12 years). Histologically, the lesion is characterized by epithelioid cells and occasional intracytoplasmic lumina with a background of fibromyxoid stroma. While WWTR1-CAMTA1 and YAP1-TFE3 fusions have been associated with epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, there are currently no known signature genetic alterations seen in pediatric hepatic angiosarcoma. Advancement in molecular pathology, particularly for pediatric hepatic angiosarcoma, is necessary for a better understanding of the disease biology, diagnosis, and development of targeted therapies.Anthrax toxin receptor 1 (ANTXR1), also known as tumor endothelial marker 8, is a highly conserved cell surface protein overexpressed in tumor-infiltrating vessels. It was first found in vascular endothelial cells of human colorectal cancer. Although our understanding of its physiological function is limited, it has been found that ANTXR1 binds collagen and promotes migration of endothelial cells in vitro. ANTXR1 is upregulated in vessels of different tumor types in mice and humans, and is also expressed by tumor cells themselves in some tumors, such as gastric, lung, intestinal and breast cancer. Developmental angiogenesis and wound healing were not disturbed in ANTXR1 knockout mice, but compared with wild-type mice, growth of melanoma was impaired after ANTXR1 knockout, indicating that host-derived ANTXR1 can promote tumor growth on the basis of immune activity. Previous studies have shown that ANTXR1 vaccines or sublethal doses of anthrax toxin can inhibit angiogenesis, slow tumor growth and prolong survival. These studies suggest that ANTXR1 is necessary for tumor rather than physiological angiogenesis. It has been found that ANTXR1 plays an important role in tumor angiogenesisas well as in the growth and metastasis of many kinds of tumors. This article reviews the physiological function of ANTXR1 and its role in different kinds of cancer.Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The prognosis of patients with HCC remains poor largely due to the late diagnosis and lack of effective treatments. Despite being widely used, alpha-fetoprotein serology and ultrasonography have limited diagnostic performance for early-stage HCC. The emergence of omics strategies has contributed to significant advances in the development of non-invasive biomarkers for the early diagnosis of HCC including proteins, metabolites, circulating tumor deoxyribonucleic acid, and circulating non-coding ribonucleic acid. Early diagnosis is beneficial to patients as it increases the proportion who can be treated with curative treatment, thus prolonging survival outcomes. Currently, multiple clinical trials involving locoregional, systemic therapies, and combinations of these modalities are changing therapeutic strategies for different stage HCC. Success in several preclinical trials that involve immunotherapeutic innovations has created the potential to complement and enforce other treatment strategies in the future. This review summarizes the most recent advances in non-invasive early molecular detection, current therapy strategies, and potential immunotherapeutic innovations of HCC.
Child sexual abuse is a disturbing reality and a major public health problem. Indeed, it is a subject that has long been treated as taboo, with dramatic consequences on physical and mental health as well as on social wellbeing of the victims. The purpose of this study was to highlight the epidemiological and clinical features as well as the legal aspects of child sexual abuse.
we conducted a retrospective descriptive study at the psychiatric outpatient service of the University Hospital of Monastir over a period of 12 years and 6 months. All children younger than 18 years diagnosed with suspected or confirmed sexual assault were included.
a total of 93 children, victims of sexual abuse were enrolled. The average age of patients was 10 years, with a standard deviation of 3.9 years. Sex-ratio M/F was 0.9. TDI-011536 supplier The most common sexual contact was touching (47,3% of cases). The majority of abusers were male (93,5%). In more than half of the cases (53,8%) they were relatives of the child and in 28% of cases intra-familial abuse was reported. Initial psychiatric assessment showed mental disorders in 70% of cases.
sexual abuse is a very broad field of violence which varies widely in nature and intensity. Although, in some types of sexual abuse occasionally there is a lack of physical traces, the emotional and psychological impact is ubiquitous and characterized by numerous clinical manifestations.
sexual abuse is a very broad field of violence which varies widely in nature and intensity. Although, in some types of sexual abuse occasionally there is a lack of physical traces, the emotional and psychological impact is ubiquitous and characterized by numerous clinical manifestations.Isolated metastasis to pancreas from lung cancer is an extremely rare entity, usually reported in case series and case reports in the medical literature; estimated to account for up to 3-5% of all pancreatic lesions. Herein, we describe a case of a male patient suffering from metachronous metastatic lesion to the tail of the pancreas secondary to non small cell lung carcinoma treated 4 years prior to his presentation. The patient underwent pancreatic resection due to high clinical suspicion for the malignant nature of the mass, which was proved to be secondary lesion from its prior primary tumor. To the best of our insight this is one of the few reported cases of such type of pancreatic metastasis that may be misleading for hepatobiliary surgeons during preoperative evaluation.
the effect of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection on the natural history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease remains uncertain. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the association of HBV co-infections with CD4 count and viral load levels in response to antiretroviral treatment among HIV patients attending comprehensive care clinics in Makueni County (Kenya).
this was a prospective case-control study among patients seeking HIV services in three hospitals of Makueni County (Kenya). Newly diagnosed HIV mono-infected patients (controls) and HIV/HBV co-infected (cases), 18 years and above who had not started antiretrovirals (ARVs) participated. A total of 258 patients gave informed consent and participated. HIV mono-infected (controls) produced 129 while HIV/HBV (cases) gave 129 participants. P-values ≤ 0.05 were considered significant.
the majority (164, 63%) of the study participants were females for both arms of the study. The mean age of the participants was 31±0.402 years and majority of them were between the age of 26-30years old.
