Overgaardhayden8056

The isolation of autochthonous yeast species presents a good strategy to select new microorganisms for developing an adequate inoculum to carry out fermentations and generate representative products of the cider production zone. However, non-Saccharomyces yeasts have been considered to have low capacity to carry out a complete fermentation as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this work, five autochthonous yeasts from a cider fermentation process were isolated and identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Pichia membranaefaciens, P. kluyveri and Zygosaccharomyces rouxii. A series of fermentations were developed at laboratory level, using each species individually and it was observed that only S. cerevisiae was able to finish the process. K. marxianus consumed less than 50% of the sugars; P. kluyveri and Z. rouxii consumed less than 70% and P. membranaefaciens consumed more than 90% but the yield (ethanol produced for sugar consumed (YP/S)) was 0.39. Nevertheless, the addition of magnesium, zinc and nitrogen increased the fermentative capacity of almost all species K. marxianus, Z. rouxii and P. kluyveri, showed an increase in ethanol production when nutrients were added, obtaining more than 80 g/L of ethanol, and showing that those nutrients are necessary to complete the fermentation. This work describes the potential use of different non-Saccharomyces species to carry out fermentation of apple juice and highlights the importance of certain nutrients to enable an efficient alcoholic fermentation and the generation of desirable volatile compounds for cider production.

Disasters place a substantial burden on the health care workforce; as such, it is important to understand whether members of the health care workforce might be willing to work during disasters. The aim of this study is to explore the willingness of health care students in nursing, emergency and disaster management (EDM) departments to work during disasters and to examine sociodemographic and disaster-related factors that affect their willingness to work during disasters.

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 839 students enrolled in a Turkish University Faculty of Health Science (619 nursing students and 220 EDM students). Chi-square tests and binary logistic regressions were used to determine predictors of willingness to respond to disasters.

The majority of students (62.2%) were willing to work during disasters; however, approximately 31.2% of students were uncertain, and 6.7% were unwilling to work during disasters. Approximately 85.0% of EDM students and 54.0% of nursing students were willing to work during disasters. selleck chemicals Overall, participants were more willing to work during earthquake (71.1%) and traffic accident disasters (66.2%) but were less willing to work during contagious disease (35.1%) and gas leak disasters (33.5%). Students' willingness to work during disasters was predicted by program type, educational level and membership in a disaster-related nongovernmental organization.

The majority of students were willing to work during disasters, although these numbers varied according to program and disaster types. These findings have significant implications for disaster education programs and interventions.

The majority of students were willing to work during disasters, although these numbers varied according to program and disaster types. These findings have significant implications for disaster education programs and interventions.

Antimicrobial resistance among anaerobic bacteria is increasing, leading to a growing demand for inexpensive and reliable susceptibility testing methods. The aim of this study was to determine the suitability of Fastidious Anaerobe Agar (FAA) as a medium for disk diffusion for rapidly growing anaerobic bacteria.

Reproducibility of zone diameters and quality of growth were tested using six quality control (QC) strains. We compared four anaerobic incubation systems, two incubation temperatures (35°C and 37°C), and FAA from four manufacturers. The effect of incubation for 16-20hours instead of 24hours was tested on ten randomly selected isolates of the Bacteroides fragilis group. The final method was tested on 170 clinical B.fragilis-group isolates and compared to agar dilution MICs.

After 24hours' incubation, all QC strains demonstrated confluent growth. The different anaerobic incubation systems were equal regarding quality of growth and zone diameters. Incubation at 35°C resulted in slightly larger zones (1-2 mm) than at 37°C. Except for Acumedia FAA, the different manufacturers showed good agreement in zone diameters. All B.fragilis-group isolates displayed confluent growth after 16-20hours. Metronidazole inhibition zones correlated well with the reference MICs. There was an area of poorer separation for meropenem and piperacillin-tazobactam between 19-27 and 14-23 mm respectively. Prolonged incubation (40-44h) of clindamycin resulted in better separation and the area of overlap was reduced from 13 to 8 mm compared with 16-20hours' incubation.

FAA is a suitable medium for disk diffusion of these rapidly growing anaerobic bacteria.

FAA is a suitable medium for disk diffusion of these rapidly growing anaerobic bacteria.

People living with HIV (PLWH) are at increased risk of infections with resistant organisms due to more frequent healthcare utilization. Our objective was to investigate the association between HIV and antimicrobial resistance (AMR).

We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, LILACS and African Journals Online. Studies were eligible if they reported on AMR for colonization or infection with bacterial pathogens (excluding mycobacteria and bacteria causing sexually transmitted infections) and were stratified by HIV status, species and antimicrobials tested. Pooled odds ratios were used to evaluate the association between HIV and resistance.

In total, 92 studies published between 1995 and 2020 were identified. The studies included the following organisms Staphylococcusaureus (n=47), Streptococcus pneumoniae (n=28), Escherichia coli (n=6) and other Gram-negative bacteria. PLWH had a 2.12 (95%CI 1.36-3.30) higher odds for colonization and 1.90 (95%CI 1.45-2.48) higher odds for infection with methicillin-resistant S.