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5 but also shows a much better operational stability for 100 h at 600 °C compared with those reported in the literature.The freshness of meat has always been the focus of attention from consumers and suppliers for health and economic reasons. Usually, amine vapors, as one of the main components of the gas produced in the process of meat spoilage, can be used to monitor meat spoilage. Here, a new ratiometric cataluminescence (CTL) sensor based on energy transfer was developed to identify amine vapors and monitor meat freshness. After Tb doping, amine vapors exhibit a dual-wavelength (490 and 555 nm) property of CTL signals when reacted on the surface of Tb-doped La2O2CO3, and the ratio of I555 to I490 (R555/490) is a unique value for a given analyte within a wide range of concentrations. To illustrate the new sensor, 15 amine vapors were successfully identified using R555/490, including homologues and isomers. Besides, this sensor was used to monitor four meats, and the freshness of meats can be distinguished by cluster analysis successfully. Moreover, further discussion of energy-transfer phenomena and influence factors has facilitating effects on exploring the mechanism of energy transfer at the gas-solid interface.Three-dimensional (3D) printed, hierarchically porous nickel molybdenum (NiMo) electrocatalysts were synthesized and evaluated in a flow-through configuration for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in 1.0 M KOH(aq) in a simple electrochemical H-cell. 3D NiMo electrodes possess hierarchically porous structures because of the resol-based aerogel precursor, which generates superporous carbon aerogel as a catalyst support. Relative to a traditional planar electrode configuration, the flow-through configuration allowed efficient removal of the hydrogen bubbles from the catalyst surface, especially at high operating current densities, and significantly decreased the overpotentials required for HER. An analytical model that accounted for the electrokinetics of HER as well as the mass transport with or without the flow-through configuration was developed to quantitatively evaluate voltage losses associated with kinetic overpotentials and ohmic resistance due to bubble formation in the porous electrodes. The chemical composition, electrochemical surface area (ECSA), and roughness factor (RF) were also systematically studied to assess the electrocatalytic performance of the 3D printed, hierarchically porous NiMo electrodes. An ECSA of 25163 cm2 was obtained with the highly porous structures, and an average overpotential of 45 mV at 10 mA cm-2 was achieved over 24 h by using the flow-through configuration. The flow-through configuration evaluated in the simple H-cell achieved high electrochemical accessible surface areas for electrochemical reactions and provided useful information for adaption of the porous electrodes in flow cells.Rigorous substrate selectivity is a hallmark of enzyme catalysis. This selectivity is generally ascribed to a thermodynamically favorable process of substrate binding to the enzyme active site based upon complementary physiochemical characteristics, which allows both acquisition and orientation. However, this chemical selectivity is more difficult to rationalize for diminutive molecules that possess too narrow a range of physical characteristics to allow either precise positioning or discrimination between a substrate and an inhibitor. Foremost among these small molecules are dissolved gases such as H2, N2, O2, CO, CO2, NO, N2O, NH3, and CH4 so often encountered in metalloenzyme catalysis. Nevertheless, metalloenzymes have evolved to metabolize these small-molecule substrates with high selectivity and efficiency.The soluble methane monooxygenase enzyme (sMMO) acts upon two of these small molecules, O2 and CH4, to generate methanol as part of the C1 metabolic pathway of methanotrophic organisms. selleck chemicals llc sMMO is capabltiate between the highly selective molecular tunnel, which allows only the one-dimensional transit of small molecules, and the larger, less-selective channels found in typical enzymes. Methods are described to identify and characterize tunnels as well as to differentiate them from channels. In metalloenzymes which metabolize dissolved gases, we posit that the contribution of tunnels is so great that they should be considered to be extensions of the active site itself. A full understanding of catalysis by these enzymes requires an appreciation of the roles played by tunnels. Such an understanding will also facilitate the use of the enzymes or their synthetic mimics in industrial or pharmaceutical applications.Pure spin current has transformed the research field of conventional spintronics due to its various advantages, including energy efficiency. An efficient mechanism for generation of pure spin current is spin pumping, and high effective spin-mixing conductance (Geff) and interfacial spin transparency (T) are essential for its higher efficiency. By employing the time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect technique, we report here a giant value of T in substrate/W (t)/Co20Fe60B20 (d)/SiO2 (2 nm) thin-film heterostructures in the beta-tungsten (β-W) phase. We extract the spin diffusion length of W and spin-mixing conductance of the W/CoFeB interface from the variation of damping as a function of W and CoFeB thickness. This leads to a value of T = 0.81 ± 0.03 for the β-W/CoFeB interface. A stark variation of Geff and T with the thickness of the W layer is obtained in accordance with the structural phase transition and resistivity variation of W with its thickness. Effects such as spin memory loss and two-magnon scattering are found to have minor contributions to damping modulation in comparison to the spin pumping effect which is reconfirmed from the unchanged damping constant with the variation of Cu spacer layer thickness inserted between W and CoFeB. The giant interfacial spin transparency and its strong dependence on crystal structures of W will be important for future spin-orbitronic devices based on pure spin current."Drug resistance is an unavoidable consequence of the use of drugs; however, the emergence of multi-drug resistance can be managed by accurate diagnosis and tailor-made regimens."Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), is one of the most paramount health perils that has emerged in the 21st century. The global increase in drug-resistant strains of various bacterial pathogens prompted the World Health Organization (WHO) to develop a priority list of AMR pathogens. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), an acid-fast bacillus that causes tuberculosis (TB), merits being one of the highest priority pathogens on this list since drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) accounts for ∼29% of deaths attributable to AMR. In recent years, funded collaborative efforts of researchers from academia, not-for-profit virtual R&D organizations and industry have resulted in the continuous growth of the TB drug discovery and development pipeline. This has so far led to the accelerated regulatory approval of bedaquiline and delamanid for the treatment of DR-TB.