Wardpeacock9478

Correction for 'Growing a backbone - functional biomaterials and structures for intervertebral disc (IVD) repair and regeneration challenges, innovations, and future directions' by Matthew D. Harmon et al., Biomater. Sci., 2020, 8, 1216-1239, DOI .Reaction of excess [Ti(OiPr)4] with p-tert-butyltetrahomodioxacalix[6]areneH6 (L1H6) afforded, after work-up (MeCN), the complex [Ti2(OiPr)2(MeCN)L1]·3.5MeCN (1·3.5MeCN), whilst the oxo complex [Ti4(μ3-O)2(H2O)(L1)2]·MeCN (2·MeCN) was isolated via a fortuitous synthesis involving the use of two equivalents of [Ti(OiPr)4]. Reactions of p-methyl-dimethyldiazacalix[6]areneH6 (L2H6) with [TiF4] (four equivalents), [TiCl4(THF)2] (two equivalents) or [TiBr4] (>four equivalents) resulted in the titanium-based azacalix[n]arene complexes [Ti4F14L2H2(H)2]·2.5MeCN (3·2.5MeCN), [Ti2X4(H2O)2OL2H2(H)2] (X = Cl (4·5MeCN), Br (5·4.5MeCN) and [Ti4Br12L2(H)2(MeCN)6]·7MeCN (6·7MeCN), respectively. Reaction of four equivalents of [TiF4] with L3H4 (L3H4 = p-methyl-dimethyldiazacalix[4]areneH4) afforded the product [Ti2F2(μ-F)3L3(H)2(SiF5)]·2MeCN (7·2MeCN). These complexes have been screened for their potential to act as pre-catalysts in the ring opening polymerization (ROP) of ε-caprolactone (ε-CL), δ-valerolactone (δ-VL) and rac-lactide (r-LA). Generally, the titanium complexes bearing oxacalixarene exhibited better activities than the azacalixarene-based pre-catalysts. For ε-CL, δ-VL and r-LA, moderate activity at 130 °C over 24 h was observed for 1-6. In the case of the co-polymerization of ε-CL with r-LA, 1-6 afforded reasonable conversions and high molecular weight polymers; 7 exhibited lower catalytic performance due to low solubility. None of the complexes proved to be active in the polymerization of ω-pentadecalactone (ω-PDL) under the conditions employed herein.Bone targeting is one of the most potentially valuable therapeutic methods for medically treating bone diseases, such as osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, nonunion bone defects, bone cancer, and myeloma-related bone disease, but its efficacy remains a challenge due to unfavorable bone biodistribution, off-target effects, and the lack of cell specificity. To address these problems, we synthesized a new dual-targeting nanocarrier for delivery to bone by covalently modifying the G4.0 PAMAM dendrimer with the C11 peptide and the CH6 aptamer (CH6-PAMAM-C11). The molecular structure was confirmed using 1H-NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy. CLSM results showed that the novel nanocarrier could successfully accumulate in the targeted cells, mineralized areas and tissues. DLS and TEM demonstrated that CH6-PAMAM-C11 was approximately 40-50 nm in diameter. In vitro targeting experiments confirmed that the C11 ligand had a high affinity for HAP, while the CH6 aptamer had a high affinity for osteoblasts. The in vivo biodistribution analysis showed that CH6-PAMAM-C11 could rapidly accumulate in bone within 4 h and 12 h and then deliver drugs to sites of osteoblast activity. The components of CH6-PAMAM-C11 were well excreted via the kidneys. The accumulation of many more CH6-PAMAM-C11 dual-targeting nanocarriers than single-targeting nanocarriers was observed in the periosteal layer of the rat skull, along with aggregation at sites of osteoblast activity. All of these results indicate that CH6-PAMAM-C11 may be a promising nanocarrier for the delivery of drugs to bone, particularly for the treatment of osteoporosis, and our research strategy may serve as a reference for research in targeted drug, small molecule drug and nucleic acid delivery.Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a promising strategy for cancer treatment. However, the development of highly efficient photothermal agents with excellent biosafety, particularly with low liver retention, is very meaningful for clinical applications, but it is also challenging. We herein prepared a pH-sensitive nanoagent (NanoPc3) by the self-assembly of a zinc(ii) phthalocyanine substituted with hexadeca-sulphonates linked by hydrazone bonds for photoacoustic imaging and PTT. Due to the highly negative surface potential (-30.80 mV in water), NanoPc3 could effectively escape the phagocytosis of the reticuloendothelial system and be rapidly cleared from normal tissues, leading to little accumulation in the liver and excellent biosafety. The highly negatively-charged NanoPc3 changed into nearly neutral nanoparticles (NanoPc3H) under slightly acidic conditions, resulting in enhanced cellular uptake and retention time in tumor tissues. Moreover, the tumor of H22 tumor-bearing mice treated with NanoPc3 almost disappeared, suggesting an outstanding photothermal antitumor effect. NanoPc3 also hardly showed skin phototoxicity under irradiation. Its excellent antitumor effect and biosafety make NanoPc3 highly promising in clinical applications. This work will provide a new strategy for the design of tumor-targeted photothermal nanoagents with high biosafety.Correction for 'Recent advances in bioanalytical methods to measure proteome stability in cells' by Shouxiang Zhang et al., Analyst, 2021, DOI .We propose three different techniques to synthesize anisotropic magnetic supraparticles for their incorporation in the formulation of magnetorheological fluids with novel potential applications. The techniques include microtransfer molding, electrodeposition and microfluidic flow-focusing devices. Although the yield of these methods is not large, with their use, it is possible to synthesize supraparticles with anisotropy in both their magnetic content and shape. The magnetorheological characteristics (yield stress) of the resulting field-induced structures were computed using finite element method simulations and demonstrated to be strongly dependent on the microstructural anisotropy of the supraparticles. In anisotropic particles, the simulated yield stress is always larger than that of the isotropic ones consisting of magnetically homogeneous spherical particles.Through first-principles calculations, we report the thermoelectric properties of two-dimensional (2D) hexagonal group-IV tellurides XTe (X = Ge, Sn and Pb), with quadruple layers (QL) in the Te-X-X-Te stacking sequence, as promising candidates for mid-temperature thermoelectric (TE) materials. The results show that 2D PbTe exhibits a high Seebeck coefficient (∼1996 μV K-1) and a high power factor (6.10 × 1011 W K-2 m-1 s-1) at 700 K. The lattice thermal conductivities of QL GeTe, SnTe and PbTe are calculated to be 2.29, 0.29 and 0.15 W m-1 K-1 at 700 K, respectively. Using our calculated transport parameters, large values of the thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) of 0.67, 1.90, and 2.44 can be obtained at 700 K under n-type doping for 2D GeTe, SnTe, and PbTe, respectively. Among the three compounds, 2D PbTe exhibits low average values of sound velocity (0.42 km s-1), large Grüneisen parameters (∼2.03), and strong phonon scattering. Thus, 2D PbTe shows remarkable mid-temperature TE performance with a high ZT value under both p-type (2.39) and n-type (2.44) doping. The present results may motivate further experimental efforts to verify our predictions.Harnessing the chiroptical properties of molecular Möbius rings is motivated by fundamental aspects while challenged by synthetic difficulties. Focusing on Möbius aromatic Zn(ii) hexaphyrin complexes, interconversion between two chiral states was achieved through binding and release of an amino ligand (forward/backward stimuli), leading to different chiroptical switching phenomena (amplification, on-off, inversion). The amine either supplies the chirality or behaves as an achiral effector regulating the Zn(ii)-binding of a second (chiral) carboxylato ligand. These results highlight the Möbius [28]hexaphyrin scaffold as an attractive chiral switchable unit.A donor-cell-assisted membrane biotinylation strategy was used to modify small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) while minimizing protein damage, and allowed the sEVs to be loaded onto carriers. Biotinylated programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) positive sEVs were used to select for aptamers from a DNA library. H3B-6527 PD-L1 negative sEVs from a homologous cell line were found to remove non-specific aptamer sequences to increase the specificity. After just four rounds, high-affinity aptamers for PD-L1 positive sEVs were selected as novel affinity reagents.We report the discovery of a potential heparan sulfate (HS) ligand to target several growth factors using 13 unique HS tetrasaccharide ligands. By employing an HS microarray and SPR, we deciphered the crucial structure-binding relationship of these glycans with the growth factors BMP2, VEGF165, HB-EGF, and FGF2. Notably, GlcNHAc(6-O-SO3-)-IdoA(2-O-SO3-) (HT-2,6S-NAc) tetrasaccharide showed strong binding with the VEGF165 growth factor. In vitro vascular endothelial cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis was inhibited in the presence of VEGF165 and HT-2,6S-NAc or HT-6S-NAc, revealing the potential therapeutic role of these synthetic HS ligands.Size effects and structural modifications in amorphous TiO2 films deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) were investigated. As with the previously investigated ALD-deposited Al2O3 system we found that the film's structure and properties are strongly dependent on its thickness, but here, besides the significant change in the density of the films there is also a change in their chemical state. The thin near-surface layer contained a significantly larger amount of Ti+3 species and oxygen vacancies relative to the sample's bulk. We attribute this change in chemistry to the ALD specific deposition process wherein each different atomic species is deposited in turn, thereby forming a "corundum-like" structure of the near-surface layer resembling that found in the Al2O3 system. This, combined with the fact that each deposited layer starts out as a surface layer and maintains the surface structure over the next several following deposition cycles, is responsible for the overall decrease in the film density. This is the first time this effect has been shown in detail for TiO2, expending the previously discovered phenomenon to a new system and demonstrating that while similar effects occur, they can present in different ways for oxide systems with different structures and symmetries.Photoacoustic (PA) imaging with functional nanoprobes in the second near-infrared region (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) has aroused much interest due to its deep tissue penetration and high maximum laser permissible exposure. However, most NIR-II PA imaging is performed using the two-dimensional (2D) imaging modality, which impedes the comprehension of the in vivo biodistribution, angiography and molecular-targeted performance of NIR-II nanoprobes (NPs). Herein, we report the systematic monitoring of biomineralized copper sulfide (CuS) NPs, typical NIR-II NPs, in mouse models by employing NIR-II three-dimensional (3D) PA imaging. The advanced imaging modality provides dynamic information about the 3D biodistribution and metabolic pathway of CuS NPs. We also achieved contrast-enhanced 3D PA imaging of abdominal and cerebral vessels at a high signal-to-background ratio. Moreover, the tumor-targeted CuS NPs conjugated with the bombesin peptide endowed NIR-II 3D PA with superior performance in imaging orthotopic tumors both deep in the prostate and in the brain beneath the intact scalp and skull.