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Plasma orexin levels were determined by ELISA, following which the results of the two groups were compared, and the relevant factors were analyzed.

Our results revealed significantly lower plasma orexin levels in the narcolepsy patients compared to in healthy subjects. There were no correlations between plasma orexin levels and sex, age, body mass index, disease duration, and the severity of sleepiness, and between plasma orexin levels and electrophysiological indicators, including mean sleep latency and sleep-onset rapid eye movement periods.

Determining plasma orexin levels has the potential to replace the detection of CSF orexin levels.

Determining plasma orexin levels has the potential to replace the detection of CSF orexin levels.Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is one of the most common sleep disorders, and invokes numerous negative health-related outcomes and physiopathological processes. Understanding the mechanisms by which OSA potentiates cardiometabolic risk of patients remains a current challenge. Sleep disruption is highly prevalent among shift workers and shift work (SW) is an important modulator of circadian rhythms, with health consequences intimately related to cardiometabolic health. Since the circadian timing system (CTS) interacts with the normal functioning of the ANS, CTS impact on OSA patients should be closely assessed. This review raises the question of whether SW-induced circadian misalignment potentiates the cardiometabolic risk of OSA patients, providing a novel perspective on the role of autonomic modulation as a key downstream mechanism linking cardiometabolic risk with both OSA and CTS misalignment.The traditional synthesis of iron nanoparticles has the problems of high cost and secondary pollution. There is an urgent need for an economic, effective and environment-friendly method to solve this key issue. Here, the iron nanoparticles were prepared by a novel biosynthesis based on extracted tea polyphenols. Five kinds of tea were tested by microwave method, and the optimum extraction conditions were determined by orthogonal experiment L9 (34). The obtained materials were characterized by XRD, SEM, FTIR, XPS, Zeta potential and UV-Vis. The iron nanoparticle has a regular spherical or ellipsoidal shape with a particle size of about 75-100 nm. It was noted that it shows good selective removal for cationic dyes (malachite green (MG), rhodamine B (RB) and methylene blue (MB)). Kinetic experiment of iron nanoparticle on cationic dyes was in accordance with the pseudo first order kinetic model. Further, the possible removal mechanism was proposed, which mainly involves the process of adsorption and reduction. Mostly, its removal capacity of Malachite green reaches as high as 190.3 mg/g.The Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan (APCP) is an important pollution control policy formulated by the Chinese government to promote green development. However, there are few studies of its impact. Based on a province-level panel dataset from 2007 to 2017, we use a three-hierarchy meta-frontier slack-based data envelopment analysis (SBM-DEA) model and the global Malmquist (GM) index to estimate the green total factor productivity (GTFP) of China's chemical sub-industries. Next, we use the difference-in-differences (DID) method to explore the effect of the implementation of the APCP in 2013 on the GTFP of China's chemical industry. We find an increasing trend in the GTFP of China's chemical industry between 2007 and 2017. A decomposition of the change in GTFP shows that technical progress was the main driving factor and management inefficiency was the main inhibitory factor. The APCP had a significant positive effect on GTFP. Overall, in the post-implementation period, the increase in the GTFP of the treatment group was approximately 7.9% greater than in the control group. The APCP also significantly improved the technical efficiency change index. A dynamic effect analysis shows that the positive effect of the APCP on GTFP had an inverted U-shaped trend. A series of robustness tests, including counterfactual, re-grouping, and quasi-DID tests, suggest that our findings are reliable. In addition, changes in exports, capital deepening, and energy prices all significantly improved the GTFP of China's chemical industry.Lignocellulosic materials can be used as slow release electron donor (SRED) for biological sulfate reduction, potentially enhancing the subsequent metal sulfide precipitation. Lignocellulosic materials require a pre-treatment step in other biotechnological applications, but pre-treatment strategies for its use as a SRED for biological sulfate reduction have not yet been tested. Three pre-treatments strategies (mechanical, acid, and mechanical followed by acid pre-treatment) were tested to enhance electron donor release from brewery spent grain (BSG), and compared to a non-pre-treated control. Mechanical pre-treatment provided the highest sulfate removal rate (82.8 ± 8.8 mg SO42-.(g TVS.day)-1), as well as the highest final sulfide concentration (441.0 ± 34.4 mg.L-1) at mesophilic conditions. BSG submitted to mechanical pre-treatment was also assessed under psychrophilic and thermophilic conditions. Under mesophilic and psychrophilic conditions, both sulfate reduction and methane production occurred. Under psychrophilic conditions, the sulfate reduction rate was lower (25 ± 2.0 mg SO42-.(g TVS.day)-1), and the sulfide formation depended on lactate addition. A metal precipitation assay was conducted to assess whether the use of SRED enhances metal recovery. Zinc precipitation and recovery with chemical or biogenic sulfide from the BSG batches were tested. Sulfide was provided in a single spike or slowly added, mimicking the effect of SRED. ZnS was formed in all conditions, but better settling particles were obtained when sulfide was slowly added, regardless of the sulfide source.Today, an increase in the drought and water shortage all around the world is a challengeable threat for different governments and international committees. Water supply chain aims to manage the water consumption and to control the water shortage. Contrary to most of previous studies focused on the forward directions of the water supply chain, this paper also considers the reverse logistics known as a Closed-Loop Supply Chain (CLSC). Hence, an integrated Water Supply and Wastewater Collection System (WSWCS) under uncertainty is proposed. Furthermore, regarding the trend of sustainable development, the environmental dimensions and social benefits of the integrated WSWCS are contributed. To meet the standards of the sustainable development in developing countries, a case study in Iran is applied to a novel multi-objective stochastic optimization model based on triple bottom lines of sustainability. Having already been employed to similar optimization problems, the Social Engineering Optimizer (SEO) has been never applied in this research area. Another innovation of this study is to introduce an improved multi-objective SEO to solve this complicated model. Eventually, with regards to an extensive comparison contributing to the Pareto-based metrics and different sensitivities, some managerial implications are concluded as the main findings.In this work, the study of the biomass application of a microphyte plant Slavinia auriculata Aublet in red ceramic was carried out. The waste comes from the phytoremediation process, used in sewage treatment plants. Characterization tests were carried out by chemical, mineralogical, dilatometry, thermal and mass spectrometry techniques, where it was possible to prove that biomass is compatible in its composition for application in ceramic materials and also has great potential to act as a source of energy. The production of specimens was carried out using an industrial clay mass and incorporating 0-10% of biomass in samples produced by pressing and burned at temperatures between 750 and 1050 °C. Properties of plasticity, firing shrinkage, apparent drying and firing density, water absorption, compressive strength and tensile strength in flexion were evaluated, where the feasibility of using up to 2.5% biomass in ceramics firing in 1050 °C s was proven. Although the results of water absorption at the firing temperature of 1050 °C have increased from 18.3% to 19.4% with the use of 2.5% of the residue, the results of tensile strength in flexion have reduced from 4.80 to 3.75 MPa and the results of compressive strength have reduced from 27.6 to 22 MPa, the values obtained meet international recommendations and are in accordance with the recommendations of the bibliography. Finally, an economic analysis of the application of biomass in ceramic materials was carried out, where it was observed that it was possible to save up to 5.04% with the use of the biomass under study, providing an annual savings of $ 2668.8 for the ceramic industry.This study objectively investigates the influence of energy conservation and substitution strategies in mitigating CO2 emissions in the electricity generation sector in Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. The paper specifically explores if climate action implementation may negatively affect energy consumption on economic growth ambition and whether technical change in factor and inter-fuel substitution support in achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs) 7, 8 &13. This paper conducts the study under the life cycle analysis (LCA) procedure. We also apply stochastic frontier Translog production and ridge regression techniques with data for 2000-2015. The results currently show that renewable energy intensity falls below the breakeven level. Meanwhile, nonrenewable energy intensity is much higher. Furthermore, production factors and inter-fuel technological change show that capital-energy and renewable-nonrenewable energy are perfect substitutes under the electricity sector. Moreover, the findings rdy of knowledge by extending Translog production to estimate energy intensity & efficiency under the LCA procedure. Scholars also contribute to data and variable modeling under the SDGs in discovering CO2 emission mitigation in the electricity sector which could be replicated in other countries or regions.One of the solutions for the problems regarding increasing water scarcity and pollution of water resources can be wastewater reuse. Constructed wetlands (CWs) are a sustainable and cost-effective technology for wastewater treatment. If they are able to produce effluent of a needed quality, they can be a valuable addition for wastewater reuse schemes. MK-8353 ERK inhibitor This review studied 39 treatment systems based on CWs, and it assessed their characteristics and performance on pollutant removal. Moreover, their potential to reach the new European Union standards for agricultural wastewater reuse was evaluated. The results showed that the combination of CWs with additional technologies (e.g. UV treatment, anaerobic reactors) can further increase their performance and provide better removal efficiencies in comparison with conventional horizontal and vertical subsurface flow CWs. Particularly, hybrid systems showed a better removal of organic matter and bacterial indicators than single-stage CWs. For most of the systems considered, the concentrations of biochemical oxygen demand and total suspended solids in treated effluent were below the limits for agricultural reuse.