Toddadams6977

Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is an important economic crop for both sugar and biomass, the yields of which are negatively affected by flowering. The molecular mechanisms controlling flowering in sugarcane are nevertheless poorly understood. RNAseq data analysis and database searches has enabled a comprehensive description of the PEBP gene family in sugarcane. It is shown to consist of at least 13 FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT)-like genes, 2 MOTHER OF FT AND TFL (MFT)-like genes and 4 TERMINAL FLOWER (TFL)-like genes. click here As expected, these genes all show very high homology to their corresponding genes in Sorghum, and also to FT-like, MFT-like and TFL-like genes in maize, rice and Arabidopsis. Functional analysis in Arabidopsis showed that the sugarcane ScFT3 gene can rescue the late flowering phenotype of the Arabidopsis ft-10 mutant, whereas ScFT5 cannot. High expression levels of ScFT3 in leaves of SD-induced sugarcane plants coincided with initial stages of floral induction in the shoot apical meristem as shown by histological analysis of meristem dissections. This suggests that ScFT3 is likely to play a role in floral induction in sugarcane, however other sugarcane FT-like genes may also be involved in the flowering process.

This paper explores how the built environment impacts upon health and well-being and suggests that there are opportunities for more integrated working between professionals and citizens to create healthier, happier places.

Policy and practice guidance is presented from the urban planning and design fields. Evidence and data are presented from a range of disciplines on housing, green infrastructure and mental well-being.

There is an overwhelming agreement around the principles and rationale of incorporating health in planning and design processes.

These principles are not always implemented in practice. Challenges also exist around how different disciplines create and use evidence.

More innovative ways of working which incorporates health, public health, planners, designers and citizens, which responds to the needs of communities, should be tested.

Health and public health professionals can contribute to the evidence base using objective measures to assess the impact of the built environment on mental health and well-being.

Health and public health professionals can contribute to the evidence base using objective measures to assess the impact of the built environment on mental health and well-being.Nonignorable technical variation is commonly observed across data from multiple experimental runs, platforms, or studies. These so-called batch effects can lead to difficulty in merging data from multiple sources, as they can severely bias the outcome of the analysis. Many groups have developed approaches for removing batch effects from data, usually by accommodating batch variables into the analysis (one-step correction) or by preprocessing the data prior to the formal or final analysis (two-step correction). One-step correction is often desirable due it its simplicity, but its flexibility is limited and it can be difficult to include batch variables uniformly when an analysis has multiple stages. link2 Two-step correction allows for richer models of batch mean and variance. However, prior investigation has indicated that two-step correction can lead to incorrect statistical inference in downstream analysis. Generally speaking, two-step approaches introduce a correlation structure in the corrected data, which, if Bioconductor project (https//bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/sva.html).

The prevalence of pharyngeal chlamydia is low but its incidence and duration are unknown. A high incidence or duration may support the role of pharyngeal chlamydia in sustaining chlamydia transmission.

From March 2016 to December 2018 we enrolled men who have sex with men (MSM) in a 48-week natural history cohort study in Seattle, Washington. Participants self-collected pharyngeal specimens weekly. We tested specimens using nucleic acid amplification testing (Aptima Combo-2) at the conclusion of the study. In primary analyses, we defined incident pharyngeal chlamydia as >2 consecutive weeks of a positive pharyngeal specimen. In sensitivity analyses, we defined incident pharyngeal chlamydia as >1 week of a positive specimen. We estimated duration of pharyngeal chlamydia, censoring at loss to follow-up, receipt of antibiotics, or end of study.

140 participants contributed 70.5 person-years (PY) of follow-up; two (1.4%) had pharyngeal chlamydia at enrollment. In primary analyses, there were 8 pharyngeal chlamydia cases among 6 MSM (incidence=11.4 per 100 PY; 95% confidence interval [CI]=6.0-21.9). In sensitivity analysis, there were 19 cases among 16 MSM (incidence=27.1 per 100 PY; 95% CI=18.5-39.8). The median duration of pharyngeal CT was 6.0 weeks (95% CI=2.0-undefined) in primary analyses and 2.0 weeks (95% CI=1.1-6.0) in sensitivity analysis. Duration was shorter for those with a history of CT compared to those without (3.6 weeks versus 8.7 weeks; P=0.02).

Pharyngeal chlamydia has a low incidence and duration relative to other extragenital sexually transmitted infections. Its contribution to sustained population-level transmission of chlamydia remains unclear.

Pharyngeal chlamydia has a low incidence and duration relative to other extragenital sexually transmitted infections. Its contribution to sustained population-level transmission of chlamydia remains unclear.

Crohn's disease is a debilitating chronic inflammatory disorder of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. Current interventions using anti-TNF biologics show long term benefit in only half of patients. This study focused on the role of the TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) in pathogenesis in a TNF-driven model of ileitis.

We studied TNF ΔAU-rich element (ARE)/+ (TNFdARE) mice, which develop progressive ileitis similar to Crohn's ileitis. Histopathological analysis and gene expression profiling were used to characterize disease progression from 5 to 16 weeks. Mice with TNFR1 hemizygosity (TNFdARE/R1het) allowed us to assess gene dosage effects. Transcriptional profiling established inflection points in disease progression; inflammatory gene expression increased at 8 weeks with a plateau by 10 weeks, so these were selected as end points of treatment using the TNF biologic Infliximab and the TNFR1-specific XPro1595. Differences in recruitment of cells in the lamina propria were assessed using flow cytometry.

TNFdARE/R1het mice displayed stable long term protection from disease, associated with decreased recruitment of CD11b hiF4/80lo monocytes and CD11b hiLy6Ghi neutrophils, suggesting an important role of TNFR1 signaling in pathogenesis, and indicating potential benefit from TNFR1-specific intervention. Treatment with Infliximab and XPro1595 both showed similar impact on disease in TNFdARE mice. Importantly, these beneficial effects were greatly surpassed by hemizygosity at the TNFR1 locus.

Treatment with either Infliximab or XPro1595 produced moderate protection from ileitis in TNFdARE mice. However, hemizygosity at the TNFR1 locus in TNFdARE mice showed far better protection, implicating TNFR1 signaling as a key mediator of TNF-driven disease.

Treatment with either Infliximab or XPro1595 produced moderate protection from ileitis in TNFdARE mice. However, hemizygosity at the TNFR1 locus in TNFdARE mice showed far better protection, implicating TNFR1 signaling as a key mediator of TNF-driven disease.Loquat fruit are susceptible to chilling injuries induced by postharvest low temperature storage. The major symptoms are increased lignin content and flesh firmness, which cause leathery texture. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) pretreatment can alleviate this low temperature-induced lignification, but the mechanism is not understood. In this study, we characterized a novel class ІІІ peroxidase, EjPRX12, and studied its relationship to lignification. Transcript levels of EjPRX12 were attenuated following MeJA-pretreatment, consistent with the reduced lignin content. In vitro enzyme activity assay indicated EjPRX12 polymerized sinapyl alcohol, and overexpression of EjPRX12 in Arabidopsis promoted lignin accumulation, indicating that it plays a functional role in lignin polymerization. Also, we identified an HD-ZIP transcription factor, EjHB1, repressed by MeJA pretreatment, which directly bound to and significantly activated the EjPRX12 promoter. link3 Overexpression of EjHB1 in Arabidopsis promoted lignin accumulation with induced expression of lignin-related genes, especially AtPRX64. Furthermore, a JAZ-interacting repressor, EjbHLH14, was characterized, and it is proposed that MeJA pretreatment caused it to be released to repress the expression of EjHB1. These results identified a novel regulatory pathway involving EjbHLH14-EjHB1-EjPRX12 and revealed the molecular mechanism whereby MeJA alleviated loquat fruit lignification at low temperature.

Obesity and kidney diseases are common complex disorders with an increasing clinical and economic impact on healthcare around the globe. Our objective was to examine if modifiable anthropometric obesity indices show putatively causal association with kidney health and disease and highlight biological mechanisms of potential relevance to the association between obesity and the kidney.

We performed observational, one-sample, two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) and multivariable MR studies in approximately 300,000 participants of white-British ancestry from UK Biobank and participants of predominantly European ancestry from genome-wide association studies. The MR analyses revealed that increasing values of genetically predicted body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were causally associated with biochemical indices of renal function, kidney health index (a composite renal outcome derived from blood biochemistry, urine analysis, and International Classification of Disease-based kidney disease line in kidney health as well as decreasing the risk of renal disease.

These findings indicate that obesity is causally linked to indices of renal health and the risk of different kidney diseases. This evidence substantiates the value of weight loss as a strategy of preventing and/or counteracting a decline in kidney health as well as decreasing the risk of renal disease.

We prospectively assessed and compared the accuracy of cardiovascular risk scores in people living with HIV (PLWH) and individuals from the general population.

The Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation Score 2 (SCORE2), the Pooled Cohort Equations (PCE), and the HIV-specific Data Collection on Adverse events of Anti-HIV Drugs (DAD) score were calculated in participants free from atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) between 2003 and 2009. In total, 6373 [mean age, 40.6 years (SD, 9.9)] PLWH from the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS) and 5403 [52.8 years (SD, 10.7)] individuals from the CoLaus|PsyCoLaus study were eligible for analysis. We tested discrimination and calibration, and the value of adding HIV-specific factors to scores using the net reclassification improvement (NRI). During mean follow-ups of 13.5 (SD, 4.1) in SHCS and 9.9 (SD, 2.3) years in CoLaus|PsyCoLaus study, 533 (8.4%) and 374 (6.9%) people developed an incident ASCVD, respectively. This translated into age-adjusted incidence rates of 12.