Kirkpatrickhesselberg6421

Rhodotorula mucilaginosa shows adaption to a broad range of Pb2+ stress. In this study, three key pathways, i.e., glycolysis (EMP), the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), were investigated under 0-2,500 mg · L-1 Pb stress, primarily based on biochemical analysis and RNA sequencing. R. mucilaginosa cells showed similar metabolic response to low/medium (500/1000 mg · L-1) Pb2+ stress. High (2,500 mg · L-1) Pb2+ stress exerted severe cytotoxicity to R. mucilaginosa. The downregulation of HK under low-medium Pb2+ suggested a correlation with the low hexokinase enzymatic activity in vivo. However, IDH3, regulating a key step of circulation in TCA, was upregulated to promote ATP feedstock for downstream OXPHOS. Then, through activation of complex I & IV in the electron transport chain (ETC) and ATP synthase, ATP production was finally enhanced. This mechanism enabled fungal cells to compensate for ATP consumption under low-medium Pb2+ toxicity. Hence, R. mucilaginosa tolerance tiated with the TCA cycle and the electron transport chain (ETC). Such an energy compensatory mechanism could allow R. mucilaginosa acclimation to a broad range of Pb2+ concentrations (up to 1000 mg · L-1). In contrast, high (2500 mg · L-1) Pb2+ stress exerted its excessive toxicity by provoking ATP deficiency and damage to intracellular resistance systems. This study provided new insights into R. mucilaginosa resistance to HM stress from the perspective of metabolism.Objectives The relationship between patients' attachment strategies and the effectiveness of psychotherapy is empirically well established. However, studies on outcome measures other than symptomatic change are mostly lacking. The present study investigates if attachment anxiety and avoidance predict changes in personality functioning at the end of inpatient psychotherapy. Method In two independent samples (the first sample consisting of N = 967 diagnostically heterogeneous patients, Fachklinikum Tiefenbrunn, and the second sample comprising N = 344 patients with personality impairments, Rehaklinik Bad Grönenbach), personality functioning was assessed by means of the short version of the OPD structure questionnaire OPD-SQS (OPD-Strukturfragebogen 12-Item-Screeningversion, OPD-SFK) at admission and discharge in a naturalistic study design. Data on the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP-32) were evaluated as additional outcome measures in the first sample. Patients' attachment strategies were assessed at admission using the German short version of the Experiences in Close Relationships (ECR-RD 12). Results Attachment avoidance at baseline was inversely associated with improvements in personality functioning, psychopathology, and interpersonal problems. In the sample of patients diagnosed with personality disorders (sample 2), we found a negative association between attachment anxiety and improvements in the ability to make contact with others. Conclusions Considering the limitations, our results underline the relevance of attachment for the treatment outcome of inpatient psychotherapy. The assessment of patient's attachment strategy as part of standardized diagnostics can be helpful in clinical practice regarding prognosis, therapy planning as well as the adjustment of the therapeutic relationship while treating patients suffering from impairments in personality functioning.Reliability and validity of the OPD-conflict-questionnaire in an inpatient treatment sample Objectives Unconscious conflicts are a major part of psychodynamic diagnostics. Benecke et al. (2018) developed the OPD-conflict-questionnaire (OPD-CQ) to assess unconscious conflicts according to the Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnostics (OPD) via self-report. We inspected its reliability and validity in a large inpatient sample with a focus on correlations with symptomatic burden, interpersonal problems, and structural level. Methods N = 2083 patients completed questionnaires at the beginning of their inpatient stay in the Fachklinikum Tiefenbrunn between 2017 and 2020. We calculated internal consistencies of the OPD-CQ scales and (partial-)correlations of the OPD-CQ scales with different instruments. Results Internal consistencies were only partly satisfying (for eight of 13 scales). We found significant (partial-)correlations of the conflicts with symptom severity and interpersonal problems which were in line with expectations. However, structural level correlated with more conflicts than we expected. Conclusions Due to the low internal consistencies of some scales, we recommend a revision of the OPD-CQ. Still, the found correlations show the potential of the OPD-CQ as a screening instrument for patients in inpatient treatment.Exploration and consideration of media problems in the psychotherapy of adults An online survey of psychotherapists Background The inclusion of media-related behavioral addictions in DSM-5 and ICD-11 indicates the necessity of media anamnesis as secondary prevention (early detection) in psychotherapy. Objectives The aim of the study was to document the extent of media problems in therapeutic practice and to identify factors related to exploration (media anamnesis). Method Using an online survey (11/2019-03/2020), N = 160 psychotherapists from Germany and Austria were interviewed. Design a self-constructed questionnaire plus standardised scales, i. e. subscales E1 and E2 of Therapeutic Identity Questionnaire (ThId), scales for affinity to techniques (TA-EG) and personality (BFI-10). Results Of the participating psychotherapists 60 % reported patients with media-issues, of which (54 %) consider themselves competent in respective treatment, 72 % did not participate in further training; however, the ones attended did not feel competent of handling media-issues in psychotherapy after training. Two thirds (63 %) did not/rather did not explore media consumption in anamnesis and treatment. The exploration of media consumption was significantly related to specific training, the personality dimensions neuroticism and openness, and an affinity for technology. Conclusions Current further training courses do not meet the needs of psychotherapists and should be adapted. The personality dimensions of the psychotherapists play a role in handling media problems in psychotherapy.Grieving in high-speed society. An acceleration-focused temporal perspective Objectives How long does it take the bereaved to cope with a loss of a significant other? Early findings assume weeks. Later studies speak of years. Nevertheless, the grace period for the bereaved in the modern world seems to be constantly shortening, despite objectively constant time, multiple time gains and savings. Methods The process of acceleration described by Hartmut Rosa offers an explanation for this paradoxical disproportion. From a time-analytic perspective, it becomes clear that coping with loss runs counter to the dynamization of society. Results Grief as a bio-psychological process cannot be accelerated as such. Instead of therapy-immanent solutions, changes are needed that are reflected on a societal level. Conclusions The approaches 'grief literacy' and 'compassionate communities' can help to implement bereavement into the society as a whole.Vitamins (Vit) C and D are widely used as immunogenic supplements among severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infected patients. click here The SAR-CoV-2 virus enters into the pulmonary endothelial cells through attachment to angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptor (Ace2) and the proteolytic activity of Cathepsin L (Ctsl) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (Tmprss2) enzymes. This study aimed to determine the influence of Vit C and D on the mRNA expression of Ace2, Tmprss2, and Ctsl genes in the mouse lungs. Vitamins C and D were administrated to different groups of mice through intra-peritoneal route in doses equivalent to human for 30 days. Then, the mRNA expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry gene was analyzed using qRT-PCR. It is found that Vit D, but not C, upregulated significantly (P less then 0.05) the mRNA expression of Ace2 by more than six folds, while downregulated the expression of Ctsl and Tmprss2 genes by 2.8 and 2.2 folds, respectively. It can be concluded from this study that Vit D alters the mRNA expression of Ace2, Tmprss, and Ctsl genes in the mouse lungs. This finding can help us in understanding, at least in part, the molecular influence of Vit D on genes involved in the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the cells.

A workplace-based assessment (WBA) is used to assess learners' competencies in their workplaces. Many workplace assessment tools are available and validated to assess various constructs. The implementation of workplace-based assessment requires proper training of the staff.

This study aimed to explore the impact of staff training on WBA practices and evaluate the inter-rater reliability of these practices while using entrustment scales, performance descriptors, and personal judgment.

A quasi-experimental study, in which the staff members of the orthopedic department were invited to participate in a training program on the use of entrustment scales and assessment descriptors within the WBA tools. As a response to the training, subjective judgment was replaced by entrustment scales and performance descriptors in a trauma course offered by the orthopedic department. The inter-rater reliability of the WBA was evaluated using various rating scales.

The entrustment scales had higher inter-rater reliability of the assessment tools than performance descriptors and the personal judgment.

The inter-rater reliability was highest when using entrustment scales for WBAs, which could indicate that the entrustment scales achieve good psychometric properties as regards consistency among different raters. Thus, they decrease the confounding effect of differences in assessors. They may also give a clearer image of the actual academic level of the learners.

The inter-rater reliability was highest when using entrustment scales for WBAs, which could indicate that the entrustment scales achieve good psychometric properties as regards consistency among different raters. Thus, they decrease the confounding effect of differences in assessors. They may also give a clearer image of the actual academic level of the learners.Safe, efficacious, and deployable vaccines are urgently needed to control COVID-19 in the large-scale vaccination campaigns. We report here the preclinical studies of an approved protein subunit vaccine against COVID-19, ZF2001, which contains tandem-repeat dimeric receptor-binding domain (RBD) protein with alum-based adjuvant. We assessed vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy in both mice and non-human primates (NHPs). ZF2001 induced high levels of RBD-binding and SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody in both mice and non-human primates, and elicited balanced TH1/TH2 cellular responses in NHPs. Two doses of ZF2001 protected Ad-hACE2-transduced mice against SARS-CoV-2 infection, as detected by reduced viral RNA and relieved lung injuries. In NHPs, vaccination of either 25 μg or 50 μg ZF2001 prevented infection with SARS-CoV-2 in lung, trachea, and bronchi, with milder lung lesions. No evidence of disease enhancement was observed in both animal models. ZF2001 has been approved for emergency use in China, Uzbekistan, Indonesia, and Columbia.