Mouridsenphillips6683

Dibenzo-p-dioxin (DD) and dibenzofuran (DF) chlorination mediated by Cu and Fe chlorides can make a direct contribution to the formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in combustion flue gas. In this study, a kind of composite Cu and Fe chlorides and oxides (CuFe9O9.5Cl10) was prepared by impregnating oxides with HCl solution to imitate the coexistence status of Cu and Fe species in combustion flue gas. Composite CuFe9O9.5Cl10 was active in promoting the electrophilic chlorination of DD/DF at 150-300 °C, with the highest activity at 200 °C. DD/DF chlorination could occur under inert atmosphere, and 5% O2 atmosphere was most favorable for DD/DF chlorination. Electrophilic chlorination of DD/DF primarily favored at 2,3,7,8 positions. Hybridization of Cu and Fe chlorides and oxides not only decreased the starting temperature and activation energy of DD/DF chlorination, but also induced a synergistic effect for accelerating the chlorination of DD/DF. The measured activities of composite CuFe9O9.5Cl10 for promoting the chlorination of DD/DF were near to those of composite Cu chloride and oxide (CuO0.2Cl1.6), whereas 2 orders of magnitude higher than those of composite Fe chloride and oxide (FeO0.3Cl2.4). Comparison of PCDD/F congener distribution patterns indicated that DD/DF chlorination should be a main source of Cl1-3DFs and Cl1-2DDs in combustion flue gases.Passive air samplers comprising sorbent-Tenax-TA thermal desorption tubes were applied for monitoring cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes (cVMSs) in the air above the aeration tanks of eight wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs, including five "open" and three "close" plants) in Dalian, China. The aim was to investigate the inputs of cVMSs from WWTPs to the air throughout a year (June 2016-July 2017). The ∑cVMS concentrations were averaged at 3.14 ± 6.84 μg·m-³ with D5 as the dominant compound (contributing to 63.8% of the ∑cVMS concentration). The annual average concentrations of D4, D5, and D6 in the air of the "close" WWTPs were 5.33 ± 4.63, 13.4 ± 14.4, and 1.05 ± 1.47 μg·m-³, and 1.31 ± 1.29, 1.57 ± 2.01, and 0.301 ± 0.340 μg·m-³ in the air from the "open" WWTPs, respectively. For both the close and open aeration tanks, the concentration of ∑cVMSs was the highest in summer and the lowest in winter, showing a significant correlation with ambient temperature (linear regression; p less then 0.01). A simplified Gaussian dispersion model and a single chamber model were introduced to estimate annual emissions (kg·yr-1) of cVMSs from "open" and "close" WWTPs, ranging from 86.9 to 165 kg yr-1 and from 203 to 278 kg yr-1, respectively. Examining the relationship between the per capita emissions of cVMSs and average property prices, our results indicated that a greater amount of personal care products were used/discharged by people with relatively higher socioeconomic status.To meet the increasing worldwide need for freshwater, it has become critical to exploit non-potable saline water. Solar membrane distillation (MD) is a promising desalination technique, which does not require conventional energy and can reduce the cost of water production. We developed a cost-effective and high-efficiency photothermal membrane that employs TiN nanoparticles as an absorber of sunlight and energy converter. Due to a strong photothermal effect, the solar energy efficiency significantly improved. With optimal membrane and MD operating conditions, we obtained an MD flux of 0.940 kg/m2∙h and a solar efficiency of 64.1% under 1.0 kW/m2 solar irradiation. Compared with a bare poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membrane, 65.8% more pure water was produced. Furthermore, the temperature polarization encountered in the conventional MD process was relieved on account of the unique interfacial heating of the photothermal coating, which also contributed to the high solar efficiency. In addition, the membrane was quite stable and the permeate water was of a high, potable quality. The as-prepared photothermal membrane demonstrated a good performance and application prospects for solar MD.Four different metal-contaminated calcareous soil types, Carbonati-Perudic Cambosols (CPC), Fe-accumuli-Stagnic Anthrosols (FSA), Ochri-Aquic Cambosols (OAC) and Calci-Orthic Aridosols (COA), were investigated. The acid buffering capacity and metal-releasing behaviors of the soils were explored using an acid extraction method. Soil incubation and pot experiments were conducted to investigate changes in soil metal speciation and the enhancement of phytoextraction by soil acidification. There were several to tens of times differences in acid buffering capacities between soils. Soil calcium content may represent the major buffering system as indicated by significant linear correlations between the amount of Ca2+ released and H+ addition, and metal release into solution with H+ addition showed three stages, i.e. little release, slow release and rapid release stages. Soil carbonate-bound and Fe/Mn oxide-bound Cd and Zn decreased with the addition of H+ to all four soils, but organic matter-bound and residual metals remained unchanged. Based on the intensity of acidification, the efficiency Cd and Zn phytoextraction increased substantially with the addition of H+ in the case of the CPC but not the FSA which had a higher acid buffering capacity than the CPC. Hence, it may be concluded that the acid buffering capacity and changes in soil metal fractions with acidification of contaminated calcareous soil types should be determined before phytoextraction of these soils is attempted.The southern Yellow Sea (SYS) is considered to be of the most prolific fishing grounds in the China Sea. In this study, the seasonal and spatial distributions of total dissolved iron (DFe) are investigated across four seasons in the SYS, from July 2013 to January 2016. This investigation showed that the DFe values of all samples exhibited seasonal variations summer (1.7-15.8 nM), autumn (0.9-38.5 nM), winter (3.0-69.8 nM), and spring (3.0-100.2 nM). The DFe values in both surface and bottom waters also exhibited distinct temporal changes. The influence of water masses on the distribution of DFe as well as other factors, such as major nutrient concentrations of total dissolved nitrogen, total dissolved phosphate, and hydrologic factors, was investigated in this study. Based on the investigation of DFe and major nutrients in the SYS, the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass was identified as the most conservable water mass in the study area. The results of this study further indicate that in winter, DFe0.4 μm (using a 0.4 μm filter) is considerably higher than DFe0.2 μm (using a 0.2 μm filter) in the surface water of the SYS coastal area. Therefore, the dissolution of colloidal Fe in this area had a significant effect on DFe.Background Xanthohumol is known to exert anti-inflammatory properties but has poor oral bioavailability. Using advanced micellization technology, it has been possible to markedly enhance its bioavailability. Purpose In the present study, we compared the chronic anti-inflammatory activities of native and micellar xanthohumol in the rat adjuvant arthritis model, using diclofenac as a reference drug. Methods Adjuvant arthritis was induced by injecting Freund's complete adjuvant into the right hind paw of rats and monitoring paw volume over 3 weeks. The drugs were given daily for 3 weeks, starting from the day of adjuvant inoculation. Serum was collected at the end of the experiment to measure inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters. CDDOIm Statistical comparisons between different groups were carried out by one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison test. Results Micellar solubilized xanthohumol showed a better anti-inflammatory activity than its native form. The reduction in paw volume was reflected in corresponding changes in relevant mediators of inflammation like tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein, myloperoxidase and lipid peroxidation markers. Conclusion The findings confirm that micellar solubilization of xanthohumol enhances its anti-inflammatory activity, probably as a result of improving its bioavailabilty. The solubilized xanthohumol may prove to be a promising adjuvant tool for anti-inflammatory treatment and a potential anti-inflammatory alternative to synthetic drugs.Background Oxidative stress-triggered fatal hepatotoxicity is an essential pathogenic factor in acute liver failure (ALF). Aims To investigate the protective effect of daphnetin (Daph) on tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) and acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity through altering Nrf2/Trx-1 pathway activation. Materials and methods In vivo, male C57BL/6 mice with Wild-type (WT) and Nrf2-/- were divided into five groups and acute liver injury model were established by APAP or LPS/GalN after injection with Daph (20, 40, or 80 mg/kg), seperately. Then, liver tissue and serum were collected for biochemical determination, TUNEL and H & E staining, and western blot analysis. In vitro, HepG2 cells were used to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of daphnetin against ROS and apoptosis induced by t-BHP via apoptosis detection, western blot, immunofluorescence analysis, and sgRNA transfection. Results Our results indicated that Daph efficiently inhibited t-BHP-stimulated hepatotoxicity, and modulated T the thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip)/NLRP3 inflammasome. Furthermore, Daph efficiently enhanced Nrf2 nuclear translocation and Trx-1 expression. However, these effects in WT mice were eliminated in Nrf2-/- mice. Conclusions These investigations demonstrated that Daph treatment has protective potential against oxidative stress-driven hepatotoxicity by inhibition of ASK1/JNK and Txnip/NLRP3 activation, which may be strongly related to the Nrf2/Trx-1 upregulation.Background The purpose of this study was to analyze sagittal-plane knee biomechanics in individuals with ACL reconstructions in bilateral countermovement jumps. This aimed to determine potential knee compensation strategies during a high-demanding symmetrical movement task from pre to six months post-ACL reconstruction. Methods 20 ACL-reconstructed individuals were tested pre-operatively, and then seven weeks, three months, and six months after reconstruction. Additionally, a matched control group was analyzed. Data were sampled with 3D motion capture and two force plates. The following kinematic data were analyzed peak knee flexion during countermovement, knee angle at toe-off, and knee flexion excursion during landing. The following kinetic data were analyzed peak knee extension moments during countermovement and landing. Findings ACL-reconstructed individuals showed significant increases in knee flexion during countermovement and knee flexion excursion during landing from six weeks to six months after reconstruction but they remained significantly below the level of the controls. The reconstructed knee joint showed increased flexion at toe-off compared to the non-injured leg at all test sessions. Knee extension moments during countermovement increased up to six months after reconstruction, but remained deficient in ACL-reconstructed individuals during countermovement and landing compared to the controls. Interpretation Although ACL-reconstructed individuals showed increases in most kinematic and kinetic variables, they remained below the controls at six months post-ACL reconstruction. The deficits between contralateral legs and compared to the controls show that six months post-ACL reconstruction, knee joint functionality was still not equal between reconstructed and non-injured legs or in comparison to controls.