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These low resistivity zones are interpreted as saline water intrusion zone mixed with clay/sand layers up to a depth of 15 m possibly due to the ingression of seawater and also due to anthropogenic activities. Hence, protection from seawater intrusion from the canals into the coastal aquifers (shallow and deep) and human-made activities should be restricted to minimize the effect of saline water pollution.
The aim of this study was to identify factors that are independently associated with the 30-day unplanned readmission rate of patients who underwent elective spine surgery.
This study was a retrospective cohort study conducted in a single tertiary academic hospital. The study analyzed the electronic health records of adult patients aged 18years or older who underwent inpatient elective spine surgery under general anesthesia between January 2010 and March 2018. The primary endpoint was an unplanned readmission within 30days. The study used uni- and multivariable logistic regression analyses.
A total of 7,025 patients were included in the analysis. Among the patients included in the analysis, 215 patients (3.1%) had unplanned readmission within 30days after being discharged following elective spine surgery. In the complete-case analysis in the multivariable model, the factors associated with a 30-day unplanned readmission were found to be preoperative ASA physical status of ≥ 3 (vs 1) (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.27, 3.84; P = 0.005), cancer (OR 4.60, 95% CI 2.72, 7.77; P < 0.001), and pRBC transfusion (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.20, 2.71; P = 0.004).
The present study showed that preoperative ASA physical status of ≥ 3, diagnosis of cancer, and transfusion of pRBC were associated with an increased 30-day unplanned readmission rate after elective spine surgery.
The present study showed that preoperative ASA physical status of ≥ 3, diagnosis of cancer, and transfusion of pRBC were associated with an increased 30-day unplanned readmission rate after elective spine surgery.
In critically ill patients, tigecycline (TGC) remains an important therapeutic option due to its efficacy against multiresistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. learn more TGC is metabolized and eliminated predominantly by the liver. Critical illness-induced liver failure may have a profound impact on the pharmacokinetic of TGC. In the present study, we aimed to establish a link between the degree of liver dysfunction and TGC plasma concentration using the novel maximum liver function capacity (LiMAx) test, as a dynamic liver function test.
The prospective study included 33 patients from a surgical ICU with the clinical indication for antibiotic therapy with TGC. The patients received 100mg loading dose of TGC followed by intermittent standard doses of 50mg q12. Blood samples for TGC plasma concentration were collected at 0.3, 2, 5, 8 and 11.5h in a steady-state condition after at least 36h post-standard dosage. The results were analyzed by means of a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Wthe first participant to the trial 12-10-2015.
The present study demonstrates a high variability of TGC plasma concentrations in critically ill patients. The results show a significant correlation between the degree of liver dysfunction, measured by the LiMAx test, and TGC Cmax. LiMAx test may be a helpful tool beyond others for adjusting the required dosage of hepatic metabolized antibiotics in critically ill patients. Trial registry DRKS-German clinical trials register; Trial registration number DRKS00008888; Date of registration 07-17-2015; Date of enrolment of the first participant to the trial 12-10-2015.Recently, 3D in vitro cancer models have become important alternatives to animal tests for establishing the efficacy of anticancer treatments. In this work, 3D SKOV-3 cell-laden alginate hydrogels were established as ovarian tumor models and cultured within a fluid-dynamic bioreactor (MIVO®) device able to mimic the capillary flow dynamics feeding the tumor. Cisplatin efficacy tests were performed within the device over time and compared with (i) the in vitro culture under static conditions and (ii) a xenograft mouse model with SKOV-3 cells, by monitoring and measuring cell proliferation or tumor regression, respectively, over time. After one week of treatment with 10 μM cisplatin, viability of cells within the 3D hydrogels cultured under static conditions remained above 80%. In contrast, the viability of cells within the 3D hydrogels cultured within dynamic MIVO® decreased by up to 50%, and very few proliferating Ki67-positive cells were observed through immunostaining. Analysis of drug diffusion, confirmed by computational analysis, explained that these results are due to different cisplatin diffusion mechanisms in the two culture conditions. Interestingly, the outcome of the drug efficacy test in the xenograft model was about 44% of tumor regression after 5 weeks, as predicted in a shorter time in the fluid-dynamic in vitro tests carried out in the MIVO® device. These results indicate that the in vivo-like dynamic environment provided by the MIVO® device allows to better model the 3D tumor environment and predict in vivo drug efficacy than a static in vitro model.Cosmetic ingredients must be toxicologically assessed to determine their skin sensitizing potential. The in vitro human cell line activation test (h-CLAT; OECD TG 442E) addresses the activation of dermal dendritic cells by analyzing specific protein expression after exposure of THP-1 cells to the test chemical. According to the protocol, FITC-labeled antibodies are used for protein detection. However, some chemicals show strong autofluorescence at FITC-specific wavelengths so that antibody-specific signals cannot be distinguished appropriately from autofluorescence background. This leads to inconclusive or false-negative predictions. Alternative fluorochromes can be used if their equivalence with the FITC-labeled antibodies is proven. In the current paper we describe the results of a proficiency exercise, based on the proficiency chemicals listed in the guideline, with FITC-labeled antibodies as the benchmark and APC-labeled antibodies as an alternative detection system. APC emits fluorescence at longer wavelengths, thus avoiding interference in the FITC spectrum. Irrespective of the employed fluorochrome, all chemicals were classified correctly, and the EC150 and 200 values were in the same order of magnitude. Hence, the equivalence in performance of FITC- and APC-labeled antibodies was demonstrated, and the respective demand of the guideline was fulfilled. In a case study, we then tested a proprietary oxidative hair dye using both fluorochromes. Using APC-labeled antibodies, the hair dye was unambiguously identified as a sensitizer, whereas no classification could be made with the FITC-labeled antibodies. With APC, fluorescence interference can be circumvented and the applicability domain of the h-CLAT extended to include autofluorescent chemicals.
Migrant populations may have different mental health service needs when compared with native populations. One indicator of service use is the use of psychotropic medication. The aim of this study was to compare the purchases of psychotropic drugs among different migrant populations with the native population in Finland.
Foreign-born participants (n = 184805) and their Finnish-born controls (n = 185183) were identified from the Finnish Central Population Register. Information on their purchases of psychotropic drugs in 2011-15 was collected from the National Prescription Register. A washout period of 2009-10 was used to define incident purchases. Cox regression analysis was the statistical method used.
At least one incident purchase of a psychotropic drug was identified for 11.1% of migrant women, 11.4% of Finnish-born women, 8.7% of migrant men and 9.8% of Finnish-born men. When controlled for age, sex, marital status, socioeconomic status and social assistance, migrants were less likely to purchase psychotropic drugs (adjusted hazard ratio 0.96, 95% confidence interval 0.93-0.98), but there was variation between different drug categories. Recent migrants and migrants from Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa were least likely to purchase drugs. Migrants from Nordic countries and other Western countries most closely resembled the Finnish-born controls.
Recent migrants in Finland appear to use fewer psychotropic drugs than native Finns. It is important to analyze the reasons for this pattern, as they may indicate delays in access to care or benefits. The heterogeneity of migrant populations must also be considered when developing services to better address their needs.
Recent migrants in Finland appear to use fewer psychotropic drugs than native Finns. It is important to analyze the reasons for this pattern, as they may indicate delays in access to care or benefits. The heterogeneity of migrant populations must also be considered when developing services to better address their needs.The past decade has witnessed an increasing number of patient assaults on doctors in China. Patient-centered communication (PCC) may be one way to mitigate this problem. This study examined the effects of PCC and patient trust on emotional health outcome, especially how patients' attitude toward medical violence affected this relationship. Data were drawn from the China Governance and Public Policy Survey administered in 2017 with a sample size of 3784. The results showed that PCC had no direct effect on emotional well-being. Instead, patient trust completely mediated this path. Also, patients' attitude toward medical violence increased the indirect effect of PCC on emotional well-being, suggesting a moderated mediation model. We call for education programs to promote PCC for both providers and patients, mass media campaigns to condemn violence against doctors and stricter law enforcement to stop medical violence.ConoMode is a database for complex three-dimensional (3D) structures of conopeptides binding with their target proteins. Conopeptides, a large family of peptides from the venom of marine snails of the Conus genus, have exceptionally diverse sequences, and their high specificity to block ion channels makes them crucial as drug leads and tools for physiological studies. ConoMode is a specialized archive for the collection of 3D coordinate data for the conopeptides and their binding target proteins from published literature and the Protein Data Bank. These 3D structures can be determined using experimental methods such as X-ray crystallography and electron microscopy and computational methods including docking, homology modeling and molecular dynamics simulations. The binding modes for the conopeptides determined using computational modeling must be validated based on experimental data. The 3D coordinate data from ConoMode can be searched, visualized, downloaded and uploaded. Currently, ConoMode manages 19 conopeptide sequences (from 10 Conus species), 15 protein sequences and 37 3D structures. ConoMode utilizes a modern technical framework to provide a good user experience on mobile devices with touch interaction features. Furthermore, the database is fully optimized for unstructured data and flexible data models. Database URL http//conomode.qnlm.ac/conomode/conomode/index.
