Oliverhood2508

In order to develop a tiered approach to identify relevant biomarkers and matrices for assessing pesticide exposure in residents living close to vineyards, five priority pesticides (boscalid, captan, folpel, mancozeb and tebuconazole) and their metabolites were analyzed in urine and hair samples from the biobank of a French national prevalence study conducted between 2014 and 2016. To do this, several analytical methods based on gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS) were developed by relying on the expertise of the laboratory and the scientific literature, in particular on a paper describing the use of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the determination in human urine samples of ethylene thiourea (ETU), a metabolite of mancozeb, after a supported liquid extraction followed by a derivatization step [1]. The main adaptations carried out as part of this study concerned•the determination of ethylene urea (EU), another metabolite of mancozeb, at the same time as ETU in urine samples•the determination of all substances of interest including boscalid, EU and ETU, folpel and one of its metabolite (phthalimide), tebuconazole and one of its metabolite (hydroxytebuconazole), and tetrahydrophthalimide (metabolite of captan) in organic hair extracts by GC/MS/MS after a derivatization step.The effect of the main fire factors (smoke, ash, charcoal and heat) can influence the germination of species through their seeds. Hence, a methodology has been devised in order to have a common protocol for those who work in this area and serve as a valuable tool to compare different species that can be beneficial or detrimental to the conditions of a forest fire. Moreover, the methodology was completed with a check of the viability of the seeds before starting the germination process and another viability test with the non-germinated seeds (dormant or dead) after carrying out the germination test. In this way, the study of the main factors of fire, in combination with the study of the viability of the seeds, can be very useful to know the reproductive behaviour of herbaceous, shrub and tree species in a forest fire scenario. In addition, from the data obtained during the germination process of the seeds, a series of explained parameters can be obtained to better interpret the data acquired from the laboratory experiment and subsequent comparison. For all these reasons, the study of the germination of species in laboratory conditions can help us understand how they behave in the field.This work presents an experimental methodology developed to perform fatigue crack growth (FCG) and slow strain rate (SSR) tests in ethanol environments aiming to evaluate stress corrosion cracking (SCC) susceptibility of circumferential welds on steel pipelines. FCG and SSR specimens were machined from a welded pipe and the notches were properly designed to promote crack propagation in the different regions of the weld. Tests were carried out keeping the crack-tip region fully immersed in an ethanol solution, which was fueled by a circulation system to ensure replenishment and aeration throughout the test. When applied to a welded API X70 steel pipe, this experimental methodology proved to be an efficient and simple method to achieve relevant and important informations on environmentally assisted crack growth and SCC susceptibility. The method developed here is inserted in the aspects as follows•Perform tests in slow strain rate and cyclic bend loading in circulating ethanol, to promote the fracture in the different regions of a circumferential weld joint of a steel pipe.•Investigate sensitivity to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of these different weld regions in ethanolic environment.•This method presents constructive details of a suitable apparatus which the experiments can be easily replicated.Three-dimensional numerical simulation of circulation in fjords hosting marine-terminating ice shelves is challenging because of the complexity of processes involved in such environments. This often requires a comprehensive model setup. The following elements are needed bathymetry (usually unknown beneath the glacier tongue), ice shelf draft (impacting water column thickness), oceanographic state (including tidal elevation, salinity, temperature and velocity of the water masses), sea ice and atmospheric forcing. Moreover, a high spatial resolution is needed, at least locally, which may be augmented with a coarser and computationally cheaper (nested) model that provides sufficiently realistic conditions at the boundaries. Here, we describe procedures to systematically create such a setup that uses the Finite Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM) for the Petermann Fjord, Northwest Greenland. The first simulations are validated against temperature and salinity observations from the Petermann Fjord in September 2019. We provide•Complete bathymetry, ice-draft and water column thickness datasets of the Petermann Fjord, with an improved representation of the topography underneath the glacier tongue.•Boundary conditions for ocean, atmosphere and sea ice derived from a suite of high-resolution regional models that can be used to initialize and run the regional ocean model with realistic geophysical settings.

Despite the fact of ongoing worldwide vaccination programs for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), understanding longevity, breadth, and type of immune response to coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is still important to optimize the vaccination strategy and estimate the risk of reinfection. Therefore, we performed thorough immunological assessments 1 year post-COVID-19 with different severity.

We analyzed peripheral blood mononuclear cells and plasma samples at 1 year post-COVID-19 in patients who experienced asymptomatic, mild, and severe illness to assess titers of various isotypes of antibodies (Abs) against SARS-CoV-2 antigens, phagocytic capability, and memory B- and T-cell responses.

A total of 24 patients (7, 9, and 8 asymptomatic, mild, and severe patients, respectively) and eight healthy volunteers were included in this study. We firstly showed that disease severity is correlated with parameters of immune responses at 1 year post-COVID-19 that play an important role in protecting against reinfection with SARS-CoV-2, namely, the phagocytic capacity of Abs and memory B-cell responses.

Various immune responses at 1 year post-COVID-19, particularly the phagocytic capacity and memory B-cell responses, were dependent on the severity of the prior COVID-19. Our data could provide a clue for a tailored vaccination strategy after natural infection according to the severity of COVID-19.

Various immune responses at 1 year post-COVID-19, particularly the phagocytic capacity and memory B-cell responses, were dependent on the severity of the prior COVID-19. Our data could provide a clue for a tailored vaccination strategy after natural infection according to the severity of COVID-19.CD8+ T-cells play a crucial role in the control of HIV replication. HIV-specific CD8+ T-cell responses rapidly expand since the acute phase of the infection, and it has been observed that HIV controllers harbor CD8+ T-cells with potent anti-HIV capacity. The development of CD8+ T-cell-based vaccine against HIV-1 has focused on searching for immunodominant epitopes. However, the strong immune pressure of CD8+ T-cells causes the selection of viral variants with mutations in immunodominant epitopes. Since HIV-1 mutations are selected under the context of a specific HLA-I, the circulation of viral variants with these mutations is highly predictable based on the most prevalent HLA-I within a population. We previously demonstrated the adaptation of circulating strains of HIV-1 to the HLA-A*02 molecule by identifying mutations under positive selection located in GC9 and SL9 epitopes derived from the Gag protein. GSK864 Also, we used an in silico prediction approach and evaluated whether the mutations found had a higher or lower affinity to the HLA-A*02. Although this strategy allowed predicting the interaction between mutated peptides and HLA-I, the functional response of CD8+ T-cells that these peptides induce is unknown. In the present work, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 12 HIV-1+ HLA-A*0201+ individuals were stimulated with the mutated and wild-type peptides derived from the GC9 and SL9 epitopes. The functional profile of CD8+ T-cells was evaluated using flow cytometry, and the frequency of subpopulations was determined according to their number of functions and the polyfunctionality index. The results suggest that the quality of the response (polyfunctionality) could be associated with the binding affinity of the peptide to the HLA molecule, and the functional profile of specific CD8+ T-cells to mutated epitopes in individuals under cART is maintained.Epitope-specific GAD65Abs and HLA-DR-DQ gene assays help improve the value of risk stratification in autoimmune diabetes mellitus and protect islet function. Identification and early intervention are important for latent autoimmune diabetes in youth (LADY). The aims of this study were to investigate 1) the frequencies of the epitope-specific GAD65Abs and HLA-DR-DQ genes in LADY and 2) the association between HLA-DR-DQ genes and epitope-specific GAD65Abs. Higher frequencies of GAD65-CAb and multiepitope GAD65Abs were observed in young type 1 diabetes, LADY, and old type 1 diabetes subjects than those in latent autoimmune diabetes in adult (LADA) patients. The frequencies of the specific susceptible HLA haplotype DR3, total susceptible HLA haplotypes, and high-risk genotypes were higher in type 1 diabetes and LADY patients than those in LADA patients. In contrast, type 1 diabetes and LADY patients had lower frequencies of low/no genetic risk genotypes (DRX/X) than those of LADA patients. Logistic regression analysis suggested that the susceptible HLA haplotypes were risk factors for glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (GADA) multiepitope positivity in autoimmune diabetes mellitus. LADY may be more severe than LADA, and LADY seemed to be a transitional type of type 1 diabetes and LADA. GADA epitope and HLA-DR-DQ gene assays are important for risk stratification in autoimmune diabetes mellitus and protection of islet function.[This corrects the article DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2022.841290.].Antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) is associated with poor transplant outcomes and was identified as a leading cause of graft failure after kidney transplantation. Although the hallmark histological features of ABMR (ABMRh), i.e., microvascular inflammation (MVI), usually correlate with the presence of anti-human leukocyte antigen donor-specific antibodies (HLA-DSAs), it is increasingly recognized that kidney transplant recipients can develop ABMRh in the absence of HLA-DSAs. In fact, 40-60% of patients with overt MVI have no circulating HLA-DSAs, suggesting that other mechanisms could be involved. In this review, we provide an update on the current understanding of the different pathogenic processes underpinning MVI. These processes include both antibody-independent and antibody-dependent mechanisms of endothelial injury and ensuing MVI. Specific emphasis is placed on non-HLA antibodies, for which we discuss the ontogeny, putative targets, and mechanisms underlying endothelial toxicity in connection with their clinical impact.