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63-3.08), smoking (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.07-2.22) and male sex (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.01-1.49) were associated with severe disease. Furthermore, increased procalcitonin (OR 8.21, 95% CI 4.48-15.07), increased D-Dimer (OR 5.67, 95% CI 1.45-22.16) and thrombocytopenia (OR 3.61, 95% CI 2.62-4.97) predicted severe infection.

Characteristics associated with the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection may allow an early identification and management of patients with poor outcomes.

Characteristics associated with the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection may allow an early identification and management of patients with poor outcomes.More than half of women take medications during breastfeeding, predisposing their infants to medication exposure via breast milk. As a result, adverse drug reactions may emerge in the infant, although they are rarely reported. Disposition of maternal drugs in breast milk is described with several key parameters, which include relative infant dose (RID) infant drug intake via milk (weight- and time-adjusted) expressed as a percentage of the similarly adjusted mother's dose. Most drugs show RID values of less then 10%, indicating that drug concentrations in infant serum do not reach a level known to be therapeutic in adults unless drug clearance is markedly lower than the adult level on a weight basis. RID is a function of milk-to-(maternal) plasma drug concentration ratio (MP ratio) and maternal drug clearance. Therefore, MP ratio between drugs must be interpreted not by itself but with maternal drug clearance of each drug. This is why some drugs such as phenobarbital show an MP ratio of less then 1 but an RID as high as 50-70%, while morphine shows an MP ratio of 2 but an RID in the range of 5%. Using RID, we interpreted case reports of infant adverse outcomes, and we observed cases with relatively low infant serum concentrations of drug, consistent with low RID, as well as those with near- or above-adult therapeutic serum concentrations, with or without increased drug intake (i.e. high RID). It is important to consider both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic factors in interpreting adverse outcomes in infants breastfed by a mother taking medications.

This study was to conduct a predictive model for the prognosis of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) and validate the clinical data.

A total of 235 aSAH patients were enrolled in this study, dividing into the favorable or poor prognosis groups based on Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 3months postoperatively. Multivariate analysis was assessed using binary Logistic regression and Fisher discriminant analysis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the cut-off value.

Our findings showed that the high Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score 24-hour after surgery reduced the risk of poor prognosis, and the surgical clipping and elevated neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) increased the risk of poor prognosis. The discriminant function was V=0.881×GCS score-0.523×NLR-0.422×therapeutic approach, and V=-0.689 served as a cut-off value. When V≥-0.689, the good prognosis was considered among these patients with aSAH. The correctness for predicting the prognostic outcomes by self-validation was 85.11%.

This predictive model established by a discriminant analysis is a useful tool for predicting the prognostic outcomes of aSAH patients, which may help clinicians identify patients at high risk for poor prognosis and optimize treatment after surgery.

This predictive model established by a discriminant analysis is a useful tool for predicting the prognostic outcomes of aSAH patients, which may help clinicians identify patients at high risk for poor prognosis and optimize treatment after surgery.

To investigate the clinical features and risk factors for discerning the critical and predicting the outcome of patients with COVID-19.

Patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) department and general infection department of TaiKang Tongji (Wuhan) Hospital from February 10 to March 27, 2020, were included. Data on clinical features, complications, laboratory parameters, chest CT, nutrient requirement, and electrolyte imbalance were analyzed retrospectively.

A total of 123 (50 critical and 73 non-critical) patients were enrolled. 65% of patients with comorbidities, hypertension (45.5%), diabetes (21.9%), 36.5% of patients had more than one comorbidity. The proportion of lymphocytes in critical patients was significantly lower than that of non-critical patients. The proportion of patients with increased NLR, PLR, IL-6, CRP levels, and chest CT score was significantly higher in the critical than that of non-critical patients. The logistic regression analysis identified low lymphocyte count, high NLR, PLR, IL-6, CRP levels, and CT score as independent factors for discerning critical cases and high NLR, PLR, IL-6, and CT score could predict poor clinical outcome. Furthermore, we identified patients who needed nutrition support (HR 16.99) and with correction of electrolyte imbalance (HR 18.24) via intravenous injection were more likely to have a poor outcome.

The potential risk factors of lower lymphocyte count, high levels of NLR, PLR, IL-6, CRP, chest CT score, and the statue of nutrient requirement or electrolyte imbalance could assist clinicians in discerning critical cases and predict the poor outcome in patients with COVID-19.

The potential risk factors of lower lymphocyte count, high levels of NLR, PLR, IL-6, CRP, chest CT score, and the statue of nutrient requirement or electrolyte imbalance could assist clinicians in discerning critical cases and predict the poor outcome in patients with COVID-19.

Compare the accuracy of the Hadlock, the NICHD, and the Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF) charts to detect large for gestational age (LGA) and adverse neonatal outcomes (as a secondary outcome).

This is a secondary analysis from a prospective study that included singleton non-anomalous gestations with growth ultrasound at 26-36 weeks. Ixazomib LGA was suspected with estimated fetal weight > 90

percentile by the NICHD, FMF, and Hadlock charts. LGA was diagnosed with birth weight > 90

percentile. We tested the performance of these charts to detect LGA and adverse neonatal outcomes (neonatal intensive care unit admission, Ph < 7.1, Apgar <7 at 5 minutes, seizures, and neonatal death) by calculating the area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value.

Of 1054 pregnancies, 123 neonates (12%) developed LGA. LGA was suspected in 58 (5.5%) by Hadlock, 229 (21.7%) by NICHD standard, and 231 (22%) by FMF chart. The NICHD standard (AUC .79; 95% CI .75-.